饲粮蛋白质源对断奶仔猪小肠全基因组转录谱的影响

为探讨饲粮蛋白质源影响断奶仔猪小肠发育的分子机制,本试验利用猪全基因组表达谱芯片分析不同蛋白质源饲粮下断奶仔猪（断奶 ０、３、７和 １４ｄ）小肠转录谱,２４头仔公猪随机分为 ２个处理,处理 １采用乳源蛋白质 ３０％替代饲粮总蛋白质,处理 ２采用全植物蛋白质源饲粮。结果表明：１）处理 １获得 ３７０个差异表达基因（Ｐ＜０．０５）,采用序列试验聚类分析,共获得２６个表达模式,其中有 ３个显著表达模式,模式 ５和 １１显著性水平最高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。处理 ２获得 ２６３个差异表达基因（Ｐ＜０．０５）,序列试验聚类分析得到 ２６个表达模式,其中模式 ３和 ２２显著水平最高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。２）基因共表达网络构建和分析一定程度上揭示了不同蛋白质源饲粮对肠道发育的分子调控机制,以及两者之间的差异。通过基因芯片数据,从 ２种蛋白质源饲粮处理下的基因调控网络中筛选出 １２和 ９个具有重要影响和研究价值的基因,以及 ９个在 ２个处理中网络调控地位发生改变的共表达基因。通过基因芯片数据,从 ２种蛋白质源饲粮处理下的基因调控网络中筛选出 １２和 ９个具有重要影响和研究价值的基因,以及 ９个在 ２个处理中网络调控地位发生改变的共表达基因。总之,本试验筛选出了一些在不同饲粮蛋白质源影响断奶仔猪肠道发育和功能过程中可能具有深入研究意义的候选基因。     

Demographics of cattle positive for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by faecal culture,from submissions to the Cork Regional Veterinary Laboratory

The demography of bovine infections caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in Ireland is poorly defined. The objective of this study was to describe the demographics of cattle positive to MAP on faecal culture, based on submissions to the Cork Regional Veterinary Laboratory (Cork RVL) from 1994 to 2006. The study focused on all available faecal samples from adult cattle with non-responsive chronic diarrhoea that were submitted by private veterinary practitioners to Cork RVL for MAP culture. For each MAP-positive by faecal culture animal, data were collated from Cork RVL and Cattle Movement Monitoring Scheme (CMMS) records. Johne's disease (JD) was confirmed in 110 animals from 86 herds by the Cork RVL between 1994 and 2006, with a rate of positive cases between 15% and 18% over last four years of the study. Two breeds (Holstein/Friesian or Limousin) made up 78% of submissions. Movements were assessed for the 57 study animals with available movement information, 90% died within one year of the test and 26% tested positive in the herd they were born into. The study provides preliminary information about movement trends and demographics of animals with MAP positive submissions. Although the study area is restricted, it includes the most intensive (and economically-important) dairy region in Ireland. The demographics of JD infection from the study area are in agreement with international reports. Further work is required to determine demographic trends, incidence and prevalence of JD throughout Ireland. It is hoped this work may contribute to the development of a surveillance strategy for MAP by regional veterinary laboratories.     

大学生网络道德问题的诊断及调控对策

网络的迅猛发展带来了丰富的资源和交往的便利,也造成部分大学生网络道德情感冷漠、网络道德意识薄弱、网络道德信念缺失及网络道德行为失范等一系列问题。而网络主体、网络外部环境及网络技术是造成网络道德问题的根源。加强大学生的道德教育,构建社会、学校、家庭"三位一体"网络道德教育模式,加快网络信息技术研究,加强网络道德教育监管,强化网络道德规范,是加强大学生网络道德教育的有效措施。     

An overview of animal science research 1945–2011 through science mapping analysis

The conceptual structure of the field of Animal Science (AS) research is examined by means of a longitudinal science mapping analysis. The whole of the AS research field is analysed, revealing its conceptual evolution. To this end, an automatic approach to detecting and visualizing hidden themes or topics and their evolution across a consecutive span of years was applied to AS publications of the JCR category ‘Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science’ during the period 1945–2011. This automatic approach was based on a coword analysis and combines performance analysis and science mapping. To observe the conceptual evolution of AS, six consecutive periods were defined: 1945–1969, 1970–1979, 1980–1989, 1990–1999, 2000–2005 and 2006–2011. Research in AS was identified as having focused on ten main thematic areas: ANIMAL‐FEEDING, SMALL‐RUMINANTS, ANIMAL‐REPRODUCTION, DAIRY‐PRODUCTION, MEAT‐QUALITY, SWINE‐PRODUCTION, GENETICS‐AND‐ANIMAL‐BREEDING, POULTRY, ANIMAL‐WELFARE and GROWTH‐FACTORS‐AND‐FATTY‐ACIDS. The results show how genomic studies gain in weight and integrate with other thematic areas. The whole of AS research has become oriented towards an overall framework in which animal welfare, sustainable management and human health play a major role. All this would affect the future structure and management of livestock farming.     

基于BP神经网络的旁热式辐射与对流粮食干燥过程模型

针对旁热式辐射与对流粮食干燥机的干燥特点,建立了一种粮食干燥机干燥过程的BP神经网络预测模型。该模型采用了3层神经网络结构(8-10-1),模型输入为粮食干燥机的8个变量,模型输出为出口粮食水分比或干燥速率。通过编写Matlab建模程序,基于实际干燥实验的样本数据训练与测试网络,实现了红外辐射与对流联合干燥的动力学模型,并给出了相应的模型数学表达式,模型预测的出口水分比与干燥速率的R2分别为0.998 9和0.998 0,均方根误差分别为0.009和0.004 1,预测结果与实际测量数据拟合较好;另外,结合实验干燥条件对模型干燥性能的预测结果进行了分析与总结,并依据同样方法建立了顺逆流粮食干燥过程的出口粮食水分比预测模型,对比了2种干燥方式的干燥性能。仿真预测表明用BP神经网络方法建模简单,具有自适应性、灵活性和自学习性等特点,相比于其他粮食干燥的经验数学模型,能综合考虑多种影响因素,可为红外辐射与对流联合干燥过程提供一种新的建模方法。     

不同类型土壤的光谱特征及其有机质含量预测

 【目的】构建适合土壤有机质含量估测的高光谱参数及定量反演模型。【方法】系统分析中国中、东部地区5种不同类型土壤风干样本有机质含量与350～2 500 nm波段范围高光谱反射率之间的关系,利用特征光谱参数和BP神经网络建立土壤有机质的定量估测模型。【结果】光谱一阶导数构成的两波段光谱参数与土壤有机质含量的相关性明显优于原始光谱,尤其采用Norris平滑滤波后导数光谱效果更好。光谱参数构成形式以差值指数最好,其次为比值和归一化指数。与土壤有机质含量相关程度最高的光谱参数是由可见光区554 nm和近红外区1 398 nm两个波段的一阶导数组合而成的差值指数DI(D554,D1398),两者呈显著指数曲线关系,拟合方程为y= 184.2 ×exp[-1297×DI(D554,D1398)],决定系数为0.90。经不同类型土壤的观测资料检验,模型预测决定系数为0.84,均方根误差RMSE为3.64,相对分析误差RPD为2.98,显示估测模型具有较好的预测精度。另外,利用BP神经网络结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)对导数光谱进行分析,提取贡献率达到99.56 %的前6个主成分建立了三层BP 神经网络模型,模型决定系数为0.98,经不同类型土壤的观测资料检验,模型预测决定系数为0.96,RMSE为2.24,相对偏差RPD为4.83。比较利用DI(D554,D1398)和BP网络进行土壤有机质含量的预测结果,前者精度低于后者,但可以满足土壤有机质监测的需要。【结论】利用差值光谱指数DI(D554,D1398)和BP神经网络模型均可实现对土壤有机质的精确估测。     

NETWORK FEOW APPROACH TO RELIABILITY EVALUATION IN IARGE SCALE NETWORKS BY MIXING INCREASING ELOW WITH DECREASING FLOW

Based on the maximum flow principle about networks, a network flow approach to reliability evaluation in large scale netwerks ty mixing inereasing flow with decreasing flow is proposed in this paper.This approach gets the initial flow of each branch in a r.etwork associated with a state of the retwork by decreasing flows of some branches correlative to another state of the network.As a result, the number of flow compute required can be reduced enormously.The numerical example shows that the approach is powerful. The comparison of this approach with the minimal cutset one is also given in this paper.     

Building Enviornmental Monitoring System With COM

This article presents an implement of component using COM technology for collecting environmental monitoring data in environment monitoring system. The component makes the separation of data collection and data analysis available.Simultaneously by using the interface of connectable object in COM,itmakes the cooperation of the environment monitoring software with other parts of fault management software available,and also the seamless connection.It improves the system's performance by adding extensibility and potential cooperatibility.     

优化运行理论在泵站综合自动化系统中的应用

利用改进的神经元网络构建了泵站流量以及效率预测模型，并利用改进的遗传算法构建了泵站优化模型。将这两个模型应用到泵站综合自动化系统中，可以完成对泵站流量及效率的准确预测，并在此基础上实现泵站的优化运行。讨论了泵站优化运行理论在泵站综合自动化系统中应用的步骤和方法。     

基于粗糙集与神经网络的农机化发展水平评估方法

在分析现有农业机械化发展水平评价方法的基础上 ,提出了粗糙集理论与人工神经网络技术相结合的农业机械化发展水平评价指标简化体系和评价方法。实例表明 ,约简后的指标体系可以获得原有指标体系的分类结果 ,但比原有模型少了 6 0 %的指标 ,大大减少了信息的需求量 ,为农机化水平评价提供了一种新的途径。