1998-2017年滇黔桂岩溶区降水时空动态特征

为了研究滇黔桂岩溶区近20 a降水时空变化特征,基于1998—2017年TRMM 3B43降水数据和72个气象站点实测数据,运用相关系数、相对偏差对TRMM 3B43降水数据在月尺度上进行了验证,并借助Sen-Median趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检验以及Hurst指数等数理统计方法对研究区降水时空动态特征进行了定量分析。结果表明:（1）TRMM 3B43降水数据与气象站点实测数据具有较高的相关性,月尺度相关系数为0.92（p<0.01）;（2）1998—2017年研究区降水量呈不显著波动上升趋势,上升速率为0.716 mm/a（p>0.05）;春、夏两季降水量以减少趋势为主,秋、冬两季降水量以增加趋势占主导;（3）降水量年、季节均值空间分布差异显著,年降水量呈增加趋势的区域（47.71%）略高于呈减少趋势的区域（41.71%）;春、夏两季降水量以减少趋势为主,秋、冬两季以增加趋势为主;（4）年降水量持续增加的区域占38.45%,集中分布在广西、贵州东南部、云南与贵州北部接壤地带;持续减少的区域占46.21%,主要分布在云南和贵州大部分地区。研究结果对研究区水资源管理、灾害监测具有重要意义。     

土壤样品中~(137)Cs和~(210)Pb活度分析比对研究

本文介绍了国际原子能机构(IAEA)组织的5个土壤样品中137Cs和210Pb活度分析的国际比对结果。本实验室比对用HPGe低本底γ谱仪对土壤样品进行测量,用LabSOCS(Laboratory Sourceless Calibration Software)进行系统无源效率刻度。通过IAEA的评价指标对结果进行评价表明,所测定的5个土壤样品中137Cs和210Pb活度结果都满足达标的要求,成功通过了IAEA的比对。IAEA公布的所有参加的18个实验室的比对结果显示,137Cs活度测定结果有82%的实验室属可接受,而210Pb活度测定结果只有33%的实验室属可接受。对这次国际比对总结分析经验和不足:137Cs与210Pb相比,其分析不确定性相对小,分析误差容易控制;210Pb是土壤中本身存在的放射性核素,其穿透能力较低,受土壤母质和本底的影响,其分析误差不容易控制。     

2022年凤阳县水稻品种展示试验初报

凤阳县近几年种子市场销售的杂交水稻品种众多,农民选种是个难题。农业部门为了筛选出适宜当地大面积推广的高产、优质、广适的水稻品种,2022年征集了全县种植面积较大的35个品种参加展示试验。通过专人负责田间管理、田间观察记载、室内考种、总结等,得出结论：徽两优166、Y两优1577、N两优1133、晶两优1377、Q两优851、诺两优6号、天龙两优140、韵两优332、Y两优808、徽两优粤农丝苗等10个品种的抗逆性、丰产性、适应性较好,可以在凤阳县大面积种植推广。     

Luteinizing hormone-dependent Cushing's syndrome in a pet ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

Hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets is associated with increased circulating concentrations of adrenal androgens, whereas plasma concentrations of cortisol and ACTH are usually not affected. Here, we report on a 5-year-old castrated male pet ferret (Mustela putorius furo) in which the major presenting signs were polyuria and polyphagia. Routine biochemistry values were within their reference ranges. The urinary corticoid:creatinine ratio (UCCR) was increased and the plasma ACTH concentration was suppressed. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed an enlarged right adrenal gland and atrophy of the left adrenal gland. Administration of hCG resulted in an increase of plasma cortisol and androstenedione concentrations. Based on these findings LH/hCG-dependent hypercortisolism and hyperandrogenism were suspected and treatment was started with a depot GnRH-agonist implant containing 9.4mg deslorelin. Within 3 weeks after placement of the implant all clinical signs had disappeared. Three months later the endocrine parameters had normalized, while abdominal ultrasonography revealed that the right adrenal gland had diminished in size and the left adrenal gland was considered of normal size. No recurrences of clinical signs were seen within 2 years after placement of the deslorelin implant. At that time urinary corticoid and plasma hormone concentrations were within their reference ranges, and no further change in the size of the adrenal glands was seen. In conclusion, this is the first confirmed case of LH-dependent hypercortisolism in a ferret that was treated successfully with a depot GnRH-agonist.     

1株山羊源海藻糖比伯斯坦杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为确定引起山羊肺炎的病原,本研究从病死山羊肺脏中分离纯化获得1株细菌,通过生化试验和分子生物学方法鉴定为海藻糖比伯斯坦杆菌。利用生物信息学软件MEGA6.0对巴氏杆菌科5个属细菌的白细胞毒素基因(lktA)和RNA聚合酶β亚基基因(rpoB)分别构建遗传系统发育树,可知分离株与海藻糖比伯斯坦杆菌(AF314526.2、CP003745.1、CP006955.1等)的lktA基因相似性最高,位于同一簇内;分离株和海藻糖比伯斯坦杆菌(CP006956.1、JACI01000002.1、CP003745.1等)的rpoB基因聚类为一簇,相似性最高;而与和葡萄糖苷曼氏杆菌(KU986490.1)的rpoB基因相似性最低。药敏试验显示,该菌对头孢噻肟、头孢他啶和环丙沙星等抗菌药物最敏感,对多西环素、阿莫西林和林可霉素等耐药。本研究为该菌致病机理的研究与疫苗的研发奠定了基础,也为临床用药提供了参考依据。     

Length of lags in responses of milk yield and somatic cell score on test day to heat stress in Holsteins

We used daily records from provincial Japanese weather stations and monthly test‐day records of milk production to investigate the length of the lags in the responses of cows’ milk yield and somatic cell score (SCS) to heat stress (HS). We also investigated the HS thresholds in milk yield and SCS. Data were a total of 17,245,709 test‐day records for milk and SCS in Holstein cows that had calved for the first time between 2000 and 2015, along with weather records from 60 weather stations. Temperature–humidity index (THI) values were estimated by using average daily temperature and average daily relative humidity. Adjusted THI values were calculated by using temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation. The model contained herd, calving year, month of test day, age group, days in milk, and THI as a fixed effect. THIs for each day from 14 days before the test day until the test day were used to represent the HS effects. The HS occurring 3 days, and between 8 and 10 days, before the test day had the greatest effect on the milk yield and SCS, respectively. The threshold THI values for the HS effect were about 60–65 for both traits.     

天津地区猪链球菌3型菌株的致病性及耐药特性研究

试验旨在对分离自天津地区发病猪场的7株猪链球菌3型菌株（Streptococcus suis type 3,SS 3）进行致病性和耐药特性研究。应用剂量为1.0×10⁷、1.0×10⁸和1.0×10⁹ CFU/只的细菌对小鼠进行致病力研究,用PCR方法检测7株SS 3型菌株的毒力基因mrp、ef、sly、gdh、gapdh、fbps和orf2,并对这7株SS 3型菌株进行药物敏感试验。致病力试验结果显示,接种剂量为1.0×10⁹和1.0×10⁸ CFU/只时分别有6和3株SS 3型菌株可使小鼠100.0%（5/5）发病死亡,接种剂量1.0×10⁷ CFU时仍有1株SS 3型菌株可使80.0%（4/5）小鼠发病死亡,这7株SS 3型菌株对小鼠的致病力依次为R15056 > R15042=S15030 > Y12024=Y09011 > Y13125 > Y13164。毒力基因检测结果表明,共有3种毒力基因型,R12024、Y13164、R15042和S15030株为gdh、gapdh、fbps和orf2毒力基因阳性,Y13125和R15056株为sly、gdh、gapdh、fbps和orf2毒力基因阳性,Y09011株为gdh、fbps和orf2毒力基因阳性。药物敏感性试验结果显示,7株SS 3型对头孢喹肟相对最敏感,其次为阿莫西林、环丙沙星和磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠,但对强力霉素100.0%耐药,且所有菌株均呈现3重以上的耐药性。本研究为进一步开展天津地区SS 3型流行特点及致病机理研究奠定了基础,可为天津地区SS 3型菌株的综合防控提供理论指导。     

母鼠孕期和哺乳期连续染毒双酚A对子代雄鼠睾丸发育的影响

旨在探究双酚A (BPA)对子代雄鼠睾丸发育的影响。本研究将8周龄体重18～22 g的SPF级母鼠随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只,A组每天给予普通蒸馏水,B组每天饮水给予0.05 mg·kg^-1 BPA,C组每天饮水给予0.5 mg·kg^-1 BPA组,D组每天饮水给予5 mg·kg^-1 BPA,E组每天饮水给予10 mg·kg^-1 BPA,F组每天饮水给予20 mg·kg^-1 BPA,G组每天饮水给予50 mg·kg^-1 BPA。F0代母鼠自怀孕起直至F1代子鼠断奶止饮水染毒BPA,F1代雄鼠于断奶(21日龄)处死。ELISA结果显示,母鼠染毒BPA剂量5 mg·kg^-1以上时,子代血清和睾丸组织BPA含量显著增加(P<0.05)。睾丸器官指数测定结果证明,染毒BPA剂量大于等于20 mg·kg^-1可导致子代雄鼠睾丸指数显著增大(P<0.05)。H&E染色显示,母鼠染毒BPA剂量大于等于10 mg·kg^-1可导致睾丸生精小管萎缩,小管间隙变大。彗星试验结果证明,染毒BPA大于等于5 mg·kg^-1可使子代睾丸细胞核DNA损伤显著上升(P<0.05)。免疫组化结果显示,母鼠染毒BPA剂量大于等于20 mg·kg^-1时子代睾丸雄激素受体(AR)表达量显著减少(P<0.05)。转录组测序结果显示,母鼠染毒50 mg·kg^-1BPA后子代雄鼠睾丸剪切体代谢通路U5 snRNA亚基编码基因Snrnp40上调,剪切体通用蛋白组件编码基因Hnrnpu下调,导致mRNA转录后修饰第一步受阻,荧光定量PCR结果与转录组测序结果一致,证实了转录组结果。结果表明,母鼠暴露于低剂量BPA可以引起子代睾丸发育异常,其分子机制可能与剪切体进行mRNA转录后修饰第一步反应受阻有关。     

安徽地区禽源临床样品药敏试验结果分析

对2015-2017年安徽地区送检至安徽省兽医临床诊断中心的365份禽源临床样品的药敏试验结果进行分析,结果显示,10种常用抗生素检测中以2、3种可推荐的抗生素为主,在可推荐抗生素中头孢噻肟比例最高,达到70.14%,其次是阿米卡星和多西环素,分别为60.27%和49.04%,而阿莫西林、氟苯尼考和庆大霉素的比例均低于5%;在首选抗生素中头孢噻肟、阿米卡星和多西环素的比例分别为38.36%、30.96%和16.36%。氟苯尼考、庆大霉素、左氧氟沙星和头孢噻肟作为可推荐药物的比例逐年升高,阿莫西林、阿米卡星的比例则逐年降低,表现出一定的规律性。本分析结果对指导安徽地区禽病临床治疗用药具有重要的参考意义。