章姬草莓组织培养苗移栽驯化影响因素的探讨

研究表明,组培苗驯化栽培基质种类及混合比例、基质消毒与否及消毒剂使用、湿度条件等因素对组培苗驯化栽培效果的影响均比较明显,采用草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=2∶2∶1的栽培基质,并使用400倍多菌灵消毒处理,配合驯化移栽后的10～14 d用塑料膜搭拱棚覆盖保湿,移栽后保持相对湿度80%～90%的条件下,章姬草莓组培苗的驯化效果良好,移栽成活率达100%,且幼苗生长发育状况良好。     

莫干山主要野生观赏蕨类植物调查与引种栽培

为了摸清莫干山风景区野生观赏蕨类植物资源,并更好地开发利用,进行了实地调查。结果表明:具有较高观赏价值的野生蕨类植物资源19科29属53种。通过栽培驯化和适应性观测,筛选出10种观赏价值较高、适应性较强的野生观赏蕨类植物,并对其形态特征、观赏特点、习性及园林用途进行了讨论。     

野罂粟生态调查及引种驯化研究

以河北省北部塞罕坝机械林场为基点,调查了野罂粟的生态环境,并进一步研究确定了人工种植野罂粟的播种深度、播种量、播种时期、幼苗移植方法及移植时期。     

香草类蔬菜功能成分及综合利用研究进展

香草类蔬菜是含有特殊芳香物质,可作蔬菜食用的草本植物,被广泛用于食品、医药和化工等行业,具有较大的开发利用前景。本文总结了常用香草类蔬菜的种类及分布,以及近年来我国对香草类蔬菜的引种驯化研究概况,同时阐述了香草类蔬菜综合开发利用方面的研究进展,最后展望了我国香草类蔬菜的发展趋势。     

Biomolecular evidence for plant domestication in Sahul

The question of the introduction of domesticated plants from the Sunda plate (South-east Asia) to Sahul (New Guinea, Australia and Tasmania) has been a subject of speculation and debate for decades. This paper reviews recent phylogenetic studies conducted with biomolecular markers on bananas (Musa spp.), breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), taro (Colocasia esculenta) and the greater yam (Dioscorea alata). Biomolecular evidence for plant domestication in Sahul is presented and discussed. Biomolecular markers reveal that for these crops at least, domestication has occurred in New Guinea and further east in Melanesia. This domestication produced cultivated genotypes that were selected from the endemic wild gene pools. These areas of domestication still are important centres of diversity for crop species that also exist in Asia. For most crops, genetic distances are very important between the two gene pools due to the geographic isolation of the two continental plates. The implications of these findings have obvious bearings on genetic resources programme strategies and future surveys.     

北美樱桃核桧引种驯化生长规律及扦插繁殖技术研究

北美樱桃核桧于1987 年引入呼和浩特市树木园,经10a 的引种驯化与3a的无性繁殖试验,证明该树种比当地其他柏类树种更耐旱、耐寒,无病虫害,生长旺盛。经分析北美樱桃核桧生长规律吻合于指数增长方程。10 年生平均树高2 .5 m ,最高达3 .2 m ,针叶呈淡蓝灰绿色,冠形优美,为温带半干旱地区庭院、街道、公园等地绿化的优良新树种。本文着重报道了其生态习性、引种驯化与栽培管理及扦插繁殖技术。     

Tropical hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha): Biology,fishery and management

Tropical hilsa shad, which is an anadromous fish migrating from the sea to spawn in freshwater river, constitutes an important fishery in some Asian and Middle East countries, particularly in Bangladesh. But, historical information on hilsa biology and ecology has confronted the scientists and policymakers with research and management challenges. We have reviewed both the old and recent findings on hilsa fishery to document the status of knowledge and potential gaps, necessary to comprehend for formulating a more effective fishery management plan. Thus, there has been a decline in hilsa catches in the riverine system associated with shift in fish migration routes, indiscriminate harvesting of brood and juvenile fish, and degradation of habitat. Specifically, the riverine hilsa catches peaked in the 1960s, declining thereafter, and became relatively abundant in marine waters since 1990s. Biological data indicated that hilsa goes through multiple reproductive cycles; therefore, a comprehensive understanding of reproductive biology, recruitment by various cohorts, stock abundance and habitats across the life cycle are necessary to accurately impose fishery regulatory measures, such as fishing ban in spawning season in Bangladesh. Moreover, domestication initiative is important for artificial seed production and mariculture development of hilsa that can not only offer economic return to small‐scale farmers but also reduce the growing pressure on capture fishery. Importantly, the arrangement of co‐management is found ideal as fishermen, scientists and managers can work jointly to improve the regulatory processes and to sustain the hilsa fishery over time.     

红阳桃在粤西的引种表现及栽培技术

粤西从马来西亚引种大果甜杨桃,经化州红阳农场选育后表现突出,在该场多年种植表现适应性良好,结果早、果大、优质、丰产性能好等优点,单果重80.0~394.5 g,每667 m2产量1 000 kg。并根据该品种特性和粤西气候,生态条件等提出关键栽培技术措施。     

干旱驯化后节水抗旱稻苗期不同发育时间DNA甲基化模式变化分析

以一个节水抗旱稻沪旱3号为研究材料,经过连续6代干旱胁迫驯化后,采用甲基化敏感扩增多态性方法在苗期不同发育时间对原始代(G0)和第6代(G6)DNA甲基化变化情况进行分析。结果表明,沪旱3号甲基化位点比例约为34%,其中,全甲基化位点约占84%,半甲基化位点约占16%。在苗期,随着沪旱3号生长发育,甲基化水平下降。不同世代或/和不同发育时间差异甲基化位点占总检测位点的4.0%,其中,大部分仅与发育相关(57.9%),而世代之间无差异。干旱驯化后,G6的DNA甲基化模式发生了改变。G6与G0相比,在3叶期,去甲基化事件占主要部分(59.1%);在4叶期,甲基化事件占主要部分(47.9%)。生长发育涉及全基因组DNA甲基化变化,变化位点主要分布在启动子区域和外显子区域。功能聚类分析表明差异甲基化位点相关基因涉及广泛的功能。     

盐度驯化下施氏鲟的血液生化指标

测定了5个不同盐度（0、10、20、25、28）下分别养殖20d的施氏鲟（Amursturgeon，Acipenser schrenckii）的血液生化指标。结果表明：总蛋白（TP）含量随盐度的升高先上升后下降，总胆红素（T—BIL）随盐度的升高逐渐增加，甘油三脂（TRIG）的变化趋势与总蛋白TP基本一致，总胆固醇（CHO—L）随盐度的升高变化不明显，高密度脂蛋白（HDL—C）随盐度的升高先缓慢下降后略有上升。血糖（G）随盐度的升高先缓慢下降后逐渐上升。肌酐（CREA）的含量随盐度的升高先上升后下降，尿素氮（BUN）随盐度的升高先上升后下降。随盐度的升高，碱性磷酸酶（ALP）逐渐下降，血清淀粉酶（AMY）先下降后上升，谷草转氨酶（AST）和谷丙转氨酶（ALT）先上升后下降再上升。Na^＋浓度先上升后下降最后基本保持稳定，Cl^-浓度、P含量和Na^＋浓度变化趋势基本一致，K^＋浓度先上升后下降，Ca^2＋浓度则无显著性变化。从驯化后血液生化指标分析，施氏鲟具有较强的渗透调节能力，经过驯化可以在盐度28的海水中生活。