0～14日龄乳鸽小肠主要消化酶发育规律的研究

以0～14日龄雄乳鸽为研究对象,测定3日龄、8日龄和14日龄乳鸽十二指肠和空肠中淀粉酶、总蛋白水解酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性随年龄的变化趋势。结果表明：十二指肠中淀粉酶、总蛋白水解酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性随日龄增加而呈上升趋势,脂肪酶活性在3～8日龄显著降低,8～14日龄活性升高;空肠中淀粉酶、总蛋白水解酶和脂肪酶活性先降低后升高,而胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性先升高后降低,并在8日龄时达到峰值。     

高CO2气调储藏对大米食用品质调控效应的研究

以W45号大米为试材,定量控制储藏环境中的O2和CO2浓度,研究10℃和30℃条件下,高浓度CO2储藏6个月对大米不溶性直链淀粉含量及蒸煮品质的影响。结果表明:在低温10℃、O2浓度8%条件下,高浓度CO2可有效抑制大米不溶性直链淀粉含量的增加,CO2浓度作用效果20%10%2%,其中20%CO2气调储藏大米的不溶性直链淀粉含量与初始值相比仅增加了9.39%,显著低于对照(不充气处理);在高温30℃、O2浓度8%条件下,高浓度CO2调控大米不溶性直链淀粉的效应不显著;在10℃、30℃温度储藏条件下,高CO2处理均可显著提高大米的蒸煮品质,抑制大米的加热吸水率,增加米汤可溶性固形物含量,CO2浓度越高效果越明显,其中20%CO2处理在10℃条件下加热吸水率比对照下降了12.71%,米汤可溶性固形物含量比对照增加了24.56%。     

Effect of incubation temperature on carbohydrate digestion in important teleosts for aquaculture

The activity and capacity (activity × tissue weight) of digestive carbohydrases (total carbohydrase, α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase) was examined in vitro under a range of (more realistic) incubation temperatures (5, 18 and 25°C) and pH (7.6) more likely to be encountered during rearing, along the digestive tract of important teleost species for aquaculture (Dicentrarchus labrax, Sparus aurata, Oreochromis aureus, Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo salar). Results indicate, among other things, an overestimation of digestive carbohydrase levels when performing assays at 37°C, a different effect of temperature on digestive enzyme performance along the digestive tract of examined species, and the increased importance of α‐glucosidase towards carbohydrate digestion. Implications regarding the capacity of each species for carbohydrate digestion in nature, as well as feed manufacturing, are discussed.     

Serum amylase and isoamylase values in dogs with pancreatic disease

Serum amylase and isoamylase values were determined in three groups of dogs. The first group contained control dogs while the other groups contained dogs with confirmed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and diabetes mellitus respectively. The trypsin-like immunoreactivity test was also carried out on sera from dogs with exocrine pancreatic disease (EPI). A significant difference was detected in the serum amylase values between the three groups which may be of limited diagnostic value. Dogs with EPI had values lower than normal while those with diabetes mellitus had values higher than control dogs. No evidence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was found in dogs with diabetes mellitus.     

同日龄不同体重羔羊十二指肠形态功能的比较研究

为了解小肠消化吸收功能对羔羊生长发育的影响,本试验选择60只相同饲养条件、相同断奶日龄(3月龄断奶)的5月龄健康阿勒泰×特克赛尔杂交F1代羔羊为研究对象,从中选择体重大小具有显著性差异的8只羔羊分为大体重组(HBW组)4只,平均体重(37.20±2.80)kg;小体重组(LBW组)4只,平均体重(28.24±3.75)kg。测定两组羔羊十二指肠绒毛组织形态学指标、消化酶活性及其黏膜中钠依赖性葡萄糖转载蛋白1(SGLT1)和葡萄糖转载蛋白2(GLUT2)表达量的差异。结果显示,HBW组羔羊十二指肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度均显著低于LBW组(P< 0.05),而黏膜厚度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值差异均不显著(P> 0.05);HBW组羔羊淀粉酶活性显著高于LBW组羔羊(P< 0.05),麦芽糖酶、乳糖酶、蔗糖酶活性均极显著高于LBW组羔羊(P< 0.01),脂肪酶及蛋白酶活性在两组羔羊间均无显著差异(P> 0.05);HBW组羔羊SGLT1表达量显著高于LBW组(P< 0.05),GLUT2表达量极显著高于LBW组(P< 0.01)。综上所述,反刍动物体重增加与十二指肠消化吸收功能密切相关,这些消化酶及葡萄糖运载蛋白的分子生物学上调机制尚需进一步研究。     

Effect of two wheat genotypes and Swedish environment on falling number, amylase activities, and protein concentration and composition

Variation in falling number, amylase activities, protein concentration and composition were investigated in two wheat cultivars grown in Sweden over two seasons, in four locations, with four N fertilizer rates, with and without fungicide treatment. The results showed that;

山体库贮藏马铃薯淀粉、还原糖含量及淀粉酶活性的变化

为探讨甘肃省民乐县山体库贮藏对马铃薯品质的影响。对9个马铃薯品种不同贮藏时期淀粉、还原糖含量以及淀粉酶活性进行分析测定。结果表明：随着贮藏期的延长,大多数品种的淀粉含量表现为升→降→升→降,还原糖含量表现为升→降,淀粉酶活性表现为升→降→升→降;2月份是一个临界贮藏时期,淀粉含量降低到最低（12.68%~22.47%）,还原糖含量达到最高点（0.43%~2.41%）,淀粉酶活性降低到最低点（0.43~0.87 mg/(g? min)）。山体库有利于马铃薯的贮藏;‘青薯6号’和‘同薯23号’适合做菜用型品种,‘大西洋’、‘夏波蒂’和‘LK-99’适合做生产加工型品种,为了保证品质,最佳的加工时间在次年2月之前完成;淀粉酶活性和淀粉含量之间存在负相关,与还原糖之间存在正相关,淀粉含量和还原糖含量之间存在负相关,淀粉含量和还原糖含量之间处于动态平衡状态。     

谷物种子萌发时淀粉酶活性测定影响因素分析

采用碘.淀粉比色法,研究不同室温、不同水浴温度、不同萌发天数小麦种子萌发时淀粉酶活性的大小.结果表明:室温20℃左右,水浴40℃,萌发天数5 d时,淀粉酶的活性最强.在一定范围内,随着室温、水浴温度的升高,萌发天数的增长,糖化时间会缩短,淀粉酶的活性也会随之上升.     

短小芽孢杆菌HB-3的分离鉴定及其淀粉酶的纯化特性研究

从湖北省襄阳市三九酿酒厂下水道污泥分离筛选得到产淀粉酶菌株HB-3,根据菌株生长形态和生理生化特征分析,初步鉴定为短小芽孢杆菌。短小芽孢杆菌HB-3在淀粉培养基上培养72 h后,淀粉酶活力达到120.0 U/mL。然后使用DEAE-52和CM-52阴阳离子交换层析柱对短小芽孢杆菌HB-3产生的淀粉酶进行了部分纯化。结果表明,短小芽孢杆菌HB-3中淀粉酶经过部分纯化后,纯化倍数为5.9,酶活力回收率为90.9%。纯化后的淀粉酶使用SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳研究,以标准蛋白为对照,计算出短小芽孢杆菌HB-3中淀粉酶分子量为56.5 kDa。同时对短小芽孢杆菌HB-3的淀粉酶进行了纯化特性研究,结果表明,该酶的酶促反应最适温度为50℃,40～60℃热稳定性良好;该酶的酶促反应最适pH为5.0,pH 4.0～6.0酸碱稳定性良好,该酶对底物淀粉的反应动力学米氏常数K_m为0.062 mmol/L,最大反应速率V_max为3.019 mmol/(L·min)。