一种基于模板DNA的PCR扩增难易预测方法

借助赋予四种碱基A,G,C,T四个三维空间中的点(0,0,1),(0,1,0),(-1,-1,0),(1,0,0),将一条DNA序列转化为一个二十四维向量。在此基础上利用Fisher线性判别法对人类基因组中189条基因片段进行PCR扩增难易预测,识别率达到了90%。     

Anaphylaxis after rabies vaccination for dogs in Japan

Severe adverse reactions after rabies vaccination in dogs were examined from 317 cases reported to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) in Japan during 15-year period from April 2004 to March 2019. We found that 109 of the 317 dogs showed anaphylaxis (0.15/100,000 vaccinated dogs), and 71 of the 109 cases of anaphylaxis resulted in death (0.10/100,000 vaccinated dogs). We measured bovine serum albumin (BSA) in four commercially available rabies vaccines and found the levels ranged from 0.1 to 16.6 µg/dose. Our survey showed that the rate of anaphylaxis to rabies vaccines in dogs is rare, although some cases of anaphylaxis resulted in death. Veterinarians should be well prepared to deal with vaccine-associated anaphylaxis.     

长沙市重性精神疾病社区药物治疗的安全性研究

目的 评价分析长沙重性精神疾病社区药物治疗的安全性。方法 以社区药物治疗的365例重性精神病患者为对象,对3次锥体外系副反应量表（rating scale for extratyramidal side effects,RSESE）、异常不自主运动量表（abnomal involuntary movement scale,AIMS）、精神性不良反应量表（udvalg for kliniske under-sogelser,UKU）及实验室、心电图检查统计分析以探讨药物治疗安全性。结果 3次RSESE评分值比较无统计学意义;第1、3次AIMS评分值比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）;第1次与第2、3次UKU评分值比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）;第1、3次血常规间、第1次与第2或3次血糖间、第1或2次与第3次血脂间、第1、2次肾功能间比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）;3次肝功能、激素、心电图比较无统计学意义。锥体外系副反应以震颤、肘强直、固定姿态多见;异常不自主运动副反应以上肢面部、唇口周部多见;精神性不良反应以无力、思睡、注意力下降多见。结论 重性精神疾病社区药物治疗不良反应评估稳定,安全性较高,对药物锥体外系副反应及生化、血象、心电图异常情况,须监测、复诊,以减少不良反应的发生。     

Clinical pharmacology of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in dogs

OBJECTIVES: To discuss the clinical pharmacology of currently licensed veterinary NSAIDs and to review gastrointestinal and renal adverse effects as well as drug-drug interactions that have been reported with these drugs. To review the use of NSAIDs in the peri-operative setting and their use in patients with osteoarthritis. To further review the reported effects of NSAIDs on canine articular cartilage and liver as well as the clinical relevance of a washout period. DATABASES USED: PubMed, CAB abstracts and Google Scholar using dog, dogs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and NSAID(s) as keywords. CONCLUSIONS: A good understanding of the mechanisms by which NSAIDs elicit their analgesic effect is essential in order to minimize adverse effects and drug-drug interactions. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is present in at least two active isoforms in the body and is the primary pharmacologic target of NSAIDs. Inhibition of COX is associated with the analgesic effects of NSAIDs. COX is present in the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, along with other areas of the body, and is also the likely reason for many adverse effects including gastrointestinal and renal adverse effects. The newer veterinary approved NSAIDs have a lower frequency of gastrointestinal adverse effects in dogs compared to drugs such as aspirin, ketoprofen and flunixin, which may be due to differential effects on the COX isoforms. There are currently no published reports demonstrating that the newer NSAIDs are associated with fewer renal or hepatic adverse effects in dogs. NSAIDs remain the cornerstone of oral therapy for osteoarthritis unless contraindicated by intolerance, concurrent therapies or underlying medical conditions. NSAIDs are also effective and frequently used for the management of post-operative pain.     

The influence of ADRB2 Gln27Glu genetic polymorphism on clinical effect of β-blocker therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention

AIM: To explore the β₂-adrenergic receptor ( ADRB2 ) Gln27Glu genetic polymorphism in patients receiving β-blocker therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS: ADRB2 Gln27Glu genotypes were measured by TaqMan genotyping technique in 384 patients receiving β-blocker after percutaneous coronary intervention from Guangdong General Hospital. RESULTS: Genotype frequencies accorded with Hardy-Weinberg equilibium (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in clinical characteristics among different genotypes (P>0.05) and neither was there in the kinds of β-blockers. Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated left main disease, diabetes and hypertension were strongly related with major adverse cardiac events (MACE). ADRB2 Gln27Glu genetic polymorphism was not related to MACE (RR:1.408, 95% CI: 0.650~3.053,P>0.05). CONCLUSION: ADRB2 Gln27Glu genetic polymorphism was not related to the clinical effect of β-blocker therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention.     

18例非离子型碘对比剂不良反应分析及防治体会

目的 提高对碘对比剂使用不良反应发生的意识,加强预防、处理措施,减少不良反应发生率。方法 选择我院2014年2月-2016年2月CT检查中使用碘对比剂患者580例,其中CT增强332例,CTA248例,排除临床其他因素,回顾性分析、总结其中18例患者发生不同程度不良反应的临床表现、检查前预防手段及不良反应发生后的处理措施。结果 18例不良反应病例中,Ⅰ度14例,Ⅱ度0例,Ⅲ度0例,分别占比2.4%、0.7%、0%,检查前均给予水化、对比剂加热等预防措施,并排除高危因素,不良反应发生后及时给予对症处理,无严重病例及死亡病例发生。结论 重视碘对比剂使用过程中的安全问题,通过有效预防可降低不良反应发生率,不良反应发生后及时有效的处理可减少危重病例及死亡病例的发生。     

藜麦的饲用潜力及适应性

全球气候变化和食物安全问题给世界农业带来了巨大的压力,开发新作物资源有助于解决全球变化背景下的食物安全问题。藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa)原产于南美洲安第斯山脉,除了籽实营养价值高而全面之外,植株其它部分也具有很高的营养价值,同时藜麦还具有耐贫瘠、耐旱、耐盐碱和耐霜冻等特性,具有很强的环境适应能力,因而具备了成为新的作物和牧草的潜力。本文综合分析了国内外藜麦研究的相关文献,介绍了藜麦作为饲草使用的潜力,总结了其在干旱、贫瘠、盐碱土壤条件下的适应性及其机制,以及其对温度和光照的响应特性,最后对藜麦的深入研究和饲用推广进行了展望。     

Classification schemes for the acidity,base saturation,and acidification status of forest soils in Switzerland

Soil chemical parameters related to soil acidity were determined for 1450 soil samples taken from individual mineral soil horizons in 257 forest soils in Switzerland, 196 developed from carbonate‐containing and 61 from carbonate‐free parent material. The distribution of pH values and exchangeable base cations in corresponding pH ranges were related to the capacity and rate of buffer reactions in the soil. Based on this, five acidity classes for individual soil samples were defined. To describe and classify the status of soil acidity and base saturation (BS) of an entire soil body, the pH and the BS of the total fine earth in the soil were calculated from the pH and BS, respectively, of the individual soil horizons and the estimated volumetric content of fine earth. The status of soil acidification of soil profiles was assessed primarily using the total amount of exchangeable acidic cations in percent of the CEC of the fine earth in the entire soil profile. As a second factor, the gradient between the acidity class of the most acidic soil horizon and the estimated acidity class at the beginning of soil formation was used. The application of these classification schemes to our collection of soil profiles revealed the great influence played by the type of parent material. The acidification status of most soils on carbonate‐containing parent material was classified as very weak to weak, whereas soils on carbonate‐free parent material were found to be strongly to very strongly acidified. In terms of parent rock material, microclimate, and natural vegetation, the results of this study and the proposed classification schemes can be considered appropriate for large parts of Europe.