超星发现系统对高校图书馆文献传递服务的影响及对策分析

对超星发现系统的优势进行了分析,进一步分析了超星发现系统对今后文献传递的影响,最后通过加强特色资源建设及资源共享,加强资源整合与文献传递服务的统一,加强人员培训,加强宣传力度等方面对高校图书馆文献传递服务今后的发展提出了对策。     

Disentangling the proximate factors of deforestation: The case of the Monarch butterfly Biosphere Reserve in Mexico

Understanding the causes of environmental degradation can lead to more effective forest management. Often, the discussion about the causes of deforestation confuses issues across spatial and temporal scales. Such is the case in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR) in Mexico where various hypotheses compete to explain the deforestation observed there. This paper analyzes these hypotheses using the analytical approaches developed by the literature on environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. This paper first distinguishes between proximate factors and underlying socioeconomic forces. It then reviews recent deforestation studies to evaluate the relative impact of each proximate factor observed in the MBBR. Illegal logging stands out as the factor with the most empirical support. In contrast, agricultural clearing, while frequently cited as major driver of forest loss, has much less empirical backing. These conclusions update the deforestation diagnosis for this protected area and suggest that more attention should be directed at understanding the illicit timber trade. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Inferring phenotypic causal structure among farrowing and weaning traits in pigs

Direct selection for litter size or weight at weaning in pigs is often hindered by external interventions such as cross‐fostering. The objective of this study was to infer the causal structure among phenotypes of reproductive traits in pigs to enable subsequent direct selection for these traits. Examined traits included: number born alive (NBA), litter size on day 21 (LS21), and litter weight on day 21 (LW21). The study included 6,240 litters from 1,673 Landrace dams and 5,393 litters from 1,484 Large White dams. The inductive causation (IC) algorithm was used to infer the causal structure, which was then fitted to a structural equation model (SEM) to estimate causal coefficients and genetic parameters. Based on the IC algorithm and temporal and biological information, the causal structure among traits was identified as: NBA → LS21 → LW21 and NBA → LW21. Owing to the causal effect of NBA on LS21 and LW21, the genetic, permanent environmental, and residual variances of LS21 and LW21were much lower in the SEM than in the multiple‐trait model for both breeds. Given the strong effect of NBA on LS21 and LW21, the SEM and causal information might assist with selective breeding for LS21 and LW21 when cross‐fostering occurs.     

Across-breed validation study confirms and identifies new loci associated with sexual precocity in Brahman and Nellore cattle

The aim of this study was to identify candidate regions associated with sexual precocity in Bos indicus. Nellore and Brahman were set as validation and discovery populations, respectively. SNP selected in Brahman to validate in Nellore were from gene regions affecting reproductive traits (G1) and significant SNP (p ≤ 10^–3) from a meta-analysis (G2). In the validation population, early pregnancy (EP) and scrotal circumference (SC) were evaluated. To perform GWAS in validation population, we used regression and Bayes C. SNP with p ≤ 10^–3 in regression and Bayes factor ≥3 in Bayes C were deemed significant. Significant SNP (for EP or SC) or SNP in their ±250 Kb vicinity region, which were in at least one discovery set (G1 or G2), were considered validated. SNP identified in both G1 and G2 were considered candidate. For EP, 145 SNP were validated in G1 and 41 in G2, and for SC, these numbers were 14 and 2. For EP, 21 candidate SNP were detected (G1 and G2). For SC, no candidate SNP were identified. Validated SNP and their vicinity region were located close to quantitative trait loci or genes related to reproductive traits and were enriched in gene ontology terms related to reproductive success. These are therefore strong candidate regions for sexual precocity in Nellore and Brahman.     

现代图书馆人

文章从图书馆是一个服务性学术机构及图书馆所具有的四大功能出发 ,论述了在知识经济时代 ,面向 2 1世纪的现代图书馆人应当是知识的发现者 ,知识的传播者和知识的管理者     

基于MEDLINE的非相关文献知识发现

 

介绍了非相关文献知识发现法的概念及应用情况,以及人机交互系统ARROWSMITH的作用和操作过程;以图示的方式详尽地描述了在MEDLINE数据库中应用ARROWSMITH系统进行非相关文献的知识发现。认为非相关文献知识发现方法为情报研究和情报检索开辟了更广阔的研究领域,为情报学指明了新的研究方向,赋予情报学更加强大的生命力。

     

Construction and analysis of knowledge graphs for multi-source heterogeneous data of soil pollution

The decommissioning and overall relocation of urban industrial enterprises have generated a large number of decommissioned contaminated sites, and the leftover soil pollution is gradually becoming a major problem that restricts urban green development and damages human health. Deep mining and efficient management of site soil pollution information through digitization and informatization are needed to solve these problems more accurately and efficiently. Knowledge mapping for visual analysis of relevant pathways is a forward-looking approach in soil contamination management that does not require complex testing instruments, thus saving research manpower, time and cost. Data associated with contaminated sites come from a wide range of sources and have different structures. Through the natural language processing technology of computer, suitable methods such as entity recognition, relationship recognition and knowledge fusion are selected to extract various types of information from contaminated sites and establish semantic networks for fast targeting of soil contamination sources, thus providing a more convenient solution. In this paper, we propose a knowledge graph construction method for multi-source heterogeneous data of contaminated sites, find sulphide contamination sources through visual analysis of knowledge graph and explore the application prospects of natural language processing techniques such as knowledge graph in contaminated site management.     

基于TRIZ理论围框机铲边成型装置的创新设计

为解决现有围框机铲边成型工位成型纸框品质问题,利用发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)建立功能模型,因果链分析对成型纸框品质问题进行分析,找出其根本问题,通过运用TRIZ中的解题工具,得到解决方案模型,并进行方案评估。将评估后最优方案进行实验验证,小面纸空边问题得到解决,面纸包边合格率达到99%。基于TRIZ理论中的工具得到解决方案,并通过方案评估,得到最优方案,对围框机成型折边工位优化设计提供了理论参考依据,是解决实际问题的有效方法。     

金氏幽灵蛛的雌性新发现(蜘蛛目:幽灵蛛科)

对金氏幽灵蛛(PholcuskimiSongetZhu,1994)进行了再描述,其中雌性为新发现。标本保存在河北大学生命科学学院。文中测量单位为mm。     

Deep‐sequencing revealed Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) as a highly aggressive pathogen on hop

Newly emerging or re‐emerging diseases are a constant and significant threat to agricultural production, so prompt and accurate identification of the causative agents is required for rapid and appropriate disease management. Classical methods of pathogen detection can be successfully supplemented by next‐generation sequencing (NGS), whereby sequence analysis can help in the discovery of new or emerging diseases. In 2007, hop growers in Slovenia reported the appearance of severely stunted hop plants, a phenomenon that spread rapidly within hop gardens and among farms. Classical diagnostic methods were unable to detect a new pathogen; therefore, single step high‐throughput parallel sequencing of total RNA and small RNAs from plants with and without symptoms was employed to identify a novel pathogen. The sequences were assembled de novo and also mapped to reference genomes, resulting in identification of a novel sequence of Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) in the stunted hop plants. Furthermore, the presence of this novel pathogen on hop was confirmed by RT‐PCR analysis of 59 plants with symptoms from 15 hop gardens, representing the main outbreak locations identified by systematic disease monitoring, and small RNA Illumina sequencing of the bulked RNA sample. The high infectivity of the newly identified CBCVd was also confirmed by biolistic inoculation of two hop cultivars, which developed aggressive symptoms in controlled conditions. This study shows the feasibility of deep sequencing for the identification of causative agents of new diseases in hop and other plants.