A mail survey to estimate the fishery dynamics of southern Florida's bonefish charter fleet

Abstract Bonefish, Albula vulpes (L.), support an economically important recreational fishery in southern Florida, USA that has received little scientific study and has never been adequately assessed. A mail survey of 322 captains that comprise the southern Florida bonefish charter fleet was conducted to acquire a baseline understanding of the primary fishery statistics. The response rate was 59% and a follow‐up telephone survey of non‐respondents indicated no non‐response bias. Experience in the fishery ranged from 3 to 61 years. The annual fishing effort was 30 875 boat days. The majority of the fleet fishing effort occurred in the northern Florida Keys and is presumed to reflect bonefish abundance. The instantaneous mortality rate of released fish was 0.11 year^?1. The majority of the respondents indicated that the bonefish stock had declined over the past decade.     

海南岛东岸、南岸浅水礁区近10年珊瑚礁鱼类种类分布及多样性探讨

根据2004—2013年海南岛东岸、南岸浅水礁区珊瑚礁鱼类监控数据,利用截线样条法、分类学多样性指数、相对丰富度及相似性指数等方法技术对海南岛东岸、南岸浅水礁区珊瑚礁鱼类种类组成及生物多样性进行研究。结果显示,海南东岸、南岸浅水礁区近10年调查珊瑚礁鱼类共计6目32 科64属130种,其中鲈形目居绝对优势;珊瑚礁鱼类密度大致呈现由南向北逐渐递减的趋势;科级多样性平均值为4.41,属级多样性指数平均值为3.09,标准化的G-F指数平均值为0.30;鲈形目珊瑚礁鱼类相对丰富度占有绝对优势,相对丰富度较高的6个科分别为雀鲷科、隆头鱼科、蝴蝶鱼科、天竺鲷科、四齿鲀科及玻甲鱼科;珊瑚礁鱼类在目级极为相似,相似性指数在0.86～1之间;科、属、种级相似性指数较低,均在0.5以下,通过Jaccard's种类相似性指数分析,海南岛东岸、南岸珊瑚礁鱼类种类较多,物种丰富。珊瑚礁鱼体长范围6～10 cm区间的数量最多,其次为0 ～5 cm区间,21～40 cm区间的珊瑚礁鱼类在浅水礁区分布极少。本研究通过对海南岛东岸、南岸浅水礁区珊瑚礁鱼类近10 a的种类分布及多样性进行探讨,旨在为海南岛珊瑚礁生态系统及珊瑚礁鱼类保护与研究提供基础数据及理论依据。     

湖南省棉田杂草调查

对湖南省棉花主产区棉田杂草的种类、发生规律及化学除草情况进行了调查。结果发现, 湖南省棉田常见杂草包括12科, 28种, 其中禾本科杂草占25.00%, 阔叶杂草占67.86%, 莎草科占7.14%; 一年生杂草占78.57%, 多年生杂草占21.43%。相对多度10%以上的杂草有7种, 其中马唐、牛筋草、千金子、铁苋菜、小飞蓬5种杂草为湖南省棉田杂草的优势种, 相对多度分别为37.79%、33.64%、29.15%、26.23%、23.83%。杂草发生呈现3个高峰期, 分别为5月下旬, 6月中下旬, 7月下旬至8月初, 杂草防除主要采用苗前土壤处理和苗后茎叶处理相结合的化学防除方法。     

Abundance and culture trials of Ruditapes philippinarum (Adam and Reeve, 1850), and abundance of Tellina (Quidnipagus) palatum (Iredale, 1929) at two sites in Kāne'ohe Bay,O'ahu,Hawai'i

Abundance, length‐frequencies and distribution of Ruditapes philippinarum (Manila Clams) and Tellina (Quidnipagus) palatum were measured at two beaches in Kāne'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i in June, 2010. Abundances had decreased from 866.2 m^?2 to 3.4 m^?2 for Ruditapes and from 75.5 m^?2 to 1.5 m^?2 for T. palatum since 1977. Distribution of both species was patchy, but both were most commonly found >40 m from shore. Size frequencies of live clams compared with empty shells suggest that few Ruditapes survive to sexual maturity. A similar trend was not detected for T. palatum. Aquaculture trials of R. philippinarum were conducted at the He'eia and Moli'i traditional Hawaiian fishponds in the same bay. The clams failed to thrive, although triploid and diploid Crassostrea gigas performed well in concurrent trials in the same fishponds. Current lower abundances for wild R. philippinarum could be due to factors related to predation or nutrient limitations. Previously, two large sewage outfalls existed at the surveyed clam bed areas which may have temporarily increased nutrient availability for both wild and cultured clams. Current nutrient levels may inhibit Manila clam growth and recruitment in Kāne'ohe Bay.     

1999—2011年东、黄海鲐资源丰度年间变化分析

根据1999—2011年我国鲐大型灯光围网渔业数据,使用广义线性模型(generalized linear model,GLM)和广义加性模型(generalized additive model,GAM)估算了影响CPUE的时间(年、月)、空间(经度、纬度)、捕捞性能和环境效应[海表面温度(sea surface temperature,SST)、海表面高度、海表面叶绿素浓度],并以年效应作为资源丰度指数,分析了东、黄海鲐资源丰度的年间变化,东、黄海鲐资源丰度指数的年间变化与产卵场海表面温度以及捕捞强度间的关系。GAM结果表明,时间、空间、捕捞和环境变量对CPUE偏差的解释率为11.69%,其中变量年的解释率最大,占总解释率的38%。结果显示,1999—2011年东、黄海鲐鱼资源丰度指数(abundance index,AI)总体上呈下降趋势,2008年以来更是持续下降,丰度指数由2008年的1.22降至2011年的0.82。东、黄海鲐资源丰度指数年间与产卵场呈正相关,关系式为AI=-3.51+0.23SST(P0.05),这表明较高的产卵场SST对鲐资源量增加有利。过高的渔获量以及我国群众围网渔业渔船数量的快速增长是导致近年来鲐鱼资源下降的重要原因。     

Variation in pre‐treatment count lead time and its effect on baseline estimates of cage‐level sea lice abundance

Treatment efficacy studies typically use pre‐treatment sea lice abundance as the baseline. However, the pre‐treatment counting window often varies from the day of treatment to several days before treatment. We assessed the effect of lead time on baseline estimates, using historical data (2010–14) from a sea lice data management programme (Fish‐iTrends). Data were aggregated at the cage level for three life stages: (i) chalimus, (ii) pre‐adult and adult male and (iii) adult female. Sea lice counts were log‐transformed, and mean counts by lead time relative to treatment day were computed and compared separately for each life stage, using linear mixed models. There were 1,658 observations (treatment events) from 56 sites in 5 Bay Management Areas. Our study showed that lead time had a significant effect on the estimated sea lice abundance, which was moderated by season. During the late summer and autumn periods, counting on the day of treatment gave significantly higher values than other days and would be a more appropriate baseline estimate, while during spring and early summer abundance estimates were comparable among counts within 5 days of treatment. A season‐based lead time window may be most appropriate when estimating baseline sea lice levels.     

虚阳外越病机与证治规律探析

虚阳外越是指在阳气本已亏虚的病理状态下,阴气仍不能正常地发挥其收敛潜降的作用,阳气虽虚却浮越于外而不得返宅,其包括阳虚阴盛状态下的上热下寒证和阴盛格阳证,及阴虚阳亢状态下,久病阴损及阳证。研究虚阳外越就必须从阴阳二气各自的特性以及阴阳对立制约、互根互生的关系入手,才能更加准确地把握虚阳外越的根本病机和病理表现,更好地鉴别“实火”和“虚火”,并最终为摄生防病及其辨证论治提供理论指导。     

南澳白沙湾海藻养殖区内外渔业资源声学评估

为初步了解南澳岛白沙湾海藻养殖区鱼类资源状况,利用便捷式分裂波束式Simrad EY60科学探鱼仪,于2015年4月28日、12月2日与2016年4月19日对该海域进行3次声学调查,结果显示,3次调查中藻区内、外鱼类资源丰度密度分别为3.45/1.38×105、0.63/1.45×105、3.67/2.98×105尾/n mile2。藻区内春季鱼类资源量显著高于冬季,资源丰度密度随季节变化显著;藻区外资源丰度密度变化较小且均匀;藻区内、外鱼类资源丰度密度最高值出现于2~6 m水层,6~8 m次之,表、底层最小,资源丰度密度受深度影响显著。在海藻养殖期间,藻区内鱼类资源丰度密度较藻区外大且年变化明显,表明海藻生物量对鱼类资源量及其分布变化具有一定影响。本次调查通过声学评估技术对海藻养殖区鱼类资源进行初步评价,为其具有改善水质环境、恢复渔业资源的作用提供理论依据。