利用SSR分子标记分析云南陆稻品种遗传多样性

 利用24对SSR引物对云南131个陆稻品种进行遗传多样性分析。共检测到195个等位基因。每个位点的等位基因数平均为8.125个,范围在5(RM55)～13(RM218、RM241)之间;平均表观杂合度为0.0014,平均期望杂合度为0.6545;平均Shannon Weaver指数(I)为1.381;Nei基因多样性指数(H)平均为0.6543,变幅为0.2073(RM235)～0.8689(RM218)。不同地区间陆稻种质资源遗传多样性比较分析表明,滇西南和滇南地区存在丰富的遗传变异,是云南陆稻品种遗传多样性的分布中心。藏缅语族和孟 高棉语族所种植的陆稻品种遗传多样性最丰富。AMOVA分析表明陆稻的遗传变异主要存在于地区内品种间(82%),只有3%遗传变异存在于地区间,品种内的遗传变异占15%。聚类分析显示Nei遗传相似系数为0.22时,云南陆稻品种分为籼粳两个类群,主坐标分析与UPGMA聚类结果基本吻合,并将类群Ⅳ的4个偏籼品种从粳稻类群中重新划归到籼稻类群中,校正了UPGMA聚类的误差,但是不能区分地理组。     

复变函数可微的必要条件及证明

给出复变函数可微的必要条件并给与证明.     

Influence of skidder traffic and canopy removal intensities on the ground flora in a clearcut-with-reserves northern hardwood stand in Minnesota,USA

We investigated the effects of skidder traffic intensity, soil disturbance intensity, and canopy removal intensity on the richness, diversity, composition, and cover of the entire ground flora (woody and herbaceous vegetation ≤2 m tall), various individual life forms, invasive/noxious species, and species with different requirements with respect to moisture, nutrients, heat, and light (synecological coordinates) in a mesic northern hardwood stand 6 years after a clearcut-with-reserves regeneration harvest removed 50–100% of the canopy. Skidder traffic was restricted to a network of trails and a global positioning system (GPS) tracked skidder movement to quantify the number of passes at pre-established sampling points along the anticipated soil disturbance gradient on and off skid trails. Soil disturbance intensity within the top 15 cm of soil was quantified by relativized resistance to penetration (RRP) compared to untrafficked plots; post-harvest increases in RRP ranged from 81 to 272%. Regression analysis and ordination revealed a pattern of increasing difference from pre-disturbance composition with increasing skidder traffic (i.e., forest floor disturbance), with increased RRP (i.e., soil compaction) and (less so) canopy removal intensity. The ground flora shifted from interior forest species such as Anemone quiquefolia, Aralia nudicaulis, Clintonia borealis, Maianthemum canadense, and Oryzopsis asperifolia to more ruderal, invasive/noxious, and disturbed-forest species such as Aster lateriflorus, Cirsium spp., Phleum pretense, Rubus idaeus, and Trifolium spp. The relative resistance of the initial ground flora to change (inverse of the distances between pre- and post-harvest samples in ordination space) was nonlinearly related to skidder traffic intensity and linearly related to RRP, indicating that the largest compositional changes occurred with the first few passes of the skidder. Mean plot scores for the synecological coordinates revealed that the post-harvest species were on average less demanding of water and nutrients; the opposite was true for light. Plots exposed to less skidder traffic and RRP had higher herb cover and higher nutrient scores; those with more skidder traffic and higher RRP levels had higher shrub cover and higher light scores. We conclude that protection of the ground flora from forest floor and soil disturbance requires careful planning of skid trail networks. Concentrating skidder traffic to a designated skid trail system can result in less area disturbed and spatially connected networks of larger, untrafficked remnant forest patches that may maintain species that are sensitive to forest floor and soil disturbance.     

散乱点云局部点集最小包围盒快速求解算法

提出一种散乱点云局部点集最小包围盒快速求解算法,该算法采用主元分析方法对局部点集进行降维处理,将所降维度方向作为参考轴向,围绕该轴向旋转局部点集坐标系,并求解局部点集在各坐标系下的轴向包围盒,选择体积最小的作为该局部点集的最小包围盒,实例表明该算法在满足最小包围盒求解精度要求的同时,可显著提高算法的运行效率。     

Colour screening of whole meal flours and discrimination of seven Triticum subspecies

Whole meal flours from several Triticum subspecies and cropped in two different years were scored for carotenoid content as well as for CIE L*, a* and b* coordinates by a colorimeter and a spectrophotometer, and for colour (R, G, B, I), heterogeneity and texture parameters by image analysis to assess the power of the different approaches to discriminate the groups. The results demonstrate that the colour coordinates L* a* b*, and R, G, B, I are not determined by carotenoid content only. However multivariate approaches considering the absorbance spectra or the carotenoid content along with colour coordinates allowed a good separation of species and, in general, of subspecies. On the contrary, the GLMC image data did not lead to a clear discrimination among species and subspecies.     

极坐标法测设公路中线以外点

作者论述了怎样用极坐标法测设公路中线以外点。此法在实际工作中很有实用价值。     

Excel在导线测量计算中的应用

阐述电子表格软件Excel在罗盘仪闭合导线测量、极坐标导线测量、测绳丈量中的数据输入、角度格式转换、平差及面积计算等方法及步骤,并列出了相应函数和公式。结果认为,用Excel处理数据具有直观、美观,易于输入和修改,工作效率高,便于导入CAD或GIS软件环境等优点。     

完整系统三阶Lagrange方程的一种推导与讨论

从牛顿运动方程出发，推导了完整系统关于广义加速度的Lagrange方程.讨论了该方程与传统分析力学中的Lagrange方程的相容性问题.结果显示，三阶Lagrange方程可以通过对Lagrange方程求一阶时间导数得到，表明它们是相容的.因此三阶Lagrange方程提供了一种不同于传统Lagrange方程方法的求解物体运动方程的途径.     

风力机及其零部件载荷的确定方法

大型水平轴风力机运行在复杂的自然环境中，所受载荷情况非常复杂。根据风力机系统的结构形式、运动特点和计算需要，建立了一个四坐标系系统。在这个坐标系系统下，研究了风力机主要载荷的计算方法，并且将这些载荷分别在各坐标系进行叠加，进而讨论了风力机主要零部件载荷的确定方法。     

任意曲线坐标系下二维浅水方程的数值模拟

采用拟合边界曲线的方法来构造天然河道、湖泊、港口河口以及海湾的复杂边界问题,建立任意正交曲线网格以克服由于复杂边界而引起的计算困难.在此基础上,推导出任意曲线坐标系下的二维浅水方程、湍流动能方程和湍流动能耗散方程;应用有限差分方法对该方程组进行数值离散,并用交错方向隐式格式实现在计算区域内对任意曲线坐标系下的二维浅水方程进行数值求解.为了验证在任意曲线坐标系下二维浅水方程数值求解方法的可靠性、正确性,以DeVriend的180°平面弯道水槽试验物理模型为例进行数值模拟,结果表明,数值计算的结果和DeVriend的试验结果相当吻合,最大绝对误差值约为10^-2,因此,数值计算方法合理可行,可为任意复杂边界的天然河道、湖泊等水域的水动力研究提供有效的计算方法.