Contribution of Major Ingredients during Baking of Biscuit Dough Systems

Nineteen dough systems were made of a combination of two to nine of the following ingredients: flour, water, fats (coconut and/or palm oils), sugars (sucrose, invert) and chemical leaveners (ammonium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and sodium acid pyrophosphate). Their thermal behaviour was studied over a large temperature scale (20 °C to 160 °C). Thermal analysis of baking by three different methods (DSC, DMTA and TGA) at the same heating rate (3 °C/min) provided information about phase transitions, volume and mass changes of doughs during heating. Temperature ranges over which all ingredients reacted were identified. Melting transitions of fats occurred between 10 °C and 50 °C. Sugars increase temperatures of starch transitions. Chemical leaveners decrease rise temperature, whereas fats and sugars have a delaying effect on their action. The texture of biscuits results from interactions between ingredients; complete dough cannot thus be considered as merely a simple addition of all components.     

营养谷物早餐食品加工工艺分析

营养谷物早餐食品种类繁多,其加工工艺多样化。本文阐述了营养谷物早餐食品的微波真空膨化和挤压膨化两种加工工艺原理,并详述了微波真空膨化加工工艺、压片蒸煮加工工艺和挤压膨化加工工艺的工艺流程。     

玫瑰花饼干的研制

以低筋面粉为主要原料,添加玫瑰浸提液、玫瑰花瓣、黄油、细砂糖等研制玫瑰花饼干。以感官品质为考察指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定玫瑰花饼干的最佳配方参数。结果表明,玫瑰花饼干的最佳配方为:以低筋面粉添加量100%计,黄油添加量20%,玫瑰浸提液添加量30%,细砂糖添加量30%,鸡蛋液添加量10%,玫瑰花瓣添加量2%,干酵母粉添加量1.6%,即最优工艺条件下的感官评分为81.7分(满分100分),制得的饼干表面光滑,呈浅玫红色,口感细腻、不粘牙,有较好的玫瑰香气。