风力机及其零部件载荷的确定方法

大型水平轴风力机运行在复杂的自然环境中，所受载荷情况非常复杂。根据风力机系统的结构形式、运动特点和计算需要，建立了一个四坐标系系统。在这个坐标系系统下，研究了风力机主要载荷的计算方法，并且将这些载荷分别在各坐标系进行叠加，进而讨论了风力机主要零部件载荷的确定方法。     

任意曲线坐标系下二维浅水方程的数值模拟

采用拟合边界曲线的方法来构造天然河道、湖泊、港口河口以及海湾的复杂边界问题,建立任意正交曲线网格以克服由于复杂边界而引起的计算困难.在此基础上,推导出任意曲线坐标系下的二维浅水方程、湍流动能方程和湍流动能耗散方程;应用有限差分方法对该方程组进行数值离散,并用交错方向隐式格式实现在计算区域内对任意曲线坐标系下的二维浅水方程进行数值求解.为了验证在任意曲线坐标系下二维浅水方程数值求解方法的可靠性、正确性,以DeVriend的180°平面弯道水槽试验物理模型为例进行数值模拟,结果表明,数值计算的结果和DeVriend的试验结果相当吻合,最大绝对误差值约为10^-2,因此,数值计算方法合理可行,可为任意复杂边界的天然河道、湖泊等水域的水动力研究提供有效的计算方法.     

基于CCD超站仪的森林样地建立与精测方法研究

为了能够快捷、精准地进行固定样地定位和样木胸径测量,提出一种利用CCD超站仪按测带进行像对观测的方法,在GPS/RTK确定或假定的观测点上架设仪器,借助全站仪坐标测量和角度测量功能精确记录CCD摄影瞬间的外方位元素,并确定出其他观测点坐标,选择合适基线长建立像对进行观测,提取目标位置的相对三维坐标,以"S"形路线按测带进行测量,配合少量的人工补测和相关坐标系的旋转变换,实现森林固定样地精准建立和胸径精测的目的。通过实地测试,表明利用该方法能够以较少的站点实现固定样地的建立,并将图像解算的胸径值与实地调查值进行对比,其平均相对误差为3.9%,解算均方根误差为1.2 cm。该方法在森林样地建立中有较好的应用前景。     

超级稻精密播种点位控制技术研究

设计了机械臂式点位控制补种机构,并基于Lab VIEW提取空穴坐标,确定空穴位置。对种头运动轨迹进行组合优化算法研究,对穷举法、最近邻点策略及最短链接策略3种算法进行了3种轨迹优化试验。试验结果表明:3种算法各自绘制出的运动图形轨迹与给出的空穴位置相吻合,均能够完成精密播种的点位控制;且穷举法运行时间短,编程简单,结果精确,输出距离短,确定为最优运动轨迹算法。     

Estimation of taper curve using stand variables and sample tree measurements

The aim of the study was to develop methods for estimating the taper curves for trees tallied in a forest inventory. The average stem form in a stand was described by the principal components of the stand effects in the stem dimensions measured in the polar coordinate system. Measurements of diameter at breast height, diameter at a height of 6 meters, and height taken from trees on the sample tree plots were used for determining the first four principal components. Regression models were derived to predict the principal components from the site and growing stock variables. These models were used to estimate the taper curves of the tallied trees. Use of the principal components estimated by the regression models gave less reliable results than use of the principal component estimates based on measurement of the height of one randomly chosen tree on the sample plot. The best result was found with combined use of the principal component estimates and one height measurement per sample plot.     

Evaluation of aggregate stability of Haplic Stagnosols using dynamic light scattering,phase analysis light scattering and color coordinates

Dynamic light scattering and phase analysis light scattering have been used to study organo-clay complexes and aggregate stability of Haplic Stagnosols depending on land use. The study of agricultural soils afforested for 45 years showed that the value of the effective diameter of organo-clay complexes slightly decreased compared to that in arable soil but remains still higher than that in the forest soil. Multiple linear regression statistical models were developed to predict the effective diameter of the particles. The best model (r = 0.95), where all parameters were significant (P < 0.05), included the clay content, clay carbon concentration, total iron (Fe_t) and soil color coordinates (L*, a*, b*). In the upper horizons, the effective diameter depends on the organic matter content, whereas iron oxides with surfaced position play the main role in the underlying horizons. Intensive tillage moves the colloidal system to coagulation and after withdrawal of arable Haplic Stagnosol from the agricultural production, the colloidal system tends to restore its peptization stability. However, it should be noted that the afforestation period (45 years) of arable Haplic Stagnosols is not enough for a full recovery of organo-clay complexes peptization stability.     

坐标法水平位移监测点位移量的计算方法

指出了随着测绘仪器及测绘科学技术的发展,工程建设项目的变形监测大多采用GNSS静态测量法、高精度全站仪极坐标法、导线测量法获取位移点的坐标。针对边坡倾向或基坑侧壁不平行于施工坐标系轴向的监测点,不能直接获得该点在滑动方向上的水平位移偏移量,推导了一种针对不规则的弯曲边坡、与施工坐标系轴向成任意角度的边坡或基坑侧壁监测点的水平位移量求解方法。     

在公路工程建设中如何应用极坐标法进行桥梁测量

本文介绍了在公路工程建设中如何应用极坐标进行桥梁测量的方法。     

完整系统三阶Lagrange方程的一种推导与讨论

从牛顿运动方程出发,推导了完整系统关于广义加速度的Lagrange方程.讨论了该方程与传统分析力学中的Lagrange方程的相容性问题.结果显示,三阶Lagrange方程可以通过对Lagrange方程求一阶时间导数得到,表明它们是相容的.因此三阶Lagrange方程提供了一种不同于传统Lagrange方程方法的求解物体运动方程的途径.     

基于地理坐标参数的SAR图像自动概略配准法

提出了一种新的基于地理坐标参数的SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)图像自动概略配准方法.该方法利用SAR图像的地理坐标(经纬度)参数,用多项式拟合主辅图像中像元的地理坐标随其图像坐标的变化,首先得到主图像中心像元地理坐标值,然后在辅图像中找到某个像元,其地理坐标等于主图像中心像元的地理坐标,此辅图像中像元的图像坐标与主图像中心像元的图像坐标之差即为概略配准的偏移量.用真实的SAR数据研究证明,本文提出的方法运算速度快,配准精度高.