基于改进YOLOv8n的复杂环境下柑橘识别

针对复杂环境下柑橘果实大量重叠、枝叶遮挡且现有模型参数量大、计算复杂度高等问题,提出了一种基于改进YOLOv8n的柑橘识别模型YOLOv8-MEIN。首先,该研究设计了ME卷积模块并使用它改进YOLOv8n的C2f模块。其次,为了弥补CIoU损失函数在检测任务中泛化性弱和收敛速度慢的问题,使用Inner-CIoU损失函数加速边界框回归,提高模型检测性能。最后,在自建数据集上进行模型试验对比,试验结果表明,YOLOv8-MEIN模型交并比阈值为0.5的平均精度均值mAP_0.5值为96.9%,召回率为91.7%,交并比阈值为0.5~0.95的平均精度均值mAP_0.5～0.95值为85.8%,模型大小为5.8MB,参数量为2.87M。与原模型YOLOv8n相比,mAP_0.5值、召回率、mAP_0.5～0.95值分别提高了0.4、1.0、0.6个百分点,模型大小和参数量相比于原模型分别降低了3.3%和4.3%,为柑橘的自动化采摘提供技术参考。     

基于YOLOv5s-ESTC的肉苁蓉检测

为了解决因梭梭和红柳等宿主遮挡、样本分布密集、样本大小不均衡等造成人工种植肉苁蓉检测精度低以及模型参数量过大难以向嵌入式设备移植等问题,该研究提出一种基于改进YOLOv5s的人工种植肉苁蓉轻量化检测方法。首先,将YOLOv5s的主干网络替换为EfficientNetv2网络,以减少模型参数量和计算复杂度进而实现模型轻量化,便于后期将模型向嵌入式设备部署;其次,为了增强模型对小目标肉苁蓉特征信息的提取能力,将C3模块与Swin Transformer Block进行整合,得到C3STR模块,将其引入主干网络,并将其输出的特征图与Neck网络中的特征图进行融合;最后,在检测头前端与颈项加强网络之间添加CA注意力机制,以弱化背景信息、聚焦目标特征,提高网络检测性能。试验结果表明,该模型对于肉苁蓉的检测精度和准确率分别为89.8%和92.3%,模型的参数量和计算量分别为5.69×10⁶ MB和6.8 GB,权重文件大小为11.9 MB,单幅图像推理时间为8.9 ms,能够实现实时性检测。同其他主流模型相比,改进后的模型的检测精度分别比SSD、Faster R-CNN、YO...     

复杂摆动式豌豆胚皮分离机设计

针对淀粉行业急需对豌豆脱皮后的豆胚与豆皮混合物进行分离这一现状,设计了一种复杂摆动式豌豆胚皮分离机。为此,在介绍了分离机结构原理的基础上,对其驱动功率和曲轴转速等总体参数进行了设计计算。该分离机的分离盘从靠近曲轴端的回转运动逐渐转变为靠近调节板端的往复摆动,以带动物料做复杂摆动动作实施分离,保证了豆胚与豆皮的分离效果。设计后的分离机完全能够满足规模淀粉企业的使用要求。     

胡芦巴及其综合利用

胡芦巴作为传统中药,有温肾止痛等功效。民间把它作为香料使用。胡芦巴含有半乳甘露聚糖,是加工植物胶的原料。此外,还含有油脂、皂苷、生物碱、黄酮等多种成分,在石油开采、医药、食品、日用化工等行业有广泛用途。胡芦巴在我国各地均可栽培。提出了胡芦巴胶一油脂一薯蓣皂苷元的加工利用途径,并介绍了加工方法。     

Relationship of Conservation of Historic Buildings and Urban Construction

The conservation of historic buildings and their environment is an unavoidable problem in urban construction. In this paper, the authors give a few new thoughts about the problem. First, the historic buildings are important part of the core power in city competition.Second,the conservation work should be combined with their development. Third, a classified and multilevel system of protection and reuse of old buildings should be set up.     

Suitability of European green frogs for intensive culture: Comparison between different phenotypes of the esculenta hybridogenetic complex

European countries are probably the greatest consumers of frogs' legs, although this is occurring in a context of amphibian decline. Imports of frogs' legs have been increasing over the last few decades in relation to the development of deep-frozen products. This demand has stimulated farming with neotropical species for international trade. Today, in spite of some trials on European species, no production is effective. From the early 1990s, small-scale experimental rearing trials have been undertaken in Brittany (France) with a local green frog belonging to the esculenta complex (Rana ridibunda) which accepts granulated feed. This complex comprises two Mendelian species R. lessonae (LL) and R. ridibunda (RR) as well as their hybridogenetic hybrid Rana esculenta, which can be either diploid (RL) or triploid (RLL, RRL).The purpose of this study is to analyse the ability of each taxon to be reared. During the two months following metamorphosis, froglets were trained to eat pellets. The surviving individuals were reared for one year under regulated conditions to estimate the survival rate, growth and production of each frog type.The results show low survival rates (14.8 to 26.2%) for LL and RLL, higher rates (39–46.4%) for F₁ and F₂ from wild RR and RLL, with the highest rates (63.0 to 77.4%) for RL, RRL and all RR, using data from several years of rearing. After three years under rearing conditions, the adult survival rate is highest for rearing strain RR-Rivan 92* (53.7%). The growth rate varies greatly according to phenotype, and only frogs with an RR phenotype reach marketable size. In the wild, LL exhibits some difficulty in reaching this limit. As a result, production increases from 1.5–8.7 kg/m² for individuals with an L hemiclone to 22.9–35.7 kg/m² for each cohort of phenotype RR from at least two generations under rearing conditions.In relation to hybridogenesis processes, hybrids with diploid or triploid genomes do not seem to offer any advantage for production purposes. However, R. lessonae individuals from intensive rearing can produce fertile eggs and tadpoles, which could enable production for restocking to preserve wild diversity or build up new populations in suitable habitats.     

Study on the New Technology of Extracting PD in Strong Noise Environment With Complex Wavelet

Based on existing research, this paper analyzes and compares the phase information characters between partial discharge signal (PD) and its disturbance, and also extracts the feature of Partial Discharge with complex wavelets in noise environment. The research demonstrates that complex wavelets are more superior to original real wavelets in identifying Partial Discharge signal, and those simulated applications and the datum from laboratory can guarantee the effectiveness of the extraction of the feature of Partial Discharge and the restraint of the strong electromagnetic disturbance.     

Abnormalities of the operculum in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): morphological description

The authors studied a population of 582 gilthead sea breams (Sparus aurata), aged 25–600 days, in order to describe the abnormalities of the opercular complex.

Particular attention was paid to: (1) the different degrees of abnormality of the opercular complex as a whole and of the individual dermal bones (preopercle, interopercle, subopercle and opercle) that compose it; (2) the ways in which the operculum folds into the gill cavity and the relevant histological characteristics. This study discusses the origin and nature of the abnormalities.

Though these abnormalities have a major impact on market value and product image, and are often linked to other disorders in fish, they are still difficult to eliminate. Gaining a basic understanding of these abnormalities will be a first step towards reducing their occurrence.     

杜仲高产胶无性系遗传参数估计与改良效果分析

以杜仲35个无性系为研究材料,以5 a的性状测定数据为基础,对杜仲无性系叶片性状、树皮性状、果实性状、产量进行了遗传参数估计和改良效果分析.结果表明:叶片性状、树皮性状、果实性状、产量性状的重复力均较高,为0.54～0.97.表型变异系数叶片性状和树皮性状的较低,而果实性状和产量性状的相对较高.分别根据叶片含胶率、树皮含胶率、果实含胶率和产量筛选出了4个高产胶无性系,其遗传改良效果分析结果表明,叶片含胶率、树皮含胶率、果实含胶率和产量的遗传增益分别为21.10%、54.95%、12.17%和55.22%.说明这些性状的遗传改良效果均较好,所筛选出来的无性系可以大大提高产胶量和果实产量,该研究为杜仲高产胶优良无性系的进一步栽培和推广提供了重要的理论依据.     

复合有机酸对泌乳奶牛生产性能、养分表观消化率和消化生理的影响

本试验旨在研究复合有机酸对泌乳奶牛生产性能、养分表观消化率和消化生理的影响。选择388头泌乳奶牛,根据体重、产奶量、泌乳天数相近原则,按照随机区组设计分为2组,即对照组和试验组,每组194头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中每头每天添加48 g复合有机酸。试验期共40 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期30 d。结果显示：与对照组相比,饲粮中添加复合有机酸可显著提高泌乳奶牛的干物质采食量、产奶量、乳脂率、4%乳脂校正产量以及钙的表观消化率（P<0.05）,对乳蛋白率、体细胞数、体细胞评分以及干物质、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、磷的表观消化率没有显著影响（P>0.05）;饲粮中添加复合有机酸显著增加了泌乳奶牛的采食时长（P<0.05）,但未显著影响躺卧时长、咀嚼次数、肢蹄评分、瘤胃充盈度评分、粪便评分、体表清洁度评分（P>0.05）。由此可见,添加复合有机酸能够提高泌乳奶牛的生产性能、钙表观消化率及采食时长。