人工神经网络预测尾砂充填对地下水中锌含量影响

[目的]研究了人工神经网络预测尾砂充填对地下水中Zn含量影响的可行性.[方法]采用误差反向传播神经网络(BP神经网络),建立了充填体放置时间、不同来源地下水水样、浸泡时间与重金属Zn含量之间的动态模型,预测广西某金属矿山全尾砂胶结充填体试块对地下水Zn含量的影响.[结果]当网络隐含层层数为1、节点数为7时,建立的BP神经网络预测模型能够较好地预测全尾砂胶结充填对地下水重金属Zn含量的影响.[结论]该研究为地下水环境的保护和矿区尾砂的安全处理处置提供了科学依据.     

硼锌钼对烟叶生长发育和产量产值的影响

在平顶山叶县布置田间小区试验,采用基施和喷施相结合、单施和复施结合的方法,研究了硼锌钼及其配合施用对烟叶生长发育指标和产量产值的影响。结果表明,喷施Zn肥或硼锌钼肥配合基施对促进烟株的生长发育效果明显,Mo肥基施和Zn肥喷施处理在提高烟叶上中等比例方面效果明显,而B肥基施、硼锌钼肥混合基施或Zn肥喷施处理均有利于烟叶产量和产值提高。     

硒、锌和富啡酸配施对不同质地潮土紫花苜蓿产量及鲜干比的影响

采用池栽方式,以砂土、壤土、黏土三种质地潮土为主处理,以仅施氮磷钾(即对照,NPK),氮磷钾+富啡酸(NPK+FA),氮磷钾+复合微肥(锌和硒)(NPK+Zn+Se),氮磷钾+富啡酸+复合微肥(锌和硒)(NPK+FA+Zn+Se)等4个施肥处理为副处理的裂区试验,研究不同质地条件下施肥对紫花苜蓿鲜草产量及鲜干比的影响。结果表明三种质地条件下紫花苜蓿鲜草产量表现为:壤土黏土砂土,且均随茬次增加逐渐降低,以砂土条件下降幅最大。三种质地条件下,适量富啡酸均显著促进了苜蓿鲜重的增加,且均以富啡酸与硒、锌微肥配施效果最好。各茬均以砂土条件下苜蓿鲜干比最低,但各处理间差异不显著。     

3种作物对添加外源性Cu、Zn的土壤中Cu、Zn的富集与转运

以Cu、Zn为研究对象,分别在土壤中添加猪粪10 g·kg-1、猪粪10 g·kg-1+Cu 63 mg·kg-1+Zn 54 mg·kg-1、猪粪10 g·kg-1+Cu126 mg·kg-1+Zn 108 mg·kg-1,同时设置不添加猪粪和外源性Cu、Zn的对照处理组,通过盆栽试验研究了施用猪粪和外源性Cu、Zn后土壤中Cu、Zn在大蒜、白菜和玉米体内的富集和转运特征。结果表明,只添加猪粪能显著提高作物生物量,而添加猪粪+高剂量的Cu+Zn可抑制作物生长。其中不同作物的抑制强度表现为白菜大蒜玉米,同种作物的抑制强度表现为根部茎叶部。3种作物对Zn的积累显著高于Cu,其中大蒜对Cu的累积主要分布在茎叶部,对Zn的积累主要分布在根部,而白菜和玉米对Cu的积累主要分布在根部,对Zn的积累主要分布在茎叶部。在添加猪粪+Cu+Zn处理的3种作物中,Cu浓度均低于国家的食品限量卫生标准,而白菜和玉米中Zn浓度均高于国家的食品限量卫生标准,在添加猪粪+低剂量的Cu、Zn处理的大蒜中,Zn浓度低于国家食品的限量卫生标准。土壤中Cu、Zn全量和有效态含量与大蒜、白菜和玉米的茎叶和根部Cu、Zn含量具有显著的相关性(P0.01),因此,可用土壤中Cu、Zn全量或有效态含量表征植物各部分吸收Cu、Zn的效果。3种作物对Zn的富集系数和转运系数均大于Cu。其中对Cu的富集系数表现为大蒜白菜玉米,对Zn的富集系数表现为白菜玉米大蒜。3种作物只添加猪粪处理对Cu、Zn的富集系数均略有上升,而添加猪粪+Cu+Zn处理的富集系数随Cu、Zn添加浓度的提高而下降,白菜和玉米对Cu、Zn的转运系数均下降,大蒜对Cu的转运系数上升,对Zn的转运系数下降。添加猪粪和高剂量外源性Cu、Zn可显著抑制作物生长,作物对Cu的积累显著低于Zn,对Zn的富集系数和转运系数均大于Cu;作物各部分对Cu、Zn的吸收效果可用土壤中Cu、Zn全量或有效态含量来表征。     

重碳酸氢根对水稻根区重要有机酸分布的影响与水稻品种耐缺Zn关系的研究

选用缺Zn敏感水稻品种IR26和耐缺Zn水稻品种IR8192-31-2，采用营养液培养方法，研究了缺Zn敏感和耐性水稻品种根生长和根区主要有机酸分布受HCO-3影响的差异。在低锌浓度下，HCO-3严重抑制敏感品种根系生长，而对耐性品种影响很小；苹果酸在敏感品种根区的分布情况是伸长区>分生区>根毛区,而在耐性品种根区的分布情况是伸长区     

Fe对龙葵幼苗Zn毒害耐受性的影响

本研究以龙葵为试验材料,采用水培方法分析了补充Fe对龙葵幼苗Zn毒害耐受性的影响。结果表明,补充200μmol.L 1Fe-EDTA提高了龙葵幼苗对Zn毒害的耐受性。400μmol.L 1ZnCl2处理导致龙葵幼苗株高、根长和叶绿素含量显著减少,并引起H2O2的积累。补充Fe后,植株生长状况得到明显改善,SOD、CAT和APX基因的表达和酶的活性显著提高。同时RT-PCR结果显示,补充Fe后,FeSOD2和CAT1基因的表达明显升高。这些结果表明,Zn毒害对龙葵幼苗生长发育的影响很大程度上可能是由于Zn毒害引起的缺Fe导致的;Zn毒害条件下补充Fe可以通过提高FeSOD2和CAT1基因的表达,提高抗氧化酶的活性,降低ROS的水平,降低植株的氧化伤害。本研究为进一步研究植物响应Zn毒害的生理分子机理,以及植物修复技术的实际应用提供了理论基础。     

Characteristics of Heavy-Metal Tolerance and Growth in Two Ecotypes of Oxyria sinensis Hemsl. Grown on Huize Lead–Zinc Mining Area in Yunnan Province,China

A field survey of herbaceous plants growing on the Huice lead (Pb)–zinc (Zn) mining area in Yunnan, China was conducted to identify species accumulating concentrations of cadmium (Cd), Pb, and Zn. In total, 200 plant samples of 112 species from 34 families were collected. At the same time, 200 soil samples were collected. Based on Cd, Pb, and Zn tolerance and growth, wild Oxyria sinensis Hemsl. was chosen as a primary pioneer plant. Then, to confirm if Oxyria sinensis Hemsl. may be used as a pioneer plant, the tolerance to Cd, Pb, and Zn and growth of two ecotypes (mining-area ecotype and non-mining-area ecotype) Oxyria sinensis Hemsl. were studied further with pot experiments. In 10 samples of wild Oxyria sinensis Hemsl. in the Huice lead–zinc mine, concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in the soil did not correlate with those in the root (P > 0.05) and shoot (P > 0.05), respectively. Correlations between Cd concentrations in root and shoot were not observed (P > 0.05), whereas those of Pb and Zn were observed (P < 0.05). Both the enrichment coefficient and translocation factor were <1 for Cd, Pb, and Zn for the wild Oxyria sinensis Hemsl. In the two ecotypes of Oxyria sinensis Hemsl., in pot experiments, the treatment concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn did not correlate (P > 0.05) with concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in root and shoot. Significant correlations between the concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in root (P < 0.01) and shoot (P < 0.05) were observed in the two ecotypes. Both enrichment coefficient and translocation factors were <1 for Cd, Pb, and Zn in the two ecotypes, respectively. Treatment concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn did not significantly correlate (P > 0.05) with plant height and crowns of the two ecotypes. Treatment concentrations of Pb and Zn did not correlate (P > 0.05) with the biomass of the two ecotypes, whereas that of Cd related significantly to biomass in the two ecotypes. Oxyria sinensis Hemsl. was suggested to utilize a tolerant strategy to heavy metals (i.e., exclusion). It was a pioneer plant and will be used in restoration of a vegetation cover in a Pb–Zn mine after further research in tolerant mechanisms and restoration ability are conducted.     

Comparative Evaluation of Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectroscopy and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for Determining DTPA-Extractable Micronutrients in Soils

A study was conducted for comparative evaluation of atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) for determining extractable zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) in sixty diverse soil samples having a wide range in pH and organic carbon (C). The results were significantly affected by the method of analysis and soil type but generally did not follow a definite trend. Results for extractable Fe in Alfisol samples were significantly greater when using ICP-OES than AAS; and the results for Zn, Cu, and Mn were not significantly different for the two methods. For Vertisol samples, the results for extractable Cu were significantly greater by ICP-OES than by AAS, whereas extractable Fe and Zn were significantly greater by AAS than by ICP-OES, and the results for Mn were not significantly different for the two methods. The results are discussed relative to soil type and differences in soil organic carbon and pH of the samples used in the study.     

螯合剂对铅锌尾矿改良基质上蓖麻幼苗生长和铅锌积累的影响

采用盆栽试验,以铅锌尾矿与对照土壤按1∶1的质量比例混合为培养基质,研究了单独添加乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐(EDTA-Na2)和氨三乙酸(NTA)以及复合添加对蓖麻幼苗生长和重金属积累的影响。结果表明:添加螯合剂后蓖麻生物量和根系形态参数均显著下降。其中,根系形态参数中根尖数下降最明显,与对照相比差异极显著(p<0.01)。各螯合处理蓖麻叶绿素a、b和叶绿素a+b与对照相比均显著下降(p<0.05),且叶绿素b较叶绿素a下降幅度略大。蓖麻叶片中三种抗氧化酶活性均随螯合处理中EDTA添加量的增加先上升后下降。添加螯合剂使蓖麻各部位Pb、Zn含量明显增加,且Pb的增幅较Zn大。螯合剂添加显著提高蓖麻对Pb、Zn的积累能力,其中对Pb的积累能力大于Zn。添加螯合剂明显促进了Pb、Zn从根部向地上部的转移,转移系数在添加EDTA和NTA各3 mmol kg-1处理中达最大值。蓖麻对Pb和Zn有较强的耐性和积累能力,可用于铅锌尾矿废弃地植物修复的进一步研究。     

锌对汞胁迫下小麦种子萌发的影响

通过溶液培养研究了不同浓度锌（Zn）对汞（Hg）胁迫下小麦种子萌发率、芽长、根长以及萌发过程中α淀粉酶、蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果表明,单独Hg（15mg·L-1）胁迫下,小麦种子萌发率降低,根长与芽长受到抑制,α淀粉酶与过氧化氢酶活性降低,蛋白酶活性升高。加入10~100mg·L-1Zn后,种子萌发率未表现出明显变化,根长、芽长及α淀粉酶受抑制情况缓解,缓解程度随Zn浓度升高而下降,表明Zn可在一定程度上缓解Hg对小麦种子的毒害,但须在一定浓度范围内;10mg·L-1Zn减弱了Hg单独胁迫对小麦种子蛋白酶活性的促进作用,使其恢复至接近对照水平,20~100mg·L-1Zn则表现出对蛋白酶的抑制作用,使其活性低于对照水平,并且随Zn浓度升高呈下降趋势。Zn的加入对Hg单独胁迫下活性降低的过氧化氢酶未表现出缓解抑制的作用,反而进一步抑制了酶的活性,并且随着Zn浓度升高,抑制作用逐渐加强。因此,Zn的加入可在总体上缓解Hg胁迫对小麦种子萌发的影响,最适Zn浓度为10mg·L-1,但这种缓解作用只表现在部分方面。