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41.
针对内蒙古阴山北麓农牧交错带土壤风蚀严重的问题,研究了带状留茬间作的防风蚀效果,通过测定风速、地表粗糙度和土壤风蚀量,揭示不同留茬高度对留茬地和相邻裸露地的防风蚀效果.结果表明,随着留茬高度的增加,作物残茬带近地表风速降低,且留高茬(30 cm)效果最明显;随着测定高度的增加,同一留茬高度对风速的降低程度减小.地表粗糙度随留茬高度的增加而增大,留高茬地(30 cm)和邻高茬裸地的地表粗糙度分别较对照增加了466.67%和126.98%.土壤风蚀量随留茬高度的增加而减少,留高茬地(30 cm)和邻高茬裸地的风蚀量分别较对照减少了90.21%和65.51%.因此,作物残茬既增强了自身带的防风蚀效果,又在一定程度上保护了邻茬裸露带,留茬高度30 cm时防风蚀效果最好,对相邻裸露带的保护作用最明显. 相似文献
42.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9):1009-1018
Abstract Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) (L.) DC) seedlings of the accession TPT‐1, were grown in a greenhouse with graded, balanced total soluble salt (TSS) concentrations. After 4.5 days, plant height increased quadratically, with a maximum (149 cm) at 3000 ppm TSS. Seedlings were shortest at 1000 and 10,000 ppm TSS, 44.0 and 79.0 cm, respectively. Fresh weight of shoots increased quadratically with greatest weight, 29.03 g, at 5000 ppm TSS. Percent dry matter increased linearly with increasing TSS. Concentration of N, K and P increased quadratically with an increase in the TSS concentration in the growth medium. Concentration of Ca decreased quadratically with increasing TSS. Among the micronutrients, Fe and Mo concentration was quadratic, both elements were highest in the seedlings at 1000 and 10,000 ppm TSS rates. Concentrations of Mn and Zn increased linearly with increasing TSS. Winged bean seedlings at the 1000 to 3000 ppm TSS rates had spindly stems and a sparse, yellow foliage, typical for winged bean seedlings observed in the field during the first 4 to 5 weeks of growth. Seedlings at the 4000 and 5000 ppm TSS rates had sturdy stems and an abundant green foliage. At higher TSS concentrations, 5000 to 10,000 ppm TSS, seedlings had short intermodes and dark green foliage. 相似文献
43.
行距配置方式对夏玉米氮素吸收利用及产量的影响 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
为确定黄淮南部夏玉米产区机械化生产适宜的行距配置方式,2012—2013年同时在河南省方城县和辉县两个试验点设置大田试验,以高、中、低3种株高类型的玉米杂交种‘先玉335’、‘郑单958’和‘512-4’为材料,设置2个种植密度(低:60 000株·hm~(-2);高:75 000株·hm~(-2))、5个行距配置方式(50 cm、60 cm、70 cm、80cm等行距和80 cm+40 cm宽窄行距),研究了不同株型玉米品种在不同密度和行距配置条件下对氮素吸收利用效率和产量的影响。结果显示,低密度种植条件下,高秆的‘XY335’和矮秆的‘512-4’均以60 cm等行距处理产量优势明显;中秆的‘ZD958’在辉县和方城分别以60 cm和70 cm等行距产量最高。在高密度种植条件下,高秆的‘XY335’和中秆的‘ZD958’均以60 cm等行距处理产量最高;而矮秆的‘512-4’则以50 cm等行距种植产量优势明显,但与60 cm等行距处理差异不显著。植株氮积累量随行距的扩大呈先升高后降低的趋势,以60 cm等行距的氮积累量较大,低密度时显著高于80 cm等行距和80 cm+40 cm宽窄行距处理,而高密度下与各行距处理差异不显著;不同品种植株氮积累量对行距反应不同,高秆品种在行距间差异不显著,中秆品种80 cm等行距最低且与其余行距处理差异显著,矮秆品种50 cm和60 cm等行距氮积累量最高且与其余行距差异显著。两个密度种植条件下,籽粒氮积累量和氮素收获指数均随行距的扩大先升高后降低,在60 cm等行距处理达到最大值,并且均显著高于其他行距处理;氮肥偏生产力随行距的扩大呈现先升高后降低的趋势,60 cm等行距处理较高,但在低密度下与其他行距处理差异不显著,高密度时与80 cm等行距处理差异显著。与其他行距处理相比,60 cm等行距处理具有相对较高的氮素吸收利用效率和产量,能够较好地协调玉米土壤与植株的氮素吸收利用关系,兼顾不同株高类型玉米品种在一定密度范围内获得高产,可作为目前黄淮南部地区夏玉米统一的行距配置方式进行推广。 相似文献
44.
基于SNP标记的玉米株高及穗位高QTL定位 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:8
为进一步弄清玉米株高和穗位高的遗传机理,为育种生产提供服务,本研究以K22×CI7、K22×Dan3402个F2群体为作图群体,利用覆盖玉米10条染色体的SNP标记构建了2个连锁图谱。并将这2个F2群体衍生的分别含237和218个家系的F2:3群体用于田间性状的鉴定。用复合区间作图模型对2个群体的株高、穗位高表型进行QTL定位分析,结果显示,在武汉和南宁两种环境条件下共定位到21个株高QTL和27个穗位高QTL;单个QTL表型变异贡献率的变幅为4.9%~17.9%;株高和穗位高QTL的作用方式以加性和部分显性为主;第7染色体上可能存在控制株高和穗位高的主效QTL。 相似文献
45.
Qi Haikun Wang Sai Xu Dongyong Lu Zhengying Zhao Wenchao Hao Yanjie Zhang Xiang Li Wei Han Huanyong Wang Jiangtao Wang Hongzhe Chen Hongzhang Wang Lin Du Mingwei Tian Xiaoli Li Zhaohu 《棉花学报》2013,32(5):425-437
[Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and universality of cotton chemical topping by applying mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, DPC) in different cotton-growing regions. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in 2018 at 10 locations in the Yellow River basin (Hejian and Handan, Hebei province; Dezhou and Wudi, Shandong province), the Yangtze River basin (Dafeng, Jiangsu province; Huanggang, Hubei province), and Xinjiang area (Shihezi location I and loacation II, northern Xinjiang and Luntai and Shaya, southern Xinjiang). Local cultivars/lines were used, and the experiments were performed using a randomized complete block design with three or four replicates. Accompanied with typical DPC multi-application in each location, chemical topping was conducted at 10 days before manual topping (T1) or at the same time with manual topping (T2) by applying four dosages of DPC (0, 90, 180, 270 g·hm-2), manual topping was used as the first control and non-topping as the second control. [Result] The time of chemical topping significantly affected cotton plant height (except for the results in Handan, Dezhou and Wudi) and the number of fruit branches (except for the results in Dafeng and Huanggang). It was observed that earlier chemical topping would result in lower cotton plant height and a fewer fruit branches. In Hejian and Shihezi location I, the average plant height across DPC chemical topping at T1 stage was not only lower than that of T2 stage but also 3.3 cm and 4.6 cm lower than that of manual topping, respectively. In most locations, chemical topping at T1 stage increased around two fruit branches per plant compared with manual topping, while in T2 stage the increased fruit branches per plant ranged from 2.3 to 7.7. Also, we found that a higher dosage of DPC resulted in shorter plant height (except for that in Huanggang). In some locations, plant heights of chemical topping with 180 g·hm-2 or 270 g·hm-2 DPC were even shorter than that of manual topping. The number of fruit branches per plant of 0 g·hm-2 DPC increased by 2.4-8.3 compared with manual topping. However, chemical topping with 90-270 g·hm-2 DPC significantly reduced the number of fruit branches compared with 0 g·hm-2 DPC. There were no significant differences in the number of fruit branches among three DPC dosages (90, 180, and 270 g·hm-2). In Handan, seed cotton yield of chemical topping at T2 stage was significantly lower than that of manual topping due to the decreased boll number, which is possibly associated with the high temperature and drought weather after chemical topping. While at other locations, most treatments of chemical topping by using DPC did not produce significant effects on yield. In addition, chemical topping by using DPC did not delay cotton maturity, characterized by their similar boll-opening rate and the first harvest rate to those of manual topping before spraying harvest aids. [Conclusion] Cotton chemical topping with DPC is more stable and universal across different cotton-growing regions. We suggest that 90-180 g·hm-2 DPC could be used at the same time with manual topping for cotton chemical topping. 相似文献
46.
普通小麦品种"南农9918"经甲基磺酸乙酯(ethyl methanesulfonate,EMS)诱变获得一个矮秆、多蘖、长穗突变体"NM9",在该突变体中定位到一个新的矮秆突变基因Rht_NM9。内源激素在普通小麦株高建成的过程中发挥重要的调节作用,为了解析Rht_NM9致矮的生理机制,本研究以南农9918及其矮秆突变体NM9为材料,利用酶联免疫吸附分析法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,ELISA)测定了不同生育期各节间内源赤霉素(GA)、生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)和玉米素核苷(ZR)的含量,分析小麦发育关键时期的内源激素含量变化与株高的关系。结果表明,在孕穗期和抽穗期,矮秆突变体NM9中GA、ABA含量均显著高于南农9918,而ZR含量则显著低于南农9918,IAA含量在南农9918和突变体NM9之间无明显差异。此外,突变体NM9各节间中GA/ABA比值显著高于南农9918,而IAA/ABA、(IAA+GA)/ABA、ZR/ABA比值显著低于南农9918。以上结果表明小麦株高受多种激素调控,突变体中内源ABA含量升高,IAA/ABA和ZR/ABA比值降低会抑制植物株高伸长。 相似文献
47.
耕作土壤表面不平度分析 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5
利用激光式不平度测试仪测定犁耕耕地地面、圆盘耙耙地地面和驱动耙耙地地面的不平度,测定地面不平度沿着3个方向进行,即平行、倾斜和垂直于耕作方向。对每一种地面不平度的RMS高度、自相关长度和自相关函数进行了分析,结果表明:对于短的地块,可用单一尺度来表征地表不平度的特征,地表不平度特征属于指数相关函数,RMS高度和自相关长度具有明显的相关性;对于长的地块,平整的农业地表不平度具有分形性或多尺度性,其自相关函数是一种分形过程。 相似文献
48.
极化干涉合成孔径雷达(PolInSAR)估测森林结构参数中,数据受基线长度、信噪比、环境地形以及雷达波长的影响,尤其在复杂森林环境条件下,会导致观测到的复相干存在误差,从而影响最终的反演结果。为解决此问题,首先探讨了体相干选择对RVoG三阶段森林冠层高度反演的影响,以地相位为参考逐像素选择距离地相位最远的相干性作为体相干。其次改进了地相位估计方法,采用戴明回归(DMR)和正交回归(OGR)2种相干直线拟合方法来改进地相位的估计,并在DMR拟合方法中设置了不同的误差比(0.3和0.6)来比较地相位估计方法对RVoG三阶段森林冠层高度反演的影响。研究结果表明:以地相位为参考逐像素选择体相干的反演结果相较于直接使用HV极化通道的复相干γHV为体相干的反演精度有明显提升,决定系数(R2)由0.349增加到0.383,均方误差由7.097 m2降低到5.755 m2。在体相干优化选择的基础上,采用了戴明回归和正交回归对地相位估计方法进行了改进。表明基于最小二乘回归(LSR)地相位估计的RVoG三阶段反演精度最... 相似文献
49.
- 1. Nubbins from 12 coral species were transplanted onto dead giant clam shells at three sites in a lagoon near Bolinao, north‐western Philippines. Transplants were attached using three types of adhesives: cyanoacrylate glue (SG), epoxy putty (EP) and marine epoxy (ME) and were monitored over five months for detachment, in situ mortality and natural self‐attachment by tissue growth.
- 2. Corals attached with SG showed a significantly higher rate of detachment (logrank test) than those attached with either EP or ME (P<0.001 in each case). Also, those attached with EP showed a higher rate of detachment than corals attached with ME (logrank=6.46, P<0.05).
- 3. ANOVA (P>0.05) and survival analysis (logrank=2.85, P>0.05) showed no among‐adhesives differences in in situ mortality. Among the species used, Porites cylindrica, Pavona frondifera, Heliopora coerulea and Porites rus had the highest survivorship with 82%, 80%, 76% and 73%, respectively, of nubbins alive at the end of the experiment and also displayed the highest cumulative rates of self‐attachment. Species with the lowest survival rates included Acropora muricata and four pocilloporids.
- 4. Although there was no significant difference in the number of self‐attaching transplants among the adhesives, corals transplanted using ME and EP self‐attached earlier than those transplanted using SG (logrank=11.19, P<0.01).
- 5. Results from this study highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate means of attaching corals to substrates and carefully considering species‐specific traits of candidate corals for transplantation.
50.
利用90K基因芯片进行小麦株高QTL分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为给小麦株高标记辅助选择提供可供选择的分子标记,并进一步对株高QTL进行精细定位及相关基因克隆,以小麦骨干亲本周8425B和小偃81衍生的包含102个家系的RIL群体(F_8)为材料,利用90K芯片标记构建高密度遗传图谱,在3个环境下对株高进行QTL检测。结果表明,所构建的图谱含有9 290个SNP标记,覆盖了小麦21条染色体的63个连锁群,图谱总长3 894.64cM,平均标记密度为0.42cM。共检测到9个控制株高的QTL,分布于1B、4A、4D、6B、7A、7B和7D染色体上,变异解释率为2.23%~16.25%。QPh.nafu.4D、QPh.nafu.4A、QPh.nafu.1B-2与前人定位到的位置相同或相近。QPh.nafu.7A具有较大的LOD值(8.17)和变异解释率(14.69%),为主效QTL。QPh.nafu.6B、QPh.nafu.7B-1、QPh.nafu.7B-2均能在多个环境下使用多种QTL检测方法定位到,可能为新的较稳定的控制株高的QTL。 相似文献