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1.
Differences in gas exchange parameters i.e. carbon exchange rate (CER), transpiration (Tr), water vapor conductance (g) were investigated, under a controlled environment, in a semi-dwarf (SD) Triticum aestivum line, its tall (TL) near isoline and the Payne (PA) variety characterized by small leaves. The plants were maintained in: (a) optimal substrate moisture condition (CTR); (b) salinized by watering with a 0.12 m NaCl solution (SLT); (c) water stressed by withholding waterings during a period of six days (STR); (d) stressed and salinized during the same period and with the same saline solution (S + S). CER and Tr were negatively affected by the stresses; SLT and S + S treatments had a higher WUE compared to their respective controls CTR and STR.
SD line had a better performance in terms of CER and WUE, particularly when water and salt stresses interacted. Leaf anatomy and assimilation/internal CO2 concentration curves contributed to explaining the SD performance.  相似文献   
2.
The temperature dependence of chemical reaction rates and microbial metabolism mean that temperature is a key factor regulating soil trace gas emissions and hydrochemistry. Here we evaluated a novel approach for studying the thermal response of soils, by examining the effects of temperature on gas emissions and hydrochemistry in (a) peat and (b) soil from a Sitka spruce plantation. A thermal gradient was applied along an aluminium bar, allowing soil to be incubated contemporaneously from 2 to 18 °C. The approach demonstrated clear differences in the biogeochemical responses of the two soil types to warming. The peat showed no significant emission of CH4 at temperatures below 6 °C, while above 6 °C, a marked increase in the rate of release was apparent up to 15 °C (Q10 = 2.5) with emissions being similar between 15 and 18 °C. Conversely, CH4 emissions from the forest soil did not respond to warming. Nitrate availability in the peat decreased by 90% between 2 and 18 °C (P < 0.01), whereas concentrations in the forest soil did not respond. Sulphate availability in the peat decreased significantly with warming (60%, P < 0.01), while the forest soil showed the opposite response (a 30% increase, P < 0.01). Conventionally, thermal responses are studied by incubating individual soil samples at different temperatures, involving lengthy preparation and facilities to incubate samples at different temperatures simultaneously. Data collected on a given thermal response is usually limited and thus interpolated or extrapolated. The thermal gradient method overcomes these problems, is simple and flexible, and can be adapted for a wide range of sample types (not confined to soil). Such apparatus may prove useful in the optimization of management practices to mitigate the effects of climate change, as thermal responses will differ depending on land use and soil type.  相似文献   
3.
为明确漏缝地板发酵床对育肥羊养殖过程氨(NH3)和温室气体排放特征的影响机制,本研究设置地面和漏缝地板发酵床两个试验处理,测定分析了育肥羊养殖过程NH3、氧化亚氮(N2O)、二氧化碳(CO2)和甲烷(CH4)的排放特征,并采用宏基因组学解析了影响上述气体排放的微生物学机理。试验结果表明,与地面相比,漏缝地板发酵床能够显著降低育肥羊养殖过程的NH3排放(P<0.05),其NH3排放速率为21.64~58.92 mg·m-2·h-1,NH3累积排放量为86.36±1.06 g·m-2,减排率达58.60%。漏缝地板发酵床同样也能显著降低育肥羊养殖过程的CH4排放速率(P<0.05),其CH4累积排放量为26.66 g·m-2,减排率可达64.42%。然而,漏缝地板发酵床会使得...  相似文献   
4.
燃烧室结构对天然气发动机燃烧过程的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
为了研究燃烧室结构对天然气发动机燃烧过程的影响,模拟了浅盆形和涡流室式燃烧室结构的天然气发动机的进气、压缩及燃烧过程。给出了2种不同结构燃烧室的燃烧持续期、燃烧过程中缸内气流运动、火焰前锋面位置等,并对2种燃烧室进行了试验对比。模拟计算及试验结果表明,通过涡流室喷孔的约束作用,可以改善已燃气体和未燃气体之间的传热传质模式,提高火焰传播速度。  相似文献   
5.
孙剑奇  孙德四  刘小风 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(21):12838-12839,12848
[目的]建立快速、简便、高灵敏度的检测硝基苯类化合物的方法。[方法]建立单液滴微萃取-毛细管气相色谱法(SDME-GC)测定水样中的硝基苯类化合物。以外标法测定了硝基苯、2-硝基甲苯、3-硝基甲苯、4-硝基甲苯、3-硝基氯苯的标准工作曲线方程、检出限、线性范围,并在相同实验条件下测定了实际工业废水样中上述硝基苯类化合物的含量、加标回收率范围及相对标准偏差范围。[结果]5种硝基苯类化合物检出限很低,最小能达到8.9×10-4μg/ml,且均在较宽的线性范围内表现出良好的线性关系(相关系数均在0.99以上)。该方法的回收率、相对标准偏差符合要求。[结论]单液滴微萃取一毛细管气相色谱法预处理快捷、环保、价廉且富集效果好,操作简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高、线性范围较宽。  相似文献   
6.
超高效液相色谱测定猪配合饲料中苯乙醇胺A的研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
研究建立了超高效液相色谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography,UPLC)—二极管阵列检测器(PDA)测定配合饲料中苯乙醇胺A的方法。通过应用0.1%甲酸甲醇溶液提取、混合阳离子固相萃取净化及样品基质校正外标定量方法进行测量。在优化条件下,苯乙醇胺A在0.1~20.0 mg/kg浓度范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数(R2)达到0.9945;在1.0、5.0、10.0 mg/kg等不同添加浓度下,方法回收率高于90.36%,变异系数低于5.98%;方法检测限为0.06 mg/kg,定量限为0.10 mg/kg。结果表明,该方法灵敏度高、精密度好、准确可靠且操作简单,能够满足配合饲料中苯乙醇胺A的测定需要。  相似文献   
7.
8.
Olive oil extraction generates olive cake (OC) that could be used in ruminant feeding. However, the chemical composition of OC is affected by multiple factors, being therefore highly variable. The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of storage time and further processing: crude, exhausted (subjected to a second oil extraction) and cyclone (obtained from a cyclone separator) on nutritive value of OC samples. Twelve samples (six crude and six exhausted) were obtained monthly from the same pond from 1 to 6 storage months, and nine samples (three crude, three exhausted and three cyclone) were obtained monthly from a different pond from 6 to 9 months storage. Chemical composition was analysed, and OC samples were fermented in vitro with sheep rumen fluid. Increasing storage time up to 6 months decreased sugars and total soluble polyphenols content but increased fibre content in OC. Dry matter effective degradability (DMED) decreased linearly (p < 0.001) by 35.9 and 45.5% as storage time augmented from 1 to 6 months for crude and exhausted OC, respectively. Crude OC had lower DMED values than exhausted OC (averaged values 0.255 and 0.294 g/g, respectively). Both potential production and rate of gas production were lower (p ≤ 0.018) in crude compared with exhausted OC, which was attributed to the high fat content of crude OC (≥86 g/kg dry matter). For samples stored longer than 6 months, cyclone had greater (p < 0.05) DMED than crude and exhausted OC (averaged values 0.207, 0.164 and 0.164 g/g, respectively). The results indicate that ruminal degradability of OC is reduced with advancing storage time, but only subtle changes were observed during the first two months. Cyclone showed greater degradability than crude and exhausted OC, but differences between crude and exhausted OC became negligible after five storage months.  相似文献   
9.
Reasons for performing study: Standing surgical procedures are being employed to an ever‐greater extent in horses. Pneumoperitoneum during abdominal surgery might adversely affect the work of breathing. Objectives: To determine whether development of pneumoperitoneum during abdominal surgery adversely influences the work of breathing. Methods: Eight healthy mature horses were equipped with carotid artery and thoracic vena cava catheters and an intraluminal manometry system. The following measurements were obtained before and at +5, +10, +15 and +30 min following establishment of pneumoperitoneum by paralumbar puncture using an 8 gauge needle: vital signs, oesophageal pressure, gastric pressure, arterial and central venous blood pressures, and arterial and mixed venous blood gas analyses. Results: Significant changes in oesophageal pressure, central venous pressure and results of arterial and mixed venous blood gas analysis were not detected. Arterial diastolic and mean pressures and rectal temperature increased slightly (P≤0.05). Conclusions: Passive pneumoperitoneum did not adversely affect breathing mechanics or haemodynamic variables under experimental conditions. Changes in arterial pressure could have occurred as a response to the passive pneumoperitoneum or be related to handling stress. Subtle variations in rectal temperature were not clinically relevant and likely resulted from stress associated with restraint. Potential relevance: It is unlikely that mature horses will develop signs of respiratory difficulty as a result of the development of passive pneumoperitoneum during standing laparoscopy.  相似文献   
10.
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