绵山羊双羔素提高中国美利奴羊产羔率的研究

[目的]检验绵山羊双羔素的免疫效果,提高中国美利奴羊的繁殖率,增加养羊的经济效益。[方法]应用绵山羊双羔素(睾酮-3-羧甲基肟·牛血清白蛋白),在新疆维吾尔自治区巩乃斯种羊场和新疆生产兵团76团分别免疫中国美利奴新疆型羊841只和军垦型羊3 502只。[结果]新疆型试验组产羔率为143.68%,对照组产羔率为125.10%,试验组比对照组提高产羔率18.58%;军垦型试验组产羔率为120.27%,对照组产羔率为105.05%,试验组产羔率比对照组提高15.22%。[结论]绵山羊双羔素可以提高中国美利奴新疆型和军垦型羊的产羔率。     

基于SHPB试验的桦木压缩动力学特性

【目的】利用木材动态压缩加载试验研究热磨机研磨解离破碎阶段木材原料受动态压缩载荷的动力学特性，并研究应变率、加载方向对木材原料动力学特性的影响，旨在深化木材原料研磨解离机制的研究，为热磨法纤维分离设备及磨片的齿形结构优化设计提供理论指导。【方法】利用 Hopkinson 杆试验装置对含水率为12.65%、密度为0.50 g·cm －3的桦木试件进行应变率约为400，800，1200 s －1，加载方向为径向、弦向和轴向的动态压缩试验，获得桦木在不同应变率及方向上动态压缩加载的解离特征、动态应力－应变曲线及相应的力学特性。【结果】对比分析各组试验后试件的破坏形态发现：1)当应变率约为400 s －1时，径向、弦向和轴向加载的试件主要发生塑性变形；2)当应变率约为800 s －1时，径向加载试件被解离成几大块，并且有一些“火柴棍”状的小试件从大试件上剥离；弦向加载试件沿加载方向上产生更大的塑性变形，并且在试件上、下两端处沿加载方向产生贯穿性裂纹，试件被解离成三大块；轴向加载试件受载面边缘处的纤维大量产生压溃现象，在加载面上产生贯穿性裂纹且有片状小试件从大试件上剥离；3)当应变率约为1200 s －1时，径向加载试件被解离成大量“火柴棍”状的小试件，并且小试件的尺寸明显小于应变率为800 s －1时；弦向加载试件沿加载方向上产生的塑性变形与应变率为800 s －1时相当，但是试件上端处被解离成许多片状的小试件，并且沿加载方向试件上产生了数条贯穿整个试件的大裂纹；轴向加载试件被解离成大量短粗状的小试件，并且小试件上带有明显的褶皱。对比分析各组试验试件的应力－应变曲线发现：1)动态压缩加载条件下桦木的应力－应变曲线可以由屈服点应变分为弹性阶段和屈服后弱线性强化阶段2部分；2)桦木沿径向加载应变率约为400，800，1200 s －1时，其屈服强度和韧性模量分别为4.56，10.49，14.22 MPa 和2.88，8.32，20.70 kJ·cm －3，应变率从400 s －1增加到1200 s －1时，屈服强度和韧性模量分别增加了2.11和6.19倍；3)桦木沿弦向加载应变率约为400，800，1200 s －1时，其屈服强度和韧性模量分别为5.87，7.90，9.65 MPa 和2.53，7.41，12.92 kJ·cm －3，应变率从400 s －1增加到1200 s －1时，其屈服强度和韧性模量分别增加了0.64和4.10倍；4)桦木沿轴向加载应变率约为400，800，1200 s －1时，其屈服强度分别为22.90，71.41，96.37 MPa 和18.79，67.74，114.32 kJ·cm －3，应变率从400 s －1增加到1200 s －1时，其屈服强度和韧性模量分别增加了3.21和5.08倍。【结论】随着应变率的增加，桦木的解离程度加大，径向加载最易解离，轴向加载最难解离；桦木的动态压缩屈服强度、动态压缩韧性模量具有很强的应变率敏感性，是一种应变率敏感材料。     

施钾量对超高产早稻品种产量和稻米品质的影响

以超高产水稻品种陆两优996和淦鑫203为材料,在大田条件下研究了不同施钾量对其产量和稻米品质的影响。结果表明,施钾显著提高双季早稻有效穗数、每穗粒数和产量,增加生物产量、促进茎鞘物质运转,提高抽穗期剑叶的气-叶温差和颖花伤流量,降低抽穗后的根系活力衰退值。施钾量与倒1节间大维管束数、茎秆抗折力和稻米蛋白质含量显著正相关。施钾提高了陆两优996的垩白粒率和垩白度,但降低了淦鑫203的垩白粒率和垩白度。在本试验条件下,最适施钾量为180 kg/hm2。     

灌溉方式对大豆光合性状及土壤水分利用率的影响

设置均匀灌溉、固定隔沟灌溉、交替隔沟灌溉3种灌溉方式,分别在大豆开花期、结荚期和鼓粒期进行灌溉,每次单沟灌水量分为60、45和30 mm 3个水平,以不灌溉为对照,研究了灌溉方式对大豆光合特性的影响.结果表明:灌溉可极显著提高大豆叶片的光合速率和大豆产量,交替隔沟灌45 mm的R4期光合速率、产量与交替隔沟灌60 mm差异不显著,而且土壤水分利用效率最高,从节水增产增效角度分析,交替隔沟灌溉45 mm的灌溉方式最佳.     

Assessing the deposition and canopy penetration of nozzles with different spray qualities in an oat (Avena sativa L.) canopy

Consistent spray coverage that is evenly distributed throughout the canopy is necessary to control pest populations that can negatively affect yield. As applicators are switching to Coarser spray quality nozzles to reduce risk and liability of pesticide spray drift, concerns about efficacy loss are growing. Previous research has indicated that small droplets are the most effective at penetrating through crop canopies, but newer nozzle technologies have improved the effectiveness of larger droplet or Coarser sprays. Research was conducted to assess the canopy penetration of nozzles that produce Coarse, Very-Coarse and Extremely-Coarse spray qualities compared to nozzles that produce Fine and Medium spray qualities. Kromekote collectors were positioned in four configurations in an oat (Avena sativa L.) var. ‘Yarran’ (AusWest Seeds, Forbes, NSW, Australia) crop to quantify the coverage and droplet number densities (droplets cm⁻²) across three application carrier volume rates: 50, 75 and 100 L ha⁻¹. Applications were made in the field in 30 cm tall, tillering oats, with collectors arranged in a randomised complete block design with three replications. The entire study was repeated on the following day. Results showed that droplet number densities were inversely related to the droplet size produced by the nozzles, yet coverage was increased more by application volume rate than droplet size. Thus, both spray drift reduction and improved canopy penetration can be achieved with proper nozzle selection and operation parameters for the control of agronomic pests.     

东沙窝沙漠区不同造林技术效果分析

通过对东沙窝沙漠区采取提前整地、压沙等方式,选用良种壮苗、蘸泥浆、覆沙、平茬复壮、纯林改混交林等综合技术进行造林试验,结果表明,试验区造林成活率、保存率普遍提高,小气候环境明显改善:植被区风速比旷野区降低了25.8%～32.6%;灌木固沙林在夏季降低气温10℃左右,降低地温6～10℃,冬季地面最高温度提高2～4℃。     

营业税改征增值税的税率评估——基于可计算一般均衡模型的研究

营业税改征增值税是完善我国税制的一个重要举措，确定各个产业部门改征增值税后的税率是其中一个关键的环节。运用可计算一般均衡模型可以评估营业税改征增值税之后不同税率的选择对宏观经济和产业结构的影响。政策模拟的结果显示，目前正在实施的营业税改征增值税的试点方案权衡了对财政收入和经济增长以及经济结构的影响，是对经济运行影响较小的稳健选择。     

An experimental study of charcoal degradation in a boreal forest

Degradation rates of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) under natural environmental conditions are largely unknown. Here we present results from a field experiment monitoring the change in mass, C- and N concentrations of a variety of charcoal types in a Norwegian boreal forest over a period of 20 months. The charcoal types represent different feedstock tree species, production temperature regimes, and placements in the forest, i.e. above ground, in the humus layer or in contact with the mineral subsoil. The types of charcoal had different initial C concentrations mainly depending on their production temperature. Nevertheless, all types of charcoal at all placements in the forest showed an initial drop in their C concentrations, which subsequently rose back to reach near initial values in part of the charcoal types. In part of the charcoal types, N concentrations decreased throughout the experiment, exhibiting considerable variation among feedstock species, production temperature regime, and placements in the forest. C/N ratios rose especially in charcoal made from wood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and charcoal that had been stored in contact with the mineral subsoil showed the most rapid mass gain. Our results confirm the important influence of production temperature and feedstock type on the degradation of charcoal, but they also show that microbial activity and environmental conditions play significant roles in charcoal degradation and thus for the fate of pyrogenic carbon under natural conditions.     

Carrier rate of the c.235G>C mutation in the bovine isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IARS) gene of Japanese Black cows at Kagoshima prefecture, Japan,and analysis of the metabolic profiling and reproductive performance of heterozygous cows

Bovine isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IARS) disorder, a major cause of weak calf syndrome, is caused by a homozygous missense (c.235G>C) mutation in the bovine IARS gene of Japanese Black (JB) cattle, which was identified in 2013. However, the extent to which the carrier rate has changed at Kagoshima prefecture, Japan, and whether the carrier status is associated with any clinical or reproductive problems, have yet to be ascertained. In this study, using a real-time polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping assay, we determined the carrier rate in a regional JB cow population at Kagoshima prefecture. Comparative analyses were performed on the metabolic profile test (MPT) results and reproductive performance data obtained for heterozygous carrier and homozygous wild-type cows. In 2009 and 2018, DNA samples were collected from 130 and 462 clinically healthy JB cows, respectively, in Kagoshima prefecture. MPT results and reproductive performance data were evaluated for 62 cows, comprising four heterozygous carriers and 58 wild-type cows. Genotyping revealed that the carrier rate was 6.9% in 2009 and 1.5% in 2018, the difference of which was statistically significant (P<0.005). There were no statistically significant differences between the carrier and wild-type cows with respect to either MPT results or reproductive performance, indicating that the carrier cows have necessary IARS activity to maintain minimal health and reproductive potential.     

0~4周龄云岭红肉鸡赖氨酸适宜需要量的研究

试验通过分析饲粮不同赖氨酸水平对云岭红肉鸡生长性能、氮沉积率及血液生化指标的影响,确定云岭红肉鸡饲粮赖氨酸的适宜需要量。采用单因素试验设计,将180只健康状况良好、体重相近的1日龄云岭红肉鸡随机分为5个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复12只鸡。5组试验鸡饲喂的饲粮赖氨酸水平分别为0.85%、0.95%、1.05%、1.15%、1.25%。结果表明:赖氨酸水平对试验鸡的期末体重、全期增重、平均日增重及料重比有显著影响(P<0.05),当赖氨酸水平为1.15%时期末体重最大739.21 g,全期增重最大701.66 g,平均日增重最大24.19 g,料重比最低1.68。不同赖氨酸水平对丝氨酸、甘氨酸和组氨酸的表观代谢率影响显著(P<0.05)。对血清总氨基酸和血清尿素氮影响显著(P<0.05)。研究表明,0~4周龄云岭红肉鸡适宜赖氨酸水平最适量为1.15%。