花团状纳米铜的表征及抑菌性能研究

以六元瓜环(Q[6])为修饰剂,抗坏血酸为还原剂,硫酸铜为铜源,采用液相化学还原法制备纳米铜。并利用XRD和SEM方法对产物进行了表征,结果显示目标产物为花团状单质纳米铜。然后考察了纳米铜对革兰氏阴性菌大肠杆菌的抑制情况,结果表明,250μg/m L花状纳米铜对大肠杆菌具有良好的抑制作用。     

盐度与滤料量对生物膜降氨氮作用的影响

淡水中培养的生物膜,去氨氮能力随盐度上升及升盐速率的增加而逐渐下降,当盐度由0.6升至13.3、23.9和31.3并稳定48 h后,氨氮去除率分别为100%、93.0%和86.9%;当按不同的速度降盐至淡水环境时,生物膜去氨氮的能力逐步得以恢复,特别是降到淡水时,去氨氮率均达90%以上,基本达到淡水中生物膜去氨氮的能力。经24~36 h的吸附作用,沸石对氨氮的吸附能力强于瓷质生化环,生化环48 h去氨氮的能力(95.1%)接近沸石(100%)。以沸石为滤料的滤器去氨氮能力与速率随沸石用量增加而增强。24 h内天然沸石吸附作用去氨氮能力强于生物沸石,生物沸石48 h对氨氮的去除率(99.2%)略超过天然沸石(95.2%)。     

土壤类型对凉山烤烟品质的影响

以云烟87为材料,在盐源烟区选取5种不同类型土壤进行烤烟大田栽培,研究了四川凉山土壤类型对烤烟主要化学成分、中性致香物质及内在质量的影响。结果表明,参试土壤钙、镁含量较丰富,明显缺氯;紫色土、红壤、黄壤、沉积土等明显缺钾和氮;水稻土和沉积土缺磷。不同土壤烤后烟叶化学成分有差异,水稻土和紫色土上烤后烟叶烟碱、总氮含量较高,糖含量较低,基本符合优质烟叶质量标准;红壤、紫色土和黄壤上烤后烟叶钾含量相对较高,接近优质烟叶钾含量;沉积土、水稻土和红壤上烤后烟叶氯含量较高,接近优质烟叶氯含量。不同土壤烤后烟叶致香物质含量差异较大,黄壤和红壤上烤后烟叶苯丙氨酸类降解产物含量较高;黄壤、红壤和水稻土上烤后烟叶类西柏烷类产物含量较高;水稻土、紫色土和红壤上烤后烟叶质体色素降解产物含量及致香成分总量较高。不同土壤烤后烟叶内在质量存在一定的差异,由高到低对应的植烟土壤依次为:紫色土、红壤、黄壤、沉积土、水稻土。     

椰心叶甲发育的起点温度和有效积温

通过室内饲养观察，测定了不同温度下椰心叶甲不同虫态发育的起点温度、有效积温及存活率。结果表明，椰心叶甲世代发育起点温度为11．08℃，有效积温为966．22℃，在海南省儋州市1a发生的理论代数为4～5代。持续过高温度，如32℃不适宜椰心叶甲的生长。     

豇豆轮纹病病原鉴定及其室内药剂筛选

从海南三亚豇豆设施棚内采集具典型轮纹病病斑的豇豆叶片,采用组织分离法分离到1株致病菌,根据病害症状特点、病原菌形态特征、培养性状、ITS序列分析,鉴定豇豆轮纹病的病原菌为多主棒孢霉[Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curst.) Wei];利用生长速率法,对12种药剂进行室内筛选,结果表明：10%苯醚甲环唑(WP,可湿性粉剂)和50%异菌脲(WP)对病原菌具有强烈抑制作用,其EC50分别为2.709 46和9.093 27 mg/L,而75%百菌清(WP)和50%多菌灵(W     

Effects of aromatase inhibitors on reproduction in male three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, exposed to long and short photoperiods

Three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, males were implanted with Silastic capsules filled with different aromatase inhibitors; 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione or the non-steroidal CGS16949 A, 4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydrimidazol [1,5-a]pyridin-5-yl) benzonitrile monohydrochloride or empty capsules. The fish were then exposed to long or short photoperiod. Under the long photoperiod most fish in all treatments displayed a hypertrophied kidney (a secondary sexual character in sticklebacks) and completed, quiescent spermatogenesis, similar as in the natural spawning period. Under the short photoperiod the controls had unstimulated kidneys and an active spermatogenesis, whereas the males implanted with both aromatase inhibitors had stimulated kidneys, though not to the extent as in the long photoperiod, and completed, quiescent spermatogenesis. These findings suggest that aromatization is of importance for the inhibitory effects of short photoperiod on reproduction in the stickleback. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Tangential and radial shrinkage variation within trees in sugi (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>) cultivars

The transverse shrinkage variation within trees was examined for five sugi cultivars. The within-tree trends of tangential shrinkage (α _T) were different by cultivar, whereas radial shrinkage (α _R) increased from pith to bark in most cultivars. The tangential/radial shrinkage ratio (α _T/α _R) decreased from pith to bark in most cultivars, because the radial variation of α _R was larger than that of α _T. The cultivars showed significant differences among cultivars in α _T, α _R, and α _T/α _R, but the difference among cultivars for α _T/α _R was smaller. The relationships between transverse shrinkage and microfi bril angle (MFA), basic density (BD), tree ring parameters, and modulus of elasticity were examined. The α _T and α _R showed positive relationships with BD, latewood percentage, latewood density, and modulus of elasticity, and negative relationships with MFA and ring width. The relationships with earlywood density were weak. Sugi exhibited variation in transverse shrinkage within stem and among cultivars, with the variation affected by MFA, density, and tree ring parameters. Part of this article was presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Akita, Japan, August 2006, and the 57th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Hiroshima, Japan, August 2007     

Selenium supplementation changes glutathione peroxidase activity and thyroid hormone production in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae

Dietary selenium (Se) influences the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and the thyroid hormone system in vertebrates, but these relations are poorly described in fish. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Se supplementation on Senegalese sole larvae, focusing on GPx activity and thyroid status. Two groups of larvae were fed on either control (C) or Se‐enriched live feed, from 2 days after hatch (DAH) until 34 DAH. Senegalese sole larvae fed Se‐enriched live feed significantly increased their whole‐body Se, compared to larvae from C group. The activity of GPx was higher in larvae from Se group, suggesting that the levels of this mineral were suboptimal in the control diet. TH levels were also higher in larvae fed Se‐enriched live feed, suggesting that Se may have a positive influence on the TH production in early life stages of marine fish larvae.     

保定市环城林带生态效益分析

通过调查将保定环城林带分成不同郁闭度、林带宽度、群落结构。并定点定时测定绿地中心和对照点的湿度、温度、噪音、粉尘、空气中细菌数。结果表明,林带绿地郁闭度、宽度增加,其降温增湿、滞尘、降噪功能越明显,而抑菌能力却下降;群落结构类型对林带生态效益的影响依次是乔灌草〉乔灌〉乔草〉灌草。     

细胞质抗除草剂谷子遗传发育特点及应用研究

【目的】研究细胞质抗除草剂基因对谷子性状和发育的影响。【方法】利用细胞质抗除草剂谷子与敏感型谷子正反交和多代回交等方法，获得了同核异质杂交群体和近等基因系，比较其F1、F2、回交和复合杂交世代的群体差异和近等基因系的生长发育差异。【结果】具有抗除草剂细胞质的谷子苗期发育迟缓、抽穗晚，灌浆时间短；用其杂交获得的回交、复合杂交及F2的多数群体表现了生长弱势。但是具有细胞质除草剂抗性的谷子，在杂交F1代可产生较大的杂种优势；回交、复合交和F2代有较大的分离，并且个别组合表现了与敏感细胞质一样的丰产性。【结论】细胞质抗除草剂基因对谷子的生长和性状发育有影响，但利用杂交种可避免细胞质抗性产生的不利影响，获得丰产性；对抗性杂交群体和个体进行选择可达到预期效果。在对抗除草剂谷子选育时，应注重苗期发育快、根系发达、抽穗早、灌浆速度快的单株。把以上的研究结果应用于实践，获得了多个细胞质抗除草剂谷子的丰产杂交组合和品系。