国内腈纶废水处理技术研究与应用进展探讨

综合分析了国内腈纶废水处理技术的研究进展情况,针对近年来国内腈纶行业发展的趋势和国家环境技术管理的要求,提出了高效物化预处理技术与厌氧一好氧生化处理技术相结合的腈纶废水末端治理技术路线。     

Expression of tissue factor in experimental bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis and endotoxemia

Tissue factor (TF), a cell surface-associated cofactor and activator of coagulation factor VII, has been implicated in the local and systemic activation of coagulation associated with sepsis. This study describes the pattern of TF expression in experimental bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis and endotoxemia. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to localize TF antigen in tissue sections. Tissue factor expression was not observed in tissues from control animals. In response to Pasteurella haemolytica challenge, TF was expressed within alveolar walls, by mononuclear inflammatory cells within alveoli, and in walls of arteries, arterioles, bronchi, and bronchioles. Tissue factor was not detected in unaffected lung, liver, spleen, lymph node or kidney tissue. Administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin intravenously resulted in tissue factor expression in lung, spleen, and lymph node tissue. Results of this study indicate that TF is expressed locally at sites of inflammation and systemically in endotoxemia. Therefore, TF may be involved in coagulation events associated with pneumonic pasteurellosis.     

蜱源抗凝分子及其作用机制

综述了血液凝固过程、血凝因子和血小板在血凝过程中的作用;总结了自1990年发现第一个蜱源抗凝血分子(TAP)以来分离鉴定出的蜱源抗凝血活性分子及其它们的抗凝机制及基于蜱抗凝多肽和cDNA克隆表达出的几种抗凝血分子,介绍了近年来在TAP的分子结构和抗凝机制方面的研究进展。     

内毒素介导动物急性肾功能衰竭机理的试验研究

为了阐明内毒素介导急性肾功能衰竭的机理,观察了内毒素性肾功能衰竭家兔血液凝固性变化和肾脏的病理形态学变化。与对照组家兔比较,模型组家兔血小板计数和血浆纤维蛋白原含量极显著降低(P<0 01),出血时间、凝血时间、凝血酶原时间和白陶土部分凝血活酶生成时间显著或极显著延长(P<0 05,P<0 01)。另一方面,内毒素注射在全部模型组家兔导致了弥漫性血管内凝血,71.4%的肾小球中发现了微血栓,肾小球纤维素密度指数达60 6%。此外,96.2%的肾小管上皮细胞变性坏死,84.1%的肾小管中有管型形成。对照组家兔均未发现这些病理变化。上述试验结果揭示,内毒素引发了弥漫性血管内凝血,而肾小球毛细血管内广泛形成的微血栓阻断了肾小球毛细血管血流,从而导致肾小球滤过率降低,这是内毒素介导急性肾功能衰竭的首要机理。此外,肾小管上皮细胞的变性、坏死可损害其重吸收和分泌功能,管型形成可阻塞肾小管管腔并增大肾球囊内的压力,这些也都是在内毒素介导急性肾功能衰竭发生发展过程中起重要作用的因素。     

三江源地区饮用水源中隐孢子虫和贾地鞭毛虫的检测

通过膜过滤、絮凝沉淀法浓缩收集了三江源地区水源中隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫,并用蔗糖漂浮法纯化了上述"两虫"。及抗酸染色后镜检,结果显示:在三江源地区10条河流中的6条(60%)检出隐孢子虫,32个采样点11个点(34%)的样品检出隐孢子虫;在10条河流中有2条(20%)检出贾地鞭毛虫,32个采样点的4个点(12.5%)的样品中检出贾地鞭毛虫。     

植物蛋白对干酪凝乳特性的影响

研究3种植物蛋白对干酪凝乳特性的影响,从而选出1种最佳的植物蛋白.从3种干酪的凝乳特性(凝乳时间、凝乳强度、乳清OD值)和干酪凝块的质构特性(弹性、黏聚性、咀嚼性)2方面进行对比分析,并对干酪凝块的感官品质进行模糊评判.结果表明:添加豌豆蛋白制得的干酪品质优于其他两种.     

天然胶乳微生物凝固菌种的筛选鉴定及其凝固性能的研究

用划线分离的方法从天然胶乳中分离出106株细菌,再从中初筛出16株产酸菌,并通过不同产酸菌对天然胶乳凝固效果复筛实验,最终筛选出3株凝固效果较好的菌种,分别命名为NRC1、NRC2与NRC3。实验结果表明：此3株菌都能有效缩短天然胶乳的凝固时间,并且在凝固过程中具有臭味小,发胀不明显等特d点;单菌种微生物凝固NR和酸凝固NR的性能对比,具有快速塑性值较大,塑性保持率稍低,拉伸性能好等特点。测定3株细菌的16SrDNA序列,并对其进行分子鉴定。结果表明：NRC1与NRC3为克雷伯氏菌属（Klebsiella）,NRC2为变形杆菌属（Proteus）,均属于肠杆菌科。     

MgFe类水滑石法强化混凝深度处理猪场尾水及混凝污泥特性研究

为了深度处理经二级生化处理后的猪场尾水,采用Mg Fe类水滑石法强化混凝猪场尾水。考察了不同pH值、Mg与Fe摩尔配比[n(Mg∶Fe)]等混凝条件对猪场尾水常规指标以及其中微量重金属[Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Cr(Ⅵ)]和兽用抗生素(磺胺甲基异恶脞,SMX)等去除效果的影响,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和傅立叶转换红外(FTIR)等技术对混凝污泥特性进行分析,制备了催化材料,进行了混凝污泥资源化利用初探。结果表明:当猪场尾水初始pH6.5时,TP、浊度和Cr(Ⅵ)去除率分别在95%、80%和35%以上。当初始pH值进一步调节至大于8.0时,MgFe类水滑石对Zn~(2+)和Cu~(2+)去除率可达85%以上,对SMX去除率在75%以上;Mg与Fe摩尔配比对各水质指标去除效果影响不大。混凝污泥主要形成的矿物相有类水滑石与磷酸铁矿物。通过煅烧混凝污泥制备高级氧化催化剂,发现在相同过硫酸氢钾(PMS)投加量的条件下,700℃限氧热解混凝污泥制得的催化剂比同条件下利用人工合成MgFe类水滑石制得的催化剂具有更高的催化活性。研究结果可为养猪处理废水与混凝污泥资源化利用研究提供支持。     

Association of admission plasma D-dimer concentration with diagnosis and outcome in horses with colic

Background: Coagulopathies detected in horses with gastrointestinal problems seem to be associated with poor outcome. Plasma D‐Dimer concentration is a sensitive test for assessing coagulopathies. Hypothesis: Plasma D‐Dimer concentration tested on admission is related to diagnosis and outcome in horses with colic. Animals: Four hundred and ninety three horses referred for evaluation of abdominal pain. Methods: Prospective observational clinical study. Horses were grouped according to diagnosis (medical and surgical intestinal obstructions, ischemic disorders with and without intestinal resection, enteritis, peritonitis), outcome (survivors, nonsurvivors), and number of coagulopathies (normal profile, 1 or 2 coagulopathies, subclinical disseminated intravascular coagulation [DIC]). Blood samples were collected on admission and plasma D‐Dimer concentration, clotting times (PT and aPTT), and antithrombin activity were determined. Positive likelihood ratios (LR+) were calculated for evaluation of D‐Dimer cut‐off values, which were later tested in a logistic regression model. Results: Horses with enteritis or peritonitis had significantly (P < .001) higher plasma D‐Dimer concentrations and more severe coagulopathies on admission than horses with other diagnoses. Nonsurvivors also had significantly (P < .001) higher plasma D‐Dimer concentrations at presentation than did survivors, and those horses with subclinical DIC on presentation had an odds ratio (OR) 8.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3–22.5, P < .001) for nonsurvival. Finally, D‐Dimer concentrations >4,000 ng/mL had a LR+ of 5.9 and an OR 8.8 (95% CI, 4.5–17.1, P < .001) for nonsurvival. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Plasma D‐Dimer concentration measured on admission can be used to facilitate diagnosis and outcome prediction in horses with colic. A potential cut‐off value for nonsurvival was found at approximately 4,000 ng/mL.