Genome wide association studies (GWAS) of element contents in grain with a special focus on zinc and iron in a world collection of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Genome wide association studies (GWAS) were carried out to map Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) associated with element contents in the grain using 336 spring barley. Of the elements analyzed, Fe content ranged from 21.9 to 91.0 mg kg⁻¹, Zn from 10.4 to 54.5 mg kg⁻¹, Ba from 0.2 to 8.9, Ca from 186.4 to 977.5, Cu from 1.5 to 9.8, K from 353.2 to 7721.5, Mg from 1049.8 to 2024.2, Mn from 8.1 to 22.9, Na from 55.9 to 627.9, P from 2272.9 to 5428.8, S from 880.7 to 1898.0, Si from 19.1 to 663.2, and Sr from 0.35 to 2.62 mg kg⁻¹. GWAS were carried out using 6519 SNP markers and multiple elements in MLM:PCA + K model in TASSEL software. Population analyses showed two sub-populations, primarily based on row types. GWAS for row types showed association with INTERMEDIUM-C, a modifier gene for lateral spikelet fertility in the 4H chromosome, validating current GWAS approach. GWAS also showed that 2 QTL for Ba, 2 for Ca, 4 for Cu, 11 for Fe, 2 for K, 3 for Mg, 6 for Mn, 4 for Na, 3 for S, 5 for Si, and 3 for Zn were mapped in barley chromosomes. The QTL identified in the current study are valuable for breeding nutrient dense barley cultivars in the future, especially Zn and Fe.     

Irrigation and Zn fertilizer management improves Zn phyto‐availability in various rice production systems

Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for rice (Oryza sativa L.) production and its deficiency has been observed in various production systems. High grain Zn concentration is equally important for high rice yield and human health. In this work, the effects of Zn fertilization on seedling growth, grain yield, grain Zn concentration, and their association with root traits were studied under alternate wetting and drying (AWD), aerobic rice (AR), system of rice intensification (SRI), and continuous flooding (CF). Zinc fertilization (15 kg ha^?1) improved nursery seedlings chlorophyll and Zn concentrations, root length, and number of roots with highest values observed in CF. At harvesting, maximum plant height, panicle length, total and panicle bearing tillers, and kernel yield were found with Zn addition in AWD and CF rice systems. Mid season drainage provided at maximum tillering and Zn fertilization increased its concentration in leaves, culms, panicles, and grains under CF and AR at physiological maturity. Most of Zn applied was allocated into culms and panicles, nevertheless, a significant increase in grain Zn concentration was also observed in all production systems. Association of leaf Zn with grain Zn concentration was stronger than with culm and panicle Zn. The results indicate that Zn application after rice nursery transplanting is more important for grain Zn enrichment in all rice systems than for increase in grain yield in all systems except AWD where grain yield was also increased. More grain yield in CF and AWD as compared to SRI and AR can also be attributed to decreased spikelet sterility and to better Zn phyto‐availability in these rice systems at physiological maturity.     

Zinc sorption–desorption by sand,silt and clay fractions in calcareous soils of Iran

Zinc sorption–desorption by sand, silt and clay fractions of six representative calcareous soils of Iran were measured. Sand, silt and clay particles were fractionated after dispersion of soils with an ultrasonic probe. Zinc sorption analysis was performed by adding eight rates of Zn from 6 to 120 μmol g^?1. For the desorption experiment, samples retained after the measurement of Zn sorption were resuspended sequentially in 0.01 M NaNO₃ solution and shaken for 24 h. Results indicated that Zn sorption by soil fractions increased in the order clay > silt > sand, and correlated negatively with CaCO₃ content and positively with cation exchange capacity (CEC) and smectite content. Results indicated that for all fractions, the Langmuir equation described the sorption rates fairly well. In contrast to sorption, Zn desorption from soil fractions increased in the order sand > silt > clay, and correlated positively with CaCO₃ content, CEC and smectite content. Results showed that parabolic diffusion and two constant equations adequately described the reaction rates of Zn desorption. In general, for all soils studied, the coarser the particle size, the less Zn sorption and more Zn desorption, and this reflects much higher risk of Zn leaching into groundwater or plant uptake in contaminated soils.     

微波消解原子分光光度法测定土壤中锌含量消解液的筛选

[目的]筛选微波消解原子分光光度法测定土壤中锌含量的最优消解液。[方法]采用微波消解原子分光光度法测定土壤中锌含量,分别用盐酸+硝酸+氢氟酸、盐酸+硝酸+双氧水作为消解液,对土壤样品进行微波消解,通过对比分析试验,优化合适的消解液。[结果]微波消解原子分光光度法测定土壤锌含量过程中,采用盐酸+硝酸+氢氟酸消解液,消解较为完全,但是吸光度异常、无规律偏高,导致试验失败;盐酸+硝酸+双氧水消解液,能溶解土壤中大部分锌元素,满足分析要求。[结论]采用盐酸+硝酸+双氧水作为消解液测定土壤锌含量满足分析精度要求。     

毛细管离子分析法测定茶叶中的锌、锰、铜、铅和镉

用毛细管离子分析(CIA)法测定了茶叶中的锌、锰、铜、铅和镉,在10mmol/L咪唑,10mmol/Lα-羟基乙酸,pH=4.0的电泳介质中,五种离子在10min内得到了分离,用间接紫外法检测,以外标法定量,五元素的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9973~0.9997,平均回收率在96.4%~104.2%之间,相对平均偏差为2.1%~3.3%,检测限为0.02~0.2μg/ml。此方法快速简便、准确度高、测定成本低。     

杨树吸收富集矿山流域污染土壤重金属的研究

为探究杨树修复矿山流域重金属污染土壤的性能,选取安徽省铜陵市某矿山流域,对其中8个采样点内人工林美洲黑杨（Populus deltoides W. Bar-tram ex Marshall）和立地土壤进行取样,测定了土壤和杨树不同部位Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb和As的含量。参考农用地土地管控标准(GB15618—2018)可知,所有采样点土壤中Cd和Pb的含量均超过农用地风险筛选值;矿山和流域下游土壤中Cd、Pb和As的含量超过农用地土壤风险管控值,Zn和Cu的含量超过农用地风险筛选值。杨树在重金属不同污染程度上的立地土壤中均生长良好,表现出较强的耐受性。从8个样点重金属的平均富集系数（BCF）和转运系数（TF）来看,杨树对Cd的富集转运能力最强,平均BCF达到5.5,平均TF达到1.83,不同部位中树叶富集转运能力相对最强而树枝和树干最弱;对于其他重金属,除树叶Zn的平均BCF达到1.63外,杨树不同部位Pb、As、Zn和Cu的平均BCF均小于1,其中Pb和As的平均BCF均小于0.01,表现出极差的富集能力;杨树对Pb的平均TF小于1,对As、Zn和Cu的平均TF均大于1,在低富集能力水平下表现出较好的转运能力。因此,杨树可作为以Cd-Zn为主的重金属污染土壤的修复树种。     

Zn^2＋对滴水观音抗氧化性的影响

[目的]研究Zn^2＋对滴水观音（AL0cAsIA RHIZOME）抗氧化性系统的影响。[方法]采用水培法。[结果]在低浓度Zn^2＋胁迫下滴水观音叶片过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性有一定的增加,但CAT活性在Zn^2＋浓度超过5mg／L时迅速降低。在高浓度Zn^2＋作用下植株叶片POD、SOD和CAT酶活性均快速变化。这表明低浓度Zn^2＋可促进滴水观音生长,而高浓度Zn^2＋则抑制植株生长。[结论]可以将滴水观音用于净化低浓度含Zn^2＋废水。     

猪苓菌丝液体培养及富锌研究

对猪苓（Polyporus umbellatus Fr.)菌丝进行了液体培养及富集锌研究。结果表明，在培养温度22℃，PH7．0，振荡速度150r/min。培养基中锌添加量为40mg/kg时，猪苓菌丝的生物转化量及菌丝体富锌率最高。     

NYH-1型~(14)C核素高灵敏探测装置

本文描述了可测量低活度1 4 C核素的高灵敏探测装置。在FH 36 7探头的基础上进行了改装 ,更换了闪烁介质 ,增加了物质屏蔽和反符合屏蔽以及相应的电子线路。本装置对1 4 C的探测效率 ,植物干样为 6 93% ,土壤样为 3 2 % ,装置的本底计数为 2 35cpm     

在种母鸡按标准饲喂条件下雏鸡卵黄囊中钙、磷、锰、锌含量的探讨

从按NRC标准饲养的种母鸡所产种蛋新孵出的AA肉用雏鸡中随机选取80只(公母各半),测定卵黄囊中钙、磷、锰和锌的含量及其与出壳体重和卵黄囊重的相关回归关系。结果表明,雏鸡出壳体重为48.15±0.37g,卵黄囊重为7.50±0.16g,卵黄囊中钙、磷、锰、锌的含量分别为26.86±1 90mg、49.46±1.69mg、0.018±0.002mg、0.222±0.011mg。雏鸡卵黄囊重与出壳体重的相关和回归关系显著(P≤0.05,r=0.60,b=0.25),卵黄囊重对出壳体重的回归方程为:Y=0.25X-3.75,卵黄囊中锌和磷的含量与出壳体重的相关及回归关系显著(P≤0.05,r=0.60,b=0.25),卵苏囊 重对出体重的回归方程为y=0.25x-3.75。卵苏囊中锌和磷的含量与出壳体重的相关及回归关系显著(P≤0.05)r=0.22,0.37:b=0.067,1.69)。因此,可由出壳体重估测卵黄囊重,对通过出壳体重估测卵黄囊中锌和磷的含量,也获得较为满意的结果。