Anaesthetic complications in pigs undergoing MRI guided convection enhanced drug delivery to the brain: a case series

ObservationsA total of 13 intracerebral infusions were performed at approximately 1 month intervals in three NIH miniature pigs over the age range of 31–59 weeks. Pigs received azaperone and ketamine premedication to allow venous cannulation and propofol induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane throughout cranial surgery and MRI scanning. Physiological monitoring during surgery consisted of blood pressure, pulse, temperature and oxygen saturation monitoring, ECG and capnography. Analgesia consisted of meloxicam and morphine. However, during MRI scanning blood pressure and ECG monitoring had to be discontinued. Anaesthetized pigs underwent intermittent intraputamenal convection enhanced delivery (CED) of gadolinium with real-time magnetic resonance imaging. Progressive tachycardia was consistently observed in all pigs during CED with a mean ± SD maximum increase of 41 ± 22 beats minute^?1 from a baseline heart rate of 96 ± 9 minute^?1. The heart rate remained elevated until recovery. A mean reduction in body temperature of 2.8 ± 0.6 °C from the start of anaesthesia was also observed during the period of MRI scanning. All pigs recovered from anaesthesia smoothly and heart rates returned to normal during the recovery period.ConclusionsHypothermia is common in pigs undergoing this sedation and anaesthesia protocol. Convection enhanced delivery of drugs in healthy anaesthetized pigs may result in tachycardia.     

草莓根腐病拮抗细菌的分离筛选与鉴定

为筛选和鉴定草莓根际土壤中对草莓根腐病菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)有拮抗作用的细菌,采用平板对峙培养法,对从北京市昌平区小汤山草莓种植基地土样中分离到的306株菌株进行初筛,复筛后获得了1株拮抗效果好且具有较好稳定性的菌株GF-98,其抑菌带宽度为9.3 mm。此外,菌株GF-98的抑菌谱较广,对草莓根腐尖孢镰刀病菌、草莓灰霉病菌、草莓根腐石楠拟盘多毛孢病菌等9种植物病原真菌均有较好的抑菌效果。在显微镜下观察发现,菌株GF-98的代谢产物对草莓根腐病菌有致畸作用,包括菌丝缩短、粗细不均、分枝增多扭曲、细胞原生质浓缩等现象。16S rDNA基因分析以及生理生化鉴定等方法表明,菌株GF-98为多粘类芽孢杆菌(Peanibacillus ploymyxa)。     

图书馆工作中的委托代理关系研究

本文通过对图书馆存在的委托关系进行研究,利用逆向选择与道德风险等方法试图找到一种解决这种由于信息不对称所造成的委托代理关系对图书馆工作所带来的负面影响的方法,提出改进图书馆工作的一些建议。     

枸杞逆流浸提工艺的研究

以浸提效率作为评价指标，就枸杞逆流浸提工艺过程中的浸提温度、浸提时间、浸提级数及固液比进行了研究，得出了优化的逆流浸提工艺条件。     

豆腐渣混合苹果渣固态发酵改善纤维适口性

为了改善豆腐渣发酵后膳食纤维的适口性,适量混合部分苹果渣,利用其糖分提高酿酒酵母的发酵效率,并对其固态发酵工艺条件进行优化。采用单因素和正交试验方法优化的较佳发酵条件为pH值为8、发酵温度22℃、豆腐渣与苹果渣质量比2∶1、酿酒酵母接种量8%、发酵时间48 h。在优化发酵条件下,豆腐渣和苹果渣混合物中粗纤维的质量分数由发酵前的107.8 mg/g下降到发酵后的64.2 mg/g,降解率为40.45%。混合苹果渣的固态发酵极大地改善了膳食纤维的适口性,可以作为健康食品原料广泛使用。     

秸秆纤维素降解真菌QSH3-3的筛选及其特性研究

为了获得高效降解秸秆纤维素的微生物菌株,采用滤纸降解法和刚果红染色法从含纤维素类物质的土壤中筛选到一株产纤维素酶菌株QSH3-3,通过形态观察和ITS序列分析,鉴定为草酸青霉Penicillium oxalicum QSH3-3。摇瓶产酶试验结果表明,该菌株的最佳产酶条件为:碳源为0.5%的碱处理过的玉米秸秆粉,氮源为0.2% 硫酸铵,起始pH为7,接种量为5%,产酶温度为30℃,培养时间为4 d。最佳产酶条件下,滤纸酶（FPase）、内切酶（CMCase）和木聚糖酶（Xylanase）分别为12 U、33 U、605 U（U为酶活性单位）;在15℃,其残余酶活力可达70%～80%;在pH 4～9 范围内,其残余酶活力可达70%以上。酶学稳定性研究表明,FPase、CMCase和Xylanase在pH 4～9范围残余酶活力达85%以上,具有较强的酸碱适应能力;FPase、CMCase和Xylanase在45℃以上酶活力迅速下降,耐热性较差。该菌株具有较高的木聚糖酶活力以及较强的低温、pH的耐受力,因而该菌株在田间温差大、土壤偏碱性等复杂条件下对秸秆纤维素类物质的降解具有较高的应用潜力。     

基于土壤微环境分层的平原水稻灌区磷污染模型

灌溉农田产生的非点源磷是造成水体富营养化的主要原因之一,但是目前国内外的磷污染模型对于平原灌区灌溉和排水管理下的水分运动过程和氧化还原条件下的磷转化过程的定量表征还比较欠缺。该研究构建了适用于平原水稻灌区水分运动和磷转化迁移的机理性磷污染模型,模型根据稻田水量平衡和沟道运动波方程模拟灌区产汇流,采用考虑土壤微环境分层的磷转化模型和对流扩散方程模拟灌区产汇污。模型中将耕作层分为有氧层和无氧层,定量表征了由于水田干湿交替导致的土壤分层溶解氧变化和磷的转化过程。为了验证模型的可靠性,利用黑龙江省和平灌区2018年试验田实测田间土壤水、积水及排水和2条支沟实测排水的水量和水质数据对模型进行了率定和验证。验证结果显示试验田、一排和七排排水的径流流量、磷浓度的模拟结果与实测结果都吻合较好。模拟排水流量的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数（NSE）和决定系数（R2）分别大于0.820和0.815;模拟总磷浓度的NSE和R2分别大于0.811和0.821;考虑土壤微环境分层后得到的土壤可溶磷垂向分布结果比不考虑分层时与原位实测结果更接近。该磷污染模型被用于模拟和平水稻灌区的非点源磷污染。灌区磷污染浓度过程统计结果显示,2018年水稻生育期内通过排水和渗漏流失的磷为1.88 kg/hm2,约占施肥和灌溉磷输入的5.7%。其中分蘖期和拔节孕穗期径流磷输出负荷最大,分别为0.85和0.60 kg/hm2;泡田期和分蘖期渗漏输出负荷最大,分别为0.11和0.16 kg/hm2。灌区一排和四排由于控制面积大,输出磷污染物总量大于其他排水沟。该研究所构建的磷污染模型包含稻田灌溉和排水过程的水分运动及稻田干湿交替引起的氧化还原变化条件下的磷转化和运移,可为平原灌区水肥运筹管理下的磷运移模拟提供更准确的方法。     

新疆哈密瓜SRAP反应体系建立和优化

[目的]研究新疆哈密瓜SRAP反应的最佳体系,为进一步研究新疆哈密瓜分子标记辅助育种提供基础.[方法]采用均匀实验设计法对新疆哈密瓜SRAP - PCR反应体系的5个主要因子进行优化.[结果]优化后的SRAP - PCR反应体系扩增多态性高、带型清晰、稳定性好,是新疆哈密瓜SRAP扩增的最佳条件.利用该优化体系,对12个新疆哈密瓜地方品种基因组DNA进行SRAP扩增,大部分材料扩增出来的带清晰可辨、条带丰富、背景无干扰,满足分子标记应用的要求.[结论]20 μL的反应体系中各成分用量或浓度为:模板DNA 36 ng、Taq DNA聚合酶2.5U、dNTPs2.2 5 mmol/L、引物0.6μmol/L、Mg2+ 1.75 mmol/L和2μL10×PCR buffer.     

不对称信息下风险投资家与风险企业家之间的委托代理问题研究

风险投资体系以多重激励和不对称信息为特征,风险投资的三方利益主体之间存在着双重委托-代理关系,有效控制代理风险是风险投资高效运作的基本前提。本文基于信息经济学原理,分析了风险投资家与风险企业家之间代理风险的成因,并从委托人的角度讨论了风险治理的原则和投资契约的构造。     

Diagnosis of canine claw disease – a prospective study of 24 dogs

The aetiology of claw disease in 24 dogs exhibiting only claw disease was investigated with cytologic examination of claw exudate, complete blood count (CBC), serum biochemistry panel, urinalysis, total thyroxine (tT4) concentration, antinuclear antibody (ANA) titre, bacterial culture and sensitivity testing, fungal culture, histopathology of claw biopsy samples and elimination diet. Abnormalities on the CBC, serum biochemistry panel and urinalysis were minor and nonspecific. Total T4 concentrations were within the normal laboratory reference range. Fungal cultures and ANA titres were negative in all dogs. A bacterial infection was present in approximately half of the dogs. On histological examination of claw tissue, a cell-poor or cell-rich interface onychitis was seen in all but one dog. Evidence for an adverse reaction to food was present in four dogs. One dog responded completely to antibiotic therapy. Interface onychitis seems to be a histological reaction pattern of the claw matrix in the dog with various possible underlying aetiologies. In dogs with claw disease as the only clinical sign, the recommended initial diagnostic evaluation includes cytologic examination, bacterial culture and sensitivity, claw biopsy and an elimination diet.