蜡梅花香及花色色素成分的初步研究

采用顶空固相微萃取吸附6个蜡梅基因型鲜花的香气成分,用色谱/质谱联用仪分析鉴定。结果共检出45个成分,其中鉴定了37个,只有18个共同出现在6个样品中。帖烯在花香中起主导作用,其中反式β-罗勒烯和芳樟醇的含量丰富,另外苯环型化合物乙酸苄酯也在花香成分中占有大的比重。但是各个主要组分在不同的基因型中相对含量差异很大,结果表明不同蜡梅基因型的花香成分存在质和量的变化。此外,选取在颜色表现性状上具有代表性的蜡梅中、内被片,通过一系列的颜色反应和紫外-可见光光度计在200~600nm范围内的扫描光谱分析。结果表明:蜡梅花色色素主要是黄酮类化合物,含有橙酮或/和查耳酮、二氢黄酮或/和二氢黄酮醇及具有邻二酚羟基的黄酮类物质,可能含有黄酮、黄酮醇、异黄酮;杏黄色和黄绿色的花被片(包括中被片和内被片)中还含有微量的叶绿素a,而其他色泽的花被片中不含有叶绿素a;乔种和红心类蜡梅的内被片中还含有花色素及其苷类,且颜色的深浅与其花色素及苷类的含量呈正相关。     

Successful drug development despite adverse preclinical findings part 1: processes to address issues and most important findings

Unexpected adverse preclinical findings (APFs) are not infrequently encountered during drug development. Such APFs can be functional disturbances such as QT prolongation, morphological toxicity or carcinogenicity. The latter is of particular concern in conjunction with equivocal genotoxicity results. The toxicologic pathologist plays an important role in recognizing these effects, in helping to characterize them, to evaluate their risk for man, and in proposing measures to mitigate the risk particularly in early clinical trials. A careful scientific evaluation is crucial while termination of the development of a potentially useful drug must be avoided. This first part of the review discusses processes to address unexpected APFs and provides an overview over typical APFs in particular classes of drugs. If the mode of action (MoA) by which a drug candidate produces an APF is known, this supports evaluation of its relevance for humans. Tailor-made mechanistic studies, when needed, must be planned carefully to test one or several hypotheses regarding the potential MoA and to provide further data for risk evaluation. Safety considerations are based on exposure at no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAEL) of the most sensitive and relevant animal species and guide dose escalation in clinical trials. The availability of early markers of toxicity for monitoring of humans adds further safety to clinical studies. Risk evaluation is concluded by a weight of evidence analysis (WoE) with an array of parameters including drug use, medical need and alternatives on the market. In the second part of this review relevant examples of APFs will be discussed in more detail.     

花卉常规杂交育种的研究进展

本对花卉育种的历史和花卉常规常规杂交育研究进展及各种杂交技术方法进行综述。花卉常规杂交育种的应用领域人：（1）培育花色、花型和香味等观赏性状更加新颖的品种；（2）改变花期；（3）提高花卉适应性和抵抗病虫害能力。并对花卉常规杂交育种未来的研究方向作了展望。     

Sensitivity patterns to house dust mites and forage mites in atopic dogs: 150 cases

This study investigated intradermal test reactions to extracts of six species of mites in 150 dogs with atopic dermatitis. At least one positive reaction was seen in 120 animals (80%). Dermatophagoides farinae attracted the highest number of positive reactions (108 dogs, 90% of dogs and 72% of atopic dogs showing positive reactions). Positive reactions to other mites were not uncommon, with many dogs testing positive for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (32% of dogs tested), Acarus siro (35%), Tyrophagus putrescentiae (30%), Glycyphagus domesticus (27%) and Lepidoglyphus destructor (23%). Sensitivity to D. farinae alone occurred commonly (57% of cases), but multiple sensitivities were seen frequently with the other mites. Cases of sensitivity to only one mite were also seen: D. pteronyssinus (five cases), T. putrescentiae (one case) and G. domesticus (one case). Further studies are needed to appreciate more clearly the precise role played by the different species of mite in canine atopic dermatitis.     

淹水、干旱条件下北空越桔生理反应的研究

采用盆栽试验,研究了'北空'越桔在连续淹水、干旱条件下的生理反应。结果表明,在淹水和干旱条件下,越桔叶片的光合强度、叶绿素含量（Chla、Chlb、Chla＋b、Chla／Chlb）、光量子通量密度降低,而呼吸强度、气孔导度、蒸腾速率升高,随逆境时间加长,变化幅度增大。     

IgE reactivity to milk components in dogs with cutaneous adverse food reactions

We investigated the IgE reactivity to crude and purified milk antigens in the sera of 112 dogs with cutaneous adverse food reactions (CAFRs). Of the 112 dogs, 33 (29%) had specific IgE for crude milk antigens. In the dogs with milk-specific IgE, IgE reactivity to casein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and bovine IgG were 81%, 85%, 39%, 27%, and 35%, respectively. Casein and BSA may be important allergens in dogs with CAFRs. Some canine vaccines contain casein hydrolysate as a stabilizer and the pooled serum with anti-casein IgE showed IgE reactivity to the vaccines containing it. Information about IgE reactivity to casein in dogs with CAFRs could be useful for predicting adverse reactions to the vaccines including casein hydrolysate.     

中外烤烟烟叶中挥发性香气物质的对比分析

以河南、湖南、云南、贵州、吉林与津巴布韦烤烟烟叶为材料,采用美国HP5890Ⅱ-5972气质联用仪定性、内标定量法对国内不同香气风格烤烟与津巴布韦烤烟烟叶中中性挥发性香气物质组成和含量进行了对比分析。结果表明:在所检测出的29种中性挥发性致香物质中,津巴布韦烤烟烟叶中12种香气物质含量最高,其中11种明显高于国内烟叶,如3,4-二甲基-2,5-呋喃二酮、2-乙酰基吡咯、巨豆三烯酮(A、B、C、D)、2-壬烯醛、螺岩兰草酮等,其烤烟烟叶质量和风格表现出显著的焦甜香气息,香气浓郁。国内河南、湖南等浓香风格烤烟内茄酮、糠醛、糠醇、乙酰基呋喃、2-乙酰基吡咯等西柏烷类降解产物和棕色化反应产物含量较高;云南等清香型烤烟中β-大马酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯和3-羟基-β-二氢大马酮等类胡萝卜素类降解产物含量较高。     

乌兰布和沙漠抗逆植物选择试验及利用

乌兰布和地区光，热，水，土资源丰富，在国家开发西北地区的大政策下，适合进行农，林，牧业开发，但是限于本地区干旱，少雨，风沙大的现状，开发要在以改善生态环境为目的的防护林建设的基础上进行，为本地区增选抗性强，生长快，见效快的灌木品种是当务之急，也是长远需要，本试验选取了干旱地区常见的8种沙旱生灌木进行造林实验，选择出最适于该地区生长的灌木品种主造林方式。     

Role of soil redox in growth and fertilizer nitrogen uptake by rice in Thailand paddy soils

Abstract. In a laboratory study, ¹⁵N ammonium fertilizer uptake and rice growth was determined in a non-acid sulphate marine soil (Typic Tropaquept) and an acid sulphate soil (Sulfic Tropaquept). Acid sulphate sensitive (IR 26) and acid sulphate tolerant (IR 46) rice varieties were grown in soil suspensions incubated at four Eh levels (+500, +250, +50, and -150 mV) in microcosms for three weeks. The results showed that rice grown in non-acid sulphate marine soils gave slightly better dry matter weight of 1.8g/pot, greater ¹⁵N uptake of 12.8 mg N/pot, and higher total N uptake of 38.4 mg N/pot than under acid sulphate soil conditions indicating the non-acid marine soil is more favourable to rice culture. Growth as measured by weight of dry matter was significantly reduced from 2.1g/pot under oxidized condition (+500 mV) to 0.8g/pot under highly reduced condition (-150 mV). N uptake by rice was significantly reduced from 16.9 mg/pot at + 500 mV to 4.5 mg N/pot at -150 mV Total N uptake also decreased with decreasing Eh. Growth, ¹⁵N uptake and total N uptake by acid sulphate tolerant rice, IR 46 were significantly higher than the acid sulphate sensitive rice variety, IR 26. Under highly reduced soil conditions (-150 mV), growing rice in acid sulphate soil would require additions of lime, intermittent irrigation and/or mid season drainage in order to increase soil redox potential and remove toxic substances.