培养液中铜水平对PK15细胞内铜离子浓度与CuZn-SOD活性的影响

在 PK15细胞无血清液体培养基中添加 0、7.8、15 .6、31.2、6 2 .5 μmol/L Cu,观察了培养液中不同铜水平对PK15细胞内铜离子浓度和 Cu Zn- SOD活性的影响及二者的相关性。结果表明 ,PK15细胞内铜离子浓度及 Cu Zn-SOD活性均随培养液中添加铜离子浓度升高和培养时间的延长而有不同程度的升高 ,其中以添加 Cu31.2 μmol/L组最高 (P<0 .0 5 )。PK15细胞内 Cu Zn- SOD活性与细胞内铜离子浓度和培养时间呈强正相关 (培养时间 :r=0 .873～0 .980 ,P<0 .0 5 ;铜离子浓度 :r=0 .90 0～ 0 .972 ,P<0 .0 5 )     

兽用常温耐热型弱毒活疫苗的研究进展

常温耐热型弱毒活疫苗对预防畜禽疾病具有重要作用，对它的研究越来越多，尤其是耐热冻干保护剂。作者对耐热冻干保护剂的组成、作用机制、效能及畜禽疫病中的应用进行了介绍。     

鸡肿瘤坏死因子的诱生及活性检测

通过对鸡静脉注射卡介苗 (BCG)和脂多糖 (L PS) ,应用 L92 9细胞检测鸡体外周血清、脾细胞和外周血白细胞肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)活性 ,表明外周血清 TNF活性最高 ,其次是脾细胞 ,而外周血白细胞 TNF活性最低。本研究也表明在正常鸡的外周血液中有少量的 TNF     

A comparative study on the rumen microbial populations,hydrolytic enzyme activities and dry matter degradability between different species of ruminant

A comparative study among Korean native cow (Hanwoo), Holstein dairy cow, Korean native goat and crossbred sheep on the population and marker concentration of ruminal microbes, the activities of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), xylanase and amylase, and in situ dry matter (DM) degradability were conducted. Twelve ruminally cannulated animals, three of each species, were used. Animals were fed the same diet containing 40% formula feed and 60% rice straw at the level of 2.5% of body weight. Total viable microbial populations in the rumen fluid were significantly (P < 0.01) greater for bacteria and fungi in goat than those of Holstein. The protozoan population among ruminant species was the reverse from that of bacteria. The concentrations of 2,6‐diaminopimelic acid and chitin as markers for bacteria and fungi in the rumen fluid, respectively, were highest in goat, which is in accordance with the above population data. The concentration of aminoethylphosphonic acid as marker of protozoa was highest in Hanwoo and lowest in sheep (P < 0.01). Goat had the highest (P < 0.01) activities of all the enzymes investigated among ruminants. In situ effective degradation of the DM of rice straw was approximately 19% higher in the rumen of goat compared with other animals.     

电针“足三里”穴及刺激中脑导水管周围灰质对家兔结肠电的影响

以家兔近端结肠电的基本活动规律为指标,观察了电针足“三里”穴及刺激中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)对近端结肠电的影响,同时对比观察了损毁部分PAG对电针效应的影响。结果:(1)在禁食、轻度麻醉状态下,近端结肠电慢波振幅为206±156μV,频率为14.9±1.7Hz,慢波上载有快波;(2)电针“足三里”穴对结肠电有抑制或兴奋效应,当有快渡活动时,主要呈现慢波振幅增加效应,有时也增加快波的振幅和幅度;而当没有快波活动时,电针主要减低慢波振幅。上述电针的作用可持续10～45min;(3)对44个pAG刺激点刺激的结果显示,16个点为结肠电兴奋点;13个为结肠电抑制点,而15个点为无效点。其中兴奋效应的潜伏期为1.1±0.95min,可持续2.45±1.4min;抑制效应的潜伏期为0.6±0.5min,可持续2.9±1.3min;(4)5只家兔损毁部分PAG后,电针效应减少23.8±16.6％。     

季节性变化对荷斯坦奶牛红细胞钾含量及红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活性的影响

产犊日期相近且处于产奶高峰期的35头奶牛,根据其夏季产奶量下降率的多少分为不耐热组和耐热组,其中下降率低于10%的被定为耐热组(n=16),下降率在40%以上的被定为不耐热组(n=19),分别测定春、夏两季奶牛红细胞钾含量和红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活性,并分析其与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率之间的关系。结果表明:荷斯坦奶牛夏季血液中红细胞钾含量极显著高于春季(P<0.01),红细胞钾含量在同一季节、不同组别之间差异较大,不耐热组奶牛春、夏两季的红细胞钾含量均显著高于耐热组(P<0.05);红细胞钾含量与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率呈中等强度正相关,其中春季奶牛红细胞钾含量与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率的相关系数为r=0.569(P<0.05),夏季奶牛红细胞钾含量与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率的相关系数为r=0.529(P<0.05)。荷斯坦奶牛夏季红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活力显著低于春季(P<0.05),红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活力在同一季节不同组别之间差异较大,不耐热组显著低于耐热组(P<0.05)。相关分析显示,春季奶牛红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活性与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率之间无显著相关性;夏季奶牛红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活性与奶牛夏季产...     

Spatial occupancy patterns and activity of arid rangeland cattle grazing small riparian pastures

The spatial occupancy patterns and activity of cattle grazing three riparian pastures was investigated in northeastern Oregon using Global Positioning System (GPS) collars logging at 1‐sec intervals. Cattle consistently selected plant communities as grazing areas that had forage in sufficient volume to meet their requirements and favored communities as resting areas that were dry and open. Cattle were stationary for more than 50% of the time in each pasture and consistently rested between dark and 04:00 hours. Interaction with stream channels was found to be 1‐2% of total occupancy time and occurred on less than 10% of channel length. Cattle were indifferent or avoided channel areas relative to their area and, when in this zone, they spent most of their time moving not resting. Cattle did not prefer the stream bank zone and spent only 2% of their time in that zone. When occupied, the stream bank zone was used as a travel corridor to gain access to water or cross the channel to access other pasture areas. These results are in contrast with the general belief that cattle are a primary occupant of the stream bank/channel area; additional research is needed to define factors influencing cattle occupancy.     

Undernutrition in the parental and first generation provokes an organ‐specific response to oxidative stress on neonates of second filial generation of Wistar rats

Undernutrition induces an increase of the oxidative stress that can predispose offspring to various diseases in adulthood through epigenetic reprogramming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intergenerational undernutrition on protein oxidation and antioxidant defence response on liver, heart and brain of the second‐generation neonates (F₂) of undernourished rats. For this purpose, both parents in parental (F₀) and first generation (F₁) were fed with a low‐nutrient diet. Body mass and length decreased (p < 0.05) in F₀, F₁ and F₂ being the F₁ males who exhibited a greater mass loss. A decrease in plasma albumin concentration was observed in F₂ neonates (p < 0.05) and also a mass loss of liver, heart and brain (p < 0.05), although proportionally to body length reduction. Undernutrition increased levels of protein oxidation in liver and heart (p < 0.05) but not in brain (p > 0.05) while catalase activity increased only in brain (p < 0.05). In summary, intergenerational undernutrition modifies the antioxidant status through an organ‐specific response, on F₂ neonate rats, where the brain increased catalase activity to prevent a severe oxidative damage and support the vital functions of this key organ to maintain vital functions.     

栗蚕蛹体液的一些免疫反应

为了探明栗蚕体内免疫机制,研究了栗蚕蛹体液免疫反应的某些特性。栗蚕蛹经细菌、真菌以及生理盐水诱导后,其体液对大肠杆菌(E.coli)、枯草杆菌(B.subtilis)、金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)及柞蚕链球菌(T.streptoc-occus)均表现出一定的抑菌作用。大肠杆菌诱导6 h后,栗蚕蛹体液中出现抗菌活性物质,诱导后4 d,体液的抗菌活性达到高峰值,11 d后活性消失。SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明,诱导后的栗蚕蛹血淋巴中有新蛋白产生,推测可能与其产生新的抗菌活性有关。     

转移因子与重组转移因子及其在疾病防治中的应用

转移因子是来自于免疫淋巴细胞的一类可透析小分子多肽,它能够将致敏淋巴细胞的免疫信息传递给未致敏的受体淋巴细胞。转移因子具有特异性和非特异性免疫活性,特异性转移因子具有转移特异性细胞免疫的能力,非特异性转移因子具有促进淋巴细胞活化增殖,增强其免疫活性,并可诱导靶细胞产生大量的细胞因子。重组转移因子是利用基因工程技术将编码具有免疫增强活性的转移因子基因,进行克隆和体外表达,表达产物经纯化制备而成,试验表明其具有增强细胞免疫活性的作用。转移因子和重组转移因子是一种具有免疫增强活性的新型高效安全的生物药品,在临床上用于疾病的防治,具有广阔的应用前景。