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991.
992.
1984—1987年在湖南桔园进行了综防对策、化防对策和自控(不采取任何人为的防治措施)等处理对柑桔主要害虫——糠片蚧种群影响的比较研究。综防区采用综合措施,刷洗主干,释放部分天敌,剪去蚧虫为害严重的枝条,冬季和夏季分别施用一次松脂合剂和矿油乳剂;化防区按常规每年喷药5—6次;结果表明:综防区全年虫口密度与化防区相近,两者均显著低于自控区;综防区糠片蚧蚜小蜂等寄生性天敌未受到明显的损害,捕食性蓟马、钝绥螨等捕食性天敌明显多于自控区;其它非生物致死因子对幼蚧的作用大于化防区,果实出口率自1986年起亦较化防区显著上升。自控区糠片蚧未得到控制,果实出口率较化防区降低13.3%—29.8%。化防区各种天敌的作用均显著下降,农药残留亦高。除自控区和化防区柑桔全爪螨为害较重外,其它害虫在各区的为害均处于较低的水平。文章还评价了在三种处理区致死因子对糠片蚧种群趋势指数的作用。 相似文献
993.
Chrysantus N. Akem 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1995,101(2):183-187
Soybean cultivar Samsoy 1, and the breeding lines TGx 849-313D and TGx 996-26E, grown in a field with a heavy epidemic of frogeye leaf spot caused byCercospora sojina, were treated with double foliar applications of the fungicide benomyl. The treatments were made using four application schedules at six different growth stages, starting from V3 (fully developed leaves, beginning with trifoliate nodes) to R5 (beginning seed_, to determine the effect of the fungucide timing on frogeye leaf spot severity, soybean grain yield and grain quality. Generally, applications at R1 (beginning bloom) and R3 (beginning pod) significantly (P<-0.05) reduced disease severity in the 2 susceptible genotypes, Samsoy 1 and TGx 849-313D. Plot yields of these genotypes were also significantly greater than the untreated controls when the fungicide applications were made at R1 and R3. There was no significant difference in diseave severity or grain yield, between the untreated control and the different times of application, on the resistant genotype TGx 996-26E. Improved seed germination and lower levels of seed infection byC. sojina occurred for all fungicide timings in the susceptible genotypes. The results suggest that fungicide spraying initiated at R1 and followed up at R3 is most effective in frogeye leaf spot control and can also result in higher grain yields, than applications made earlier or later in the season. Control of frogeye leaf spot, however, is best achieved by growing resistant cultivars. 相似文献
994.
The pea leafminer,Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), recently introduced into Israel, has proven to be extremely proliferous and difficult to control. It is a much
more serious pest of vegetable and flower crops than the previously introducedLiriomyza trifolii (Burgess). Photosynthesis is reduced and cosmetic damage is incurred when adult flies stipple plant leaves with feeding punctures
and larvae mine the leaves. This paper will review briefly the history, biology and potential control measures of the pea
leafminer. 相似文献
995.
The dose-response curve was quantified for the avian repellency of cinnamamide, a derivative of the plant secondary compound cinnamic acid, using a three-day, ‘short-term no-choice’ test. This test was designed to resemble more closely the availability of alternative food in the birds' natural environment than in previous no-choice studies. Cinnamamide reduced food consumption by feral pigeons (Columba livia Gmelin) at concentrations as low as 6.17 μmole g?1 food (0.09% w/w) and this reduction increased with concentration. An R50 index, the concentration at which food consumption was reduced by 50% was interpolated from the dose-response curve as 18.4 (±0.38) μmole g?1 food 10.26% w/w). This index can now be matched with those of related compounds in future structure-activity studies. The birds' response to cinnamamide changed over the three-day trial with respect to concentration. Repellency declined at concentrations < R50 and increased at concentrations > R50. This suggests that pigeons become habituated to cinnamamide at low concentrations but at high concentrations they may develop a conditioned aversion. This study provides quantitative confirmation of previous laboratory and field demonstrations of cinnamamide's effectiveness as a non-lethal chemical repellent suitable for reducing avian pest damage. 相似文献
996.
A. Bertaccini J. Fránová S. Paltrinieri M. Martini M. Navrátil C. Lugaresi J. Nebesárová M. Simkova 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(5):487-493
During the summer 1996, twelve of twenty-eight leek plants located in a garden near eské Budjovice, South Bohemia exhibited symptoms typical of diseases associated with phytoplasmas. In summer 1998 similar symptoms were detected in leek plants in a field used for seed production located in Romagna, North Italy. In both cases the plants were established in the spring of the previous year. Plants showed flower abnormalities: stamen elongation, anther sterility, pistil proliferation, as well as poor, if any, seed production. Phytoplasma-like structures were detected by scanning and transmission electron microscopy in phloem sieve elements in the Czech diseased plants, but not in healthy ones. Nested-PCR amplifications of extracted DNA with phytoplasma-specific oligonucleotide primer pairs confirmed the presence of phytoplasmas in these plants at low concentrations. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of amplified ribosomal sequences allowed the identification of detected phytoplasmas: all the samples from the Czech Republic contained aster yellows related phytoplasmas (16SrI-B) while in the Italian samples aster yellows related phytoplasmas (16SrI-B) together with stolbur related phytoplasmas (16SrXII-A) were identified. This is the first report of detection and identification of a phytoplasma disease of leek in the Czech Republic and Italy. 相似文献
997.
两株气单胞菌的分离与鉴定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从福建省某牛蛙养殖场病死牛蛙和某鸭场病死鸭体内分离到两株细菌,检验结果表明,两株分离菌均为有运动力的革兰氏阴性杆菌。根据其临床症状、细菌培养特性、生化特性、动物回归试验以及溶血试验等一系列试验,研究证明牛蛙感染的病原为嗜水气单胞菌,鸭感染的病原为温和气单胞菌。 相似文献
998.
荔枝霜疫霉(Peronophythora litchii)隶属于茸鞭生物界卵菌门疫霉属,由其引起的荔枝霜疫病是目前荔枝生产上一种最重要的病害,严重影响荔枝产量和鲜果品质。双组分信号途径在微生物中参与多种生命活动,但是在卵菌中尚未有相关研究。本研究通过生物信息学分析在荔枝霜疫霉中鉴定到2个杂合型组氨酸激酶(PlHK1、PlHK2)和1个响应调控蛋白(PlRR1)。其在卵菌中是保守存在的,并且与真菌在进化上相对独立。功能域分析表明,PlHK1和PlHK2的C端额外的融合了1个磷酸转移功能域(Hpt),这与真菌和植物的存在显著差异。转录分析表明3个基因在荔枝霜疫霉侵染阶段上调表达,并且响应渗透胁迫和氧化胁迫。以上结果揭示了双组分信号系统可能在疫霉致病过程中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
999.
Gengmei?Xing Jun?Zhang Jing?Liu Xiaoyan?Zhang Genxuan?WangEmail author Yafu?Wang 《Phytoparasitica》2003,31(5):499-514
The impacts of elevated CO2 and soil water on the population dynamics, adult fecundity and nymphal period of the bird cherry-oat aphidRhopalsiphum padi (Linnaeus) were evaluated in three experiments: (i)Combined effects of CO
2
and soil water on aphid populations. Spring wheat was grown in pots at three CO2 concentrations (350, 550 and 700 ppm) and three soil water levels (40%, 60% and 80% of field water capacity, FWC) in field
open-top chambers (OTC) and infested with the bird cherry-oat aphid. Aphid population dynamics were recorded throughout the
growing season; at the same time, adult fecundity and duration of the nymphal period were recorded. Chemical composition of
spring wheat leaves was also analyzed. (ii)Indirect effects of CO
2
concentrations and soil water on aphid adult fecundity and nymphal period. The experiment was conducted with the leaf discs method in the laboratory. Aphids were reared on leaf discs excised from
the treated wheat in OTC with different CO2 and soil water levels. (iii)Direct effects of CO
2
concentrations on aphid adult fecundity and nymphal period. Aphids were reared on leaf discs excised from the wheat grown under natural conditions. The experiment was conducted with
the leaf disc method in OTC with the three CO2 concentrations. It was found that the direct effect of CO2 concentration on aphid population parameters was minor. CO2 and soil water affected aphid population indirectly through their effects on wheat characteristics. The aphid population
under 550 ppm CO2 was far larger than the one under 350 ppm CO2, whereas the population under 700 ppm CO2 was slightly higher than that under 550 ppm CO2. The largest aphid population was obtained with the 60% soil water treatment, regardless of CO2 treatment. The effects of CO2 concentration on aphid population were, however, not significantly correlated with soil water level. Adult fecundity increased
with CO2 concentration, the highest fecundity being achieved under 60% FWC treatments. The nymphal period was not affected by CO2 concentration. The shortest period occurred under 60% FWC. Atmospheric CO2 and soil water had significant effects on the chemical composition of the wheat leaves. Aphid population size was positively
correlated with leaf water content, concentrations of soluble proteins, soluble carbohydrates and starch, and negatively correlated
with DIMBOA and tannins concentrations.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Oct. 20, 2003. 相似文献
1000.