Comparison of bupivacaine femoral and sciatic nerve block versus bupivacaine and morphine epidural for stifle surgery in dogs

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of combined femoral and sciatic nerve blocks as an alternative to epidural anesthesia and analgesia in dogs undergoing stifle surgery under general anesthesia.Study designProspective, blinded, randomized, clinical comparison.AnimalsTwenty dogs weighing 37 ± 11 (mean ± SD) kg, aged 3 (1–8) [median (minimum–maximum)] years undergoing elective unilateral tibial-plateau leveling osteotomy.MethodsDogs were assigned randomly to receive either epidural anesthesia (bupivacaine 0.5%, 0.5 mg kg^?1 + morphine 0.1%, 0.1 mg kg^?1, in 0.2 mL kg^?1; EPID) or femoral and sciatic nerve blocks (Bupivacaine 0.5%, 0.1 mL kg^?1, was administered at each site; F + S) guided by electrolocation. All patients received a standard general anesthesia technique. Pain and sedation were scored (on scales of 0–10 and 0–3, respectively) pre-operatively, at extubation, and at 1, 4 and then every 4 hours thereafter up to 24 hours. Postoperatively, hydromorphone was administered to any patient with a pain score of >5 or whenever the blinded caregiver determined that more hydromorphone was necessary. Intraoperative heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), end tidal isoflurane (FE′ISO), body temperature, post-operative pain scores, time to first hydromorphone dose after surgery, time to first feeding, time to first drinking, time to first urination, time to first ambulation (walk on a lead) and cumulative dose of hydromorphone were recorded.ResultsIntra-operatively, FE′ISO and MAP were significantly lower in the EPID group (p = 0.05 and p = 0.04, respectively). Postoperatively, the cumulative hydromorphone consumption (p = 0.04) and the incidence of urinary retention (p = 0.03) were higher in the EPID group.Conclusion and clinical relevance F + S is a practical alternative to EPID that produces less urine retention and reduces opioid consumption in the 24 hours after surgery. EPID might be associated with a lower isoflurane requirement and lower systemic blood pressure.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒垂直传播及其危害研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染引起的繁殖障碍在妊娠早期表现为母猪受胎率低、不规律返情及孕早期流产;怀孕后半期流产、早产,产死胎、木乃伊胎及弱仔等。先天感染的仔猪抵抗继发感染的能力低,可持续排毒并感染周围的阴性动物。PRRSV穿过胎盘屏障感染胎儿很可能是经巨噬细胞/单核细胞介导的,并在母胎界面造成病理损伤,病毒在胎儿着床点的复制可能是导致胎儿死亡和母猪流产的原因。预防PRRSV垂直传播必须控制母猪感染PRRSV,缩短已感染母猪的病毒血症持续时间,此外,通过生物安全、限制猪群流动和严格的消毒措施控制水平传播,通过疫苗免疫和药物保健消除易感动物。作者概述了妊娠各阶段母猪感染PRRSV发生垂直传播的情况及其后续的繁殖障碍。     

规模养蚕新技术的研究Ⅰ.大棚养蚕温湿度对蚕茧产质量的影响

试验调查了大棚养蚕春、夏大蚕期与蔟中的温湿度变化,以探索有利于大棚养蚕的饲养技术与小气候调节技术.棚内温湿度变化对蚕茧产质量的影响比较分析表明,春期5龄后期和上蔟初期,35～38.8℃的高温对蚕茧产质量有较大影响;夏蚕期棚内温度明显高于春蚕期,最高超过40℃,连续高温持续时间长,昼夜温差大.根据春、夏期不同的气候特点,春期大棚上蔟初期要重点进行降温排湿,夏期重点进行降温.     

Expression of the high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) and A2 (HMGA2) genes in canine lymphoma: analysis of 23 cases and comparison to control cases

Overexpression of high mobility group A (HMGA) genes was described as a prognostic marker in different human malignancies, but its role in canine haematopoietic malignancies was unknown so far. The objective of this study was to analyse HMGA1 and HMGA2 gene expression in lymph nodes of canine lymphoma patients. The expression of HMGA1 and HMGA2 was analysed in lymph node samples of 23 dogs with lymphoma and three control dogs using relative quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR. Relative quantity of HMGA1 was significantly higher in dogs with lymphoma compared with reference samples. HMGA2 expression did not differ between lymphoma and control dogs. With the exception of immunophenotype, comparison of disease parameters did not display any differences in HMGA1 and HMGA2 expression. The present findings indicate a role of HMGA genes in canine lymphoma. This study represents the basis for future veterinary and comparative studies dealing with their diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic values.     

解读涉牧违法行为涉嫌犯罪的主要罪名

畜牧兽医部门执法人员在行政执法过程中对涉牧违法行为是否涉嫌犯罪和涉嫌何种犯罪的把握,是能否依法、及时向刑事司法机关移送案件、加大对涉牧违法犯罪的打击力度的关键因素。本文依据《中华人民共和国刑法》、相关司法解释和相关法律法规,对畜牧兽医部门在行政执法过程中可能遇到的涉嫌犯罪案件3大类12个主要罪名进行了归纳和解读,可为畜牧兽医行政执法更好地与刑事司法衔接提供参考。     

高原型牦母牛生产周期中体况评分变化监测

对240头牦母牛进行为期一年的体况评分监测,发现牦母牛体况变化与草地饲草的供给状况相一致,牦母牛体况变化基本规律为暖季表现为快速上膘,冷季呈现逐步消耗。体况评分最低的时期为5~6月份,最高在10月和11月份。体况消长变化呈现两年一周期的模式。     

Divergence of a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during an outbreak of ovine mastitis

Bacterial infections causing mastitis in sheep can result in severe economic losses for farmers. A large survey of milk samples from ewes with mastitis in Sardinia, Italy, indicated an increasing prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. It has been shown previously that during chronic, biofilm-associated infections P. aeruginosa populations diversify. We report the phenotypic and genomic characterisation of two clonal P. aeruginosa isolates (PSE305 and PSE306) from a mastitis infection outbreak, representing distinct colony morphology variants. In addition to pigment production, PSE305 and PSE306 differed in phenotypic characteristics including biofilm formation, utilisation of various carbon and nitrogen sources, twitching motility. We found higher levels of expression of genes associated with biofilm formation (pelB) and twitching motility (flgD) in PSE305, compared to the biofilm and twitching-defective PSE306. Comparative genomics analysis revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and minor insertion/deletion variations between PSE305 and PSE306, including a SNP mutation in the pilP gene of PSE306. By introducing a wild-type pilP gene we were able to partially complement the defective twitching motility of PSE306. There were also three larger regions of difference between the two genomes, indicating genomic instability. Hence, we have demonstrated that P. aeruginosa population divergence can occur during an outbreak of mastitis, leading to significant variations in phenotype and genotype, and resembling the behaviour of P. aeruginosa during chronic biofilm-associated infections.     

Assessment of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay based diagnostic kits (Toxokit-G and Toxokit-M) for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in human serum

An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using penicillinase was developed in the form of diagnostic kits (Toxokit-G and Toxokit-M) for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. The performance of both the kits was compared with commercially available diagnostic kits, i.e. Enzygnost-Toxoplasmosis/IgG (Behring Co., Germany), TOXOTEK-G (Flow Lab., U.K.) and Toxoplasma IgM Microassay (Diamedix Corp., U.S.A.) by testing toxoplasma-suspected human serum samples. The results indicate a good reliability between these diagnostic kits. Toxokit-G has 86.66 and 96.05% sensitivity and specificity respectively. The main advantage of Toxokit-G is that the end result can be assessed visually without using sophisticated instruments. Toxokit-M has 100% sensitivity and specificity and test results were not affected by the presence of antitoxoplasma IgG antibodies, rheumatoid factor or antinuclear antibodies.     

《青海畜牧兽医杂志》（1992—1998）论文及作者统计分析

用文献计量方法对《青海畜牧兽医杂志》国内外公开发行后７年间所刊载的论文及其作者进行了统计分析与探讨。主要项目有：论文数量及年度分布、论文学科内容分布、论文地域分布、论文机构分布、单位平均产文量、论文合著率、作者数量及地区分布、作者系统及单位分布、作者个人发文量、作者及单位合作度等。另外还确定出《杂志》１９９２～１９９８年的核心作者和核心单位。     

水貂Mustla Vison微量血DNA的提取与纯化

作者通过采取活体水貂少量血液 ( 5 0 μL) ,利用蛋白酶K消化 ,酚、氯仿法抽取DNA ,结果测量获得的数据和曲线表明 :用 5 0～ 5 0 0 μL冻存血可以获得具有一定纯度和数量的DNA ,完全可以满足RAPD分析的PCR反应所需