Classification schemes for the acidity,base saturation,and acidification status of forest soils in Switzerland

Soil chemical parameters related to soil acidity were determined for 1450 soil samples taken from individual mineral soil horizons in 257 forest soils in Switzerland, 196 developed from carbonate‐containing and 61 from carbonate‐free parent material. The distribution of pH values and exchangeable base cations in corresponding pH ranges were related to the capacity and rate of buffer reactions in the soil. Based on this, five acidity classes for individual soil samples were defined. To describe and classify the status of soil acidity and base saturation (BS) of an entire soil body, the pH and the BS of the total fine earth in the soil were calculated from the pH and BS, respectively, of the individual soil horizons and the estimated volumetric content of fine earth. The status of soil acidification of soil profiles was assessed primarily using the total amount of exchangeable acidic cations in percent of the CEC of the fine earth in the entire soil profile. As a second factor, the gradient between the acidity class of the most acidic soil horizon and the estimated acidity class at the beginning of soil formation was used. The application of these classification schemes to our collection of soil profiles revealed the great influence played by the type of parent material. The acidification status of most soils on carbonate‐containing parent material was classified as very weak to weak, whereas soils on carbonate‐free parent material were found to be strongly to very strongly acidified. In terms of parent rock material, microclimate, and natural vegetation, the results of this study and the proposed classification schemes can be considered appropriate for large parts of Europe.     

硫化氢参与植物抗逆境胁迫研究进展及其在果蔬保鲜中的应用

低浓度的H₂S作为一种气体信号分子,在植物抗逆境胁迫中发挥着重要作用,能够缓解干旱、重金属等逆境胁迫带来的氧化损伤,激活采后果蔬抗氧化系统,调节活性氧(ROS)代谢平衡,对采后果蔬具有较好的保鲜效果。本文通过对H₂S参与植物抗逆境胁迫响应,H₂S与其他信号分子相互作用,以及H₂S在果蔬采后保鲜中的应用等方面进行综述,旨在为H₂S的深入研究提供参考依据。     

Opioid dysphoria in three dogs

Objective: To describe the clinical manifestations and response to management of opioid dysphoria in 3 dogs. Case summary: Three dogs being managed for post‐operative pain were evaluated. All 3 dogs had been managed with various opioids including morphine, hydromorphone, and fentanyl following the surgical procedure. The 3 dogs exhibited vocalization that did not respond to interaction and did not change with administration of analgesic and anxiolytic agents. The dogs were treated with naloxone and, within 5 minutes of its administration, ceased vocalizing, and became aware and interactive with their environment. Further pain management consisted of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory medications, alpha‐2 (α₂) receptor agonists or the partial μ‐receptor opioid agonist, buprenorphine. New and unique information provided: Vocalization and lack of response to interaction with humans are clinical signs which can be seen in dogs with opioid dysphoria, and generally are not responsive to analgesics or sedation. Reversal with naloxone results in rapid resolution of vocalization and opioid‐induced dysphoria.     

NON-SELECTIVE ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY IN THE NORMAL DOG AND CAT

Non-selective angiocardiograms were performed on clinically normal mature dogs and cats to determine the optimal contrast medium dose. A dose of 200 mg of iodine per 0.45 kg of body weight was found to give the most consistent results. A 105 mm spot film camera was used at a speed of 2 frames per second. No study took longer than 11 seconds to complete. The technique provided good visualization of the cranial vena cava, pulmonary outflow tract, the pulmonary arteries, left atrium, left ventricle and aorta. The technique provided fair visualization of the right atrium, right ventricle, valves and papillary muscles     

Pancytopenia in two horses following administration of potentiated sulfonamide antimicrobials

Adverse drug reactions to potentiated sulfonamide antimicrobial drug combinations have been reported in many species, including horses. This report describes the occurrence of pancytopenia in 2 horses, one subsequent to an immune mediated reaction and the other bone marrow aplasia following the administration of trimethoprim and sulfadimidine. These cases highlight the importance of judicious use of antimicrobial agents and describe adverse drug reactions in horses receiving potentiated sulfonamide antimicrobials.     

不同来源高致病性蓝耳病灭活苗的应用效果研究

摘 要：为了搞清不同厂家生产的高致病性蓝耳病灭活疫苗的应用效果差异,为正确选用高致病性蓝耳病灭活疫苗提供试验依据,试验对珠海市最常用的三个厂家生产的高致病性蓝耳病NVDC-JXA1灭活疫苗的不良反应及免疫效果进行了比较研究。结果发现,三种供试的高致病性蓝耳病灭活疫苗均未引起供试猪发生过敏反应和采食量变化等不良反应;三种供试灭活疫苗经2次免疫后,均能提高抗体水平,其中供试疫苗Ⅲ在首次免疫后即能有效产生抗体,而供试疫苗I和供试疫苗Ⅱ在首次免疫后不能有效产生抗体。表明供试疫苗Ⅲ能使机体快速有效地产生抗体,免疫效果最好,可作为珠海市高致病性蓝耳病预防接种的首选灭活疫苗。关键词：高致病性蓝耳病;灭活疫苗;不良反应;免疫效果;猪     

马波沙星研究进展

马波沙星作为一种专用于动物的新型第3代氟喹诺酮类广谱抗菌药,其可用于狗、猫、猪、牛等动物的呼吸道、消化道、泌尿道及皮肤感染问题,具有吸收快速且彻底、对组织渗透性强、分布范围广泛特点,同时,其在血浆和组织中的含量较高,消除半衰期长、生物利用度高的良好特性。本文主要对马波沙星的作用机制、药动学、药效学及临床使用、不良影响及注意事项进行综述,为马波沙星在临床使用提供一定的参考价值。     

彰武沙区不良气候条件对人工造林的影响

彰武县沙区造林成活率低,受风吹沙打、降水量少、土壤干旱等不利因素影响较大。调查发现：0～100cm土层土壤含水率对杨树当年生长非常重要,0～100cm土层土壤含水率大于2％,草本植物才能生长正常。应慎重选择造林品种,以乡土树种为主。从沙地生态保育角度考虑,彰武应以封山（沙）育林、封山（沙）育草、禁山禁牧为主,造林为辅。     

叶绿素荧光动力学在研究植物逆境生理中的应用

叶绿素荧光动力学技术被称为研究植物光合功能的快速、无损伤探针，已逐渐在研究环境胁迫对植物光合作用影响上进行利用，本文就这方面的研究工作及叶绿素荧光动力学基本理论作一综述。     

亚甲蓝与β-胡萝卜素双褪色法在大豆种子脂氧酶缺失育种上的应用研究

F₂大豆种子脂氧酶(Lipoxygenase,Lox-1,2,3)三个同工酶缺失性状筛选鉴定方法的开发,对于脂氧酶缺失的无腥味大豆育种及其表型鉴定具有重要意义。本研究利用脂氧酶Lox-1, 2, 3三个同工酶在不同pH下对亚甲蓝和β-胡萝卜素褪色反应的颜色变化,通过痕量取样,精准鉴定F₂分离世代出现的Lox-1, 2, 3野生型、Lox-1, 2, 3缺失型、Lox-1, 2缺失型、Lox-3缺失型四种表现型,该检测手段不影响含目标性状的个体的正常继代扩繁,为脂氧酶完全缺失大豆新品种的培育及其表型鉴定提供技术支持。