Combined effect of using near‐infrared spectroscopy for nutritional evaluation of feed ingredients and non‐starch polysaccharide carbohydrase complex on performance of broiler chickens

This study was carried out to evaluate the combined effect of using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS ) for nutritional evaluation of feed ingredients and the addition of non‐starch polysaccharide carbohydrase complex (NSP enzymes) on the growth performance of broilers fed diets produced with low‐quality wheat and soybean meal. A 2 × 2 trial design was performed, with seven replicates of 40 male Ross 308 broilers per treatment, evaluating the effect of the addition of NSP enzymes and the ingredients’ nutritional matrix based on table values or NIRS values. Diets without added enzymes were formulated to reach nutritional requirements, whereas diets with enzymes were reformulated, reducing the apparent metabolizable energy (AME ) by 85 kcal/kg. In the overall period (days 0–35), broilers fed diets formulated using NIRS values had higher (P  < 0.001) average daily gain (+11.3%) and daily feed intake (+7.2%), and a lower (P  < 0.001) feed conversion ratio (?5.3%) compared to those fed diets formulated using table values. When formulating diets for broilers with low‐quality feed ingredients, performance can be improved by considering NIRS values and by the addition of NSP enzymes, even with a reduction of AME . These nutritional approaches are efficient in improving broilers’ performances by themselves and even more so when they are combined.     

Computing inbreeding coefficients and the inverse numerator relationship matrix in large populations of honey bees

The inbreeding coefficients are considered in breeding decisions, and the inverse numerator relationship matrix A ^?1 is a prerequisite for breeding value estimation. Polyandry and haploid males are among the specifics of relationships between honey bees. Brascamp and Bijma (2014) averaged out the manifold possible relationships among honey bees that appear to have the same parents in a pedigree and assigned a single entry in A to animals that behave as a unit, for example, the workers of a hive. Their methods of calculation connected full‐sibs in the variance matrix of the Mendelian sampling terms D , via nonzero off‐diagonal elements. This impedes the inversion of A and the closely connected calculation of inbreeding coefficients, because efficient algorithms for this task take D to be a diagonal matrix. Memory limitations necessitate their use for large data sets. We adapted the quickest of them to the block diagonal matrix D , that is postulated for the honey bee. To our knowledge, the presented algorithm is the first one that facilitates the method of Brascamp and Bijma (2014) on large data sets.     

重组M蛋白间接ELISA检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒抗体

用纯化的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒重组M蛋白作包被抗原,建立了检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒抗体的间接ELISA方法,并确立了ELISA最佳工作条件:抗原包被浓度为3.5μg/mL,37℃1h加4℃过夜,血清(1:40)和酶标SPA(1:80)分别在37℃温育1h,加底物溶液常温显色5min。经重复性试验、交叉试验、阻断试验等试验结果表明该方法重复性好、特异性强、敏感度高;与美国IDEXX公司试剂盒相比较,特异性和敏感性分别为96.3%和93.5%,无显著性差异。用建立的方法检测临床血清样品168份,总阳性率为39.9%。     

植物生长调节剂、基质对三个品种费约果扦插生根的影响

选取五年生健壮费约果树为母株,采用L9(33)正交设计法研究植物生长调节剂、基质对三个品种费约果半木质化枝条扦插生根的影响。本试验结果表明：不同品种、植物生长调节剂和基质处理的生根的影响呈显著性水平。影响费约果扦插枝条生根率因素的主次顺序为品种>植物生长调节剂>基质;影响根长因素的主次顺序为基质>植物生长调节剂>品种;影响插穗根数的因素主次顺序品种>基质>植物生长调节剂。Gemini品种经1000 mg/L ABT浸泡两分钟,以腐叶土+珍珠岩为基质,生根效果最好,生根率为70.00%,平均根长为8.85 cm,平均根数为10.22条/穗;Unique品种经1000 mg/L ABT浸泡两分钟,以腐叶土+蛭石为基质,生根效果较好,生根率为56.67%,平均根长为9.32 cm,平均根数为12.33条/穗;Coolidge品种生根率低,均≤20 %。     

Characterization of the extracellular matrix in the chorioallantoic membrane of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in early gestation

Placenta is formed by a parenchyma rich in extracellular matrix (ECM), and this structure guarantees the proper development of the embryo and placental functioning. Recently, studies have focused on the characterization of ECM in the placenta and foetal membranes of different species. This work aimed to analyse the composition of the ECM and to quantify the types of collagens in its composition. For this, 33 chorioallantoic membranes were used at different gestational ages, which were grouped into five groups. Subsequently, haematoxylin–eosin staining, Masson trichrome and picrosirius were performed for histological analysis. Through the technique of polarized light, it was possible to quantify the total collagen present in the membranes and finally the immunohistochemical technique was performed to verify the presence of collagens and glycoproteins. It was possible to verify that the chorioallantoic membranes have, in all the gestational periods of the initial third of gestation, the same histological structures, being the most significant difference the membrane thickening that occurs gradually during the gestation. However, we notice the appearance of binucleate cells only from group II. In addition, it was verified that a gradual increase of collagen occurs until the group IV, yet from the group V begins to occur a decrease of this protein. In addition, collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin and laminin were present in all membranes. With this, we concluded that the buffalo chorioallantoic membrane presents ECM in constant remodelling at the beginning of gestation and can be used as biomaterial in works on regenerative biology.     

狂犬病病毒BD-06株基质蛋白的原核表达、纯化及其多克隆抗体的制备

本研究旨在获得抗狂犬病病毒M蛋白的多克隆抗体,为进一步研究M蛋白功能提供材料。本试验以狂犬病病毒BD06毒株为模板克隆M基因序列,将其克隆至原核表达载体pET28a;经酶切和测序鉴定,M蛋白基因序列已正确插入表达载体pET28a;以表达载体pET28a-M转化E.coli Rosetta株,并以0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导,结果表达出27 ku左右的M蛋白;将诱导表达的蛋白质回收纯化,以纯化的M蛋白多次免疫兔子制备多克隆抗体;Western blotting分析和间接免疫荧光分析结果表明,制得的抗体与病毒能够反应,运用制得的多克隆抗体定位了基质蛋白在感染狂犬病病毒的BHK-21细胞中的位置。结果表明成功制得了抗狂犬病病毒M蛋白的多克隆抗体,为研究狂犬病病毒M蛋白功能奠定了基础。     

Evaluation of bone healing in canine tibial defects filled with cortical autograft,commercial-DBM,calf fetal DBM,omentum and omentum-calf fetal DBM

The present study was conducted to compare the effects of xenogenic bovine fetal demineralized bone matrix (DBM), commercial DBM, omentum, omentum-calf fetal DBM, cortical autograft and xenogenic cartilage powder on the healing of tibial defects in a dog model to determine the best material for bone healing. Seven male adult mongrel dogs, weighing 26.2 ± 2.5 kg, were used in this study. Seven holes with a diameter of 4-mm were created and then filled with several biomaterials. Radiographs were taken postoperatively on day 1 and weeks 2, 4, 6, 8. The operated tibias were removed on the 56th postoperative day and histopathologically evaluated. On postoperative days 14, 42 and 56, the lesions of the control group were significantly inferior to those in the other group (p < 0.05). On the 28th postoperative day, the autograft group was significantly superior to the control and omentum groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, calf fetal DBM was significantly superior to the control group. There was no significant difference between the histopathological sections of all groups. Overall, the omentum and omentum-DBM groups were superior to the control group, but inferior to the autograft, commercial-DBM, calf fetal DBM and calf fetal cartilage groups.