三江源地区饮用水源中隐孢子虫和贾地鞭毛虫的检测

通过膜过滤、絮凝沉淀法浓缩收集了三江源地区水源中隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫,并用蔗糖漂浮法纯化了上述"两虫"。及抗酸染色后镜检,结果显示:在三江源地区10条河流中的6条(60%)检出隐孢子虫,32个采样点11个点(34%)的样品检出隐孢子虫;在10条河流中有2条(20%)检出贾地鞭毛虫,32个采样点的4个点(12.5%)的样品中检出贾地鞭毛虫。     

绵羊实验性过食谷物中毒的研究

通过6例绵羊实验性过食谷物中毒的研究,探讨了反刍兽过食谷物中毒经过中有无内毒素血症和微循环障碍,以及内毒素血症和乳酸酸中毒在本病发生上的作用。结果:试验羊血浆内(6/6)和脑脊液内(4/6)均检出内毒素,血浆内毒素呈双相反应,于试验后3h(4例)、6h(2例)第一次出现阳性反应,多数在36h后再次出现阳性反应,血液乳酸含量于试验后12h开始明显增高,36h达峰值,病程48h以上的羊以后又下降,脑脊液乳酸含量显著增高。血浆凝血酶原时间随病程的推移而逐渐延长,鱼精蛋白副凝集试验也呈双相反应,试验后6h第一次出现阳性反应,24h后再次出现阳性反应。据此初步认为,内毒素血症先于酸中毒出现,其在本病的发生上起决定的作用;病程中的酸中毒和微循环障碍是严重的,但在病程超过48h的羊,酸中毒有自然缓解的现象;在疾病的转归上,内毒素血症和乳酸酸中毒起加成作用,试验羊死亡的直接原因是微循环障碍所导致的多系统器官功能衰竭。     

Incidence of prolonged prothrombin time in dogs following gastrointestinal decontamination for acute anticoagulant rodenticide ingestion

Objective: To determine the effect of gastrointestinal (GI) decontamination on the incidence of prolonged prothrombin time (PT) in dogs after anticoagulant rodenticide ingestion. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Urban emergency room. Animals: One hundred and fifty‐one client‐owned dogs. Measurements: Dogs presented to the emergency room within 6 hours of ingestion of an anticoagulant rodenticide and had a PT measured within 2–6 days of toxicant ingestion before initiating vitamin K therapy were included. Dogs were categorized as treated or untreated based on the institution of vitamin K therapy following PT testing. The signalment, body weight, type of rodenticide ingested, time elapsed between ingestion and initial presentation, method(s) of GI decontamination, and the times elapsed between both toxicant ingestion and initial hospital presentation until determination of PT were recorded. The PT results were recorded as well as any treatment received following the recheck examination. Any reported incidents of bleeding or untoward effects between exposure and reexamination were recorded. Main results: Of 151 dogs, only 11 dogs (8.3%) developed prolonged PT requiring vitamin K supplementation. None of the 11 dogs with prolonged PTs exhibited signs of bleeding or required transfusion therapy. No differences in age, weight, or time elapsed between treated and untreated patients were found. Conclusions: The incidence of prolonged PT is low in dogs receiving GI decontamination within 6 hours of anticoagulant rodenticide ingestion. Delaying vitamin K therapy until a PT has been assessed 48–72 hours after initial exposure appears to be safe and sensitive in dogs following anticoagulant rodenticide ingestion.     

不同乳蛋白组分对牛乳酶凝乳特性的影响

研究不同乳蛋白组分对牛乳酶凝乳特性的影响,在脱脂牛乳中添加乳清蛋白浓缩物(whey protein concentrate,WPC)、κ-酪蛋白(κ-casein,κ-CN)、β-乳球蛋白(β-lactoglobulin,β-Lg_A和β-Lg_B)。结果表明:这些乳蛋白组分可以缩短牛乳的酶凝乳时间,而且增加凝乳后的样品黏度,凝乳样品微观结构更加紧密;而添加α-乳白蛋白(α-lactalbumin,α-La)、α-酪蛋白(α-casein,α-CN)、β-酪蛋白(β-casein,β-CN)和总酪蛋白(casein,CN)对凝乳的形成具有抑制作用,凝乳样品微观结构较疏松。采用动态光散射法测定酶凝乳过程中酪蛋白胶束分子粒径的分布情况,结果表明,酪蛋白溶液中添加WPC、κ-CN、β-Lg_A和β-Lg_B后,分子半径分布发生变化,蛋白分子趋于聚集。选择酶凝乳差异明显的原料乳样品进行双向电泳与质谱鉴定,结果表明,与牛乳的酶凝乳特性相关的差异蛋白大多是影响乳腺细胞代谢的微量生物活性蛋白质。