溧阳市生物多样性评价

为溧阳市生物多样性的保护与利用提供依据,以溧阳市生物物种资源普查成果报告和溧阳天目湖森林公园植物资源调查报告为本底数据,采用综合指标体系评价方法对溧阳市生物多样性进行评价。结果表明:溧阳市生物多样性的综合评分为75分,其中物种多样性评分为35分,生态系统多样性评分为40分。溧阳市生物多样性评价结果等级为一般。     

Non-commercial invertebrate discards in an experimental trammel net fishery

Abstract  Non-commercial invertebrate discards in an experimental trammel net fishery were studied in relation to selectivity of the gear, depth, soak time and season. Forty experimental fishing trials were carried out over a 1-year period with six combinations of small mesh (100, 120 and 140 mm) inner and large mesh (600 and 800 mm) outer panels. On average, 43.8 ± 12.2 (SD) (individuals 1000 m⁻¹ of net) of non-commercial invertebrates were discarded, accounting for 48% and 65% of the total catch and total discards by numbers, respectively. Within non-commercial invertebrates discards, the six most abundant species by number were Phallusia mammillata (Cuvier) (27.5%), Cymbium olla (L.) (13.0%), Sphaerechinus granularis (Lamarck) (11.3%), Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck) (10.9%), Astropartus mediterraneus (Risso) (8.2%) and Astropecten aranciacus (L.) (8.1%); Echinoderms (43.1%) particularly important. The highest and lowest discard ratios were found in autumn and winter, respectively. Discards generally decreased with depth, varied considerably in relation to soak time and were not related to mesh size combinations. Trammel nets seem to be the most important gear in terms of ecological impacts on benthic invertebrates compared with other coastal fishing gears and at the depths studied (15–60 m).     

中国海洋生物多样性保护研究进展与几个热点问题

根据近年最新研究成果,对中国海洋生物多样性保护和研究进展进行了综述。文章重点阐述了海洋生物遗传多样性、物种多样性和生态系统多样性状况、保护现状及其研究进展,分析了目前海洋生物多样性保护所面临的主要威胁;探讨了近期中国海洋生物多样性保护研究的几个热点问题。     

福建松溪鱼类群落的多样性特征

根据2007-2008年松溪8个采样站位鱼类资源的调查资料,分析了松溪鱼类种类组成、优势种、常见种、生态类型以及鱼类多样性等群落结构特点。调查共采集鱼类63种,隶属5目、17科、49属;其中包括外来物种加州鲈（Micropterus salmoides）和罗非鱼（Tilapia sp.）、福建省保护动物鳗尾鱼央（Liobagrus anguillicauda）、福建省特有种纵纹缨口鳅（Crossostoma stigmata）和拟腹吸鳅（Pseudogastromyzon fasciatus）。采用Pin     

Biodiversity and Dynamics of Planthoppers and Their Natural Enemies in Rice Fields with Different Nitrogen Regimes

Biodiversity both theoretically and practically has relevance in addressing many problems of contemporary agriculture and allows the formation of functional groups that drive key ecosystem processes [1]. One of the most important processes in agroecosystems is pest regulation, because biodiversity is related closely to host-plant resistance, pest management attributes, natural biological control agents and their impacts, and stability as the ecological basis for pest management [2-3]. On one h…     

The use of volunteers for conducting sponge biodiversity assessments and monitoring using a morphological approach on Indo‐Pacific coral reefs

• 1. Sponges are an important component of coral reef ecosystems, but even though they are widespread with the ability to significantly influence other benthic community members they rarely feature to any great extent in current monitoring or biodiversity assessment programmes conducted by volunteer and professional groups. This exclusion is usually because of the taxonomic problems associated with sponge identification.
• 2. A potential alternative to monitoring temporal or spatial change in sponge assemblages and assessing biodiversity levels is to characterize sponges using morphologies present rather than collecting species data. Quantifying sponge biodiversity (for monitoring and biodiversity assessments) at the morphological level is less time and resource consuming than collecting species data and more suited to groups with little training and experience of sponge taxonomy or in regions where detailed taxonomic information on sponges is sparse.
• 3. This paper considers whether the same differences and similarities in sponge richness and assemblage composition can be identified using species and morphological data in response to environmental gradients at two coral reef ecosystems in south‐east Sulawesi, Indonesia, and whether volunteers can be used to reliably collect morphological information. Sponge morphologies were classified into 14 groups and different morphological assemblages were found by the author at the two sites and between depth intervals. Comparisons of sponge species and morphological composition data showed that common patterns in assemblage structuring and richness could be identified irrespective of whether morphological or species data were used. In addition, a positive linear relationship was found between sponge species and morphological richness.
• 4. The morphological data recorded by volunteer divers (n=10) were compared with that collected by the author. Although volunteers recorded fewer sponges than the author (approximately 15% less), missing mainly small encrusting specimens, similar assemblage structure could be identified from both the volunteers' and the author's data.
• 5. The results showed that the same differences in sponge assemblages between sites and depths could be identified from both species and morphological data. In addition, these morphological data could be reliably collected by volunteer divers.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南海北部浮游动物多样性研究

1997～1999年,对南海北部浮游动物进行了4个季节的专项调查,结果表明,调查海区共出现浮游动物8门20大类709种。优势种的组成各海域显示明显差异,调查期间共有8种优势种,即:异尾宽水蚤(Temoradiscaudata)、普通波水蚤(Undinulavulgaris)、微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanuspauper)、叉胸刺水蚤(Centropagesfurcatus)、亚强真哲水蚤(Eu calanussubcrassus)、精致真刺水蚤(Euchaetaconcinna)、肥胖箭虫(Sagittaenflata)和中型莹虾(Luciferintermedius)。浮游动物4季总生物量变化范围为18.08～38.27mg/m3,平均25.27mg/m3,以冬季最高,夏、春季次之,秋季最低。平面分布呈斑块状,并随季节的变化发生漂移,春、秋季密集区主要分布于台湾浅滩上升流区和北部湾北部近海区;夏季,自台湾浅滩至粤西近海一带水域密集度较高;冬季分布则相对较为均匀。栖息密度范围为0.24～621.13ind/m3,4季平均27.52ind/m3,平面分布总体以近岸水域最高,不同季节,分布趋势发生一定变化,高密集区主要分布在台湾浅滩、北部湾北部和粤西近海。生物多样性指数范围为1.63～5.55,平均3.90,自北向南递增。季节变化以夏、春季较高,秋、冬季较低。多样性阈值变化范围为0.02～4.63,平均2.93,多样性水平Ⅱ级,显示南海北部浮游动物多样性丰富。     

舟山渔场禁渔线以外海域单拖网鱼类群落结构变动分析

根据2010年2月、5月、9月和11月对舟山渔场禁渔线以外海域渔业资源底拖网调查数据,对该海域鱼类群落结构的季节变化进行了分析。调查中共捕获鱼类80种,隶属于13目,49科,59属,其中以鲈形目最多（30种）。Simpson多样性指数（C）、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H＇）和Pielou均匀度指数（J＇）均呈现出9月以后逐渐升高、随后下降、5月基本达到最低点的趋势,而Margalef丰富度指数（D）在5月较高,表明5月鱼类种类丰富度较高。资源生物量曲线（ABC）的结果受优势种影响较大,2月质量优势度曲线位于数量优势度曲线之上;5月质量优势度曲线与数量优势度曲线相交;9月和11月数量优势度曲线位于质量优势度曲线之上。营养级-平均体质量关系曲线斜率的绝对值5月最小,9月最大,表明经过伏季休渔以后,9月鱼类平均体质量有所增加,特别是高营养级鱼类,而经过持续捕捞以后,至5月鱼类平均体质量整体降到较低水平。     

澜沧江源区浮游植物群落特征及其对水质的指示作用

为了探究澜沧江源区水生态现状与变化趋势,在干流囊谦段布置多昌、扎曲大桥及香达3个监测点,支流选择子曲的下拉秀、尕麻和野吉尼玛3个监测点,共计6个监测点位,于2016年7月(夏季)和10月(秋季)对澜沧江源区干流及其支流浮游植物进行了调查,以期为三江源区水生态保护与管理提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)记录浮游植物7门、47种,其中硅藻(21种)和绿藻(14种)为主要成分,分别占总种类数的45%和30%;时空差异明显,夏季较秋季种类丰富,支流较干流种类丰富;优势种以硅藻为主,其中针杆藻(Synedra sp.)为两季度绝对优势种;(2)澜沧江源区浮游植物密度为5.4×10~4～230×10~4个/L,平均密度为79×10~4个/L,硅藻贡献最大;时空差异明显,秋季高于夏季,支流高于干流;(3)浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)夏季为2.32,秋季为2.72,Pielou均匀度指数(J)夏季为0.73,秋季为0.70。研究显示,澜沧江源区水质介于极贫营养至中营养之间,处于轻度污染至无污染状态,水生态状况整体优良。     

中国国家级水产种质资源保护区建设及其发展趋势分析

分析国家级水产种质资源保护区的建设现状、地理分布格局和发展趋势,为水产种质资源的保护管理提供依据。分析指标为水产种质资源保护区的建设数量、建设规模、空间分布格局、聚集程度。研究表明,我国已建国家级水产种质资源保护区492个,初步构建了包括各类湿地和水域的保护区网络;不同类型国家级水产种质资源保护区建设数量差异较大,且面积普遍偏小;河流和淡水湖泊类型保护区的数量占总数的83.14%,以鱼类及栖息地保护为重点,缺少对两栖动物、爬行动物和水生植物等的保护;保护区聚集度指数为0.72,呈高度聚集分布格局,集中分布在湘北-鄂东南-皖赣边界、苏南-浙北和川东等地。保护区快速建设期接近尾声,未来应加强其规范化建设和管理,优化保护区网络。