内蒙古锡林浩特地区土壤-牧草-家畜系统中Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Mg、Se六种元素含量的分析

对内蒙古锡林浩特地区土壤，牧草，家畜（羊）被毛中6种元素含量进行了测定。结果表明：土壤硒含量于缺乏的临界水平；尖草，羊草及针草中锌含量低于羊正常生长对锌的需求数量，兔毛草及羊草中的硒的含量很低，不能满足其正常生长需要，被毛中硒含量低于临界值，提示羊群缺硒。     

在种母鸡按标准饲喂条件下雏鸡卵黄囊中钙、磷、锰、锌含量的探讨

从按NRC标准饲养的种母鸡所产种蛋新孵出的AA肉用雏鸡中随机选取80只(公母各半),测定卵黄囊中钙、磷、锰和锌的含量及其与出壳体重和卵黄囊重的相关回归关系。结果表明,雏鸡出壳体重为48.15±0.37g,卵黄囊重为7.50±0.16g,卵黄囊中钙、磷、锰、锌的含量分别为26.86±1 90mg、49.46±1.69mg、0.018±0.002mg、0.222±0.011mg。雏鸡卵黄囊重与出壳体重的相关和回归关系显著(P≤0.05,r=0.60,b=0.25),卵黄囊重对出壳体重的回归方程为:Y=0.25X-3.75,卵黄囊中锌和磷的含量与出壳体重的相关及回归关系显著(P≤0.05,r=0.60,b=0.25),卵苏囊 重对出体重的回归方程为y=0.25x-3.75。卵苏囊中锌和磷的含量与出壳体重的相关及回归关系显著(P≤0.05)r=0.22,0.37:b=0.067,1.69)。因此,可由出壳体重估测卵黄囊重,对通过出壳体重估测卵黄囊中锌和磷的含量,也获得较为满意的结果。     

不同基因型油菜锌效率机理Ⅰ ——耐低锌油菜基因型苗期筛选指标研究

采用营养液培养试验比较了低锌营养下芥菜、白菜、甘蓝型3个油菜(Brassica napus L.)品种幼苗的生物量，抗氧化酶活性，根系活力，叶绿素含量及对锌的吸收、利用差异。试验结果表明，3个油菜品种由于基因型不同，在耐低锌营养能力方面存在显著性差异。在低锌时(10-6mol/L Zn2+)，幼苗植株地上部干重以芥菜型>甘蓝型>白菜型，地上部干重分别较无锌对照处理增加17.8%(芥菜型)、9.9%(白菜型)、3.3%(甘蓝型)。芥菜型叶CAT、POD、SOD活性，叶绿素含量及根系活力也明显高于甘蓝型和白菜型油菜。锌积累量及锌利用率也以芥菜型远远大于其它2个品种，锌素利用效率分别为12.3%（芥菜型），8.0%(白菜型)，4.9% (甘蓝型)。苗期油菜叶CAT、POD、SOD等抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量及根系活力可以作为筛选耐低锌营养油菜基因型的评价指标之一。     

有机肥对石灰性土壤中锌,锰生物有效性的影响

本研究发现，有机肥猪粪，牛粪和腐熟玉米秸秆具有一定的提供锌、锰能力；石灰性土壤施有机肥能显著提高土壤锌锰的有效性；有机肥对土壤中锌、锰具有一定的活力能力；锌肥与有机肥配施可降低土壤对锌肥的固定能力，提高锌肥的利用率。     

草炭分解产物对铜、锌吸附的影响

研究了草炭的不同分解产物(水溶性和非水溶性)对棕壤铜、锌吸附作用的影响。结果表明:在一定的pH范围内,草炭水溶性分解产物均不同程度地抑制了铜、锌的吸附,而非水溶性分解产物促进了铜、锌的吸附。吸附等温线试验表明,在不调节pH值的条件下,水溶性和非水溶性分解产物及不同水分条件培养后的分解产物均促进了对铜、锌的吸附。     

Zinc fertilization of lentil for grain yield and grain zinc concentration in ten Saskatchewan soils

Fertilization of grain legumes with zinc (Zn) can affect both marketable yield and Zn content of the grain, which is important in addressing human nutritional deficiencies in certain regions of the world. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the response of three different market classes of lentil to Zn fertilization using ten surface soils from Saskatchewan (Canada). The distribution of Zn among labile and stable fractions chemically separated from the soil was also determined in the ten prairie soils and related to the lentil responses observed. The three market classes of lentils (large and small green, small red) were grown without Zn (control), and with 2.5 and 5 kg Zn ha^?1 added as zinc sulfate to each soil prior to planting. Zinc fertilizer application significantly influenced grain yield and was soil dependent. A significant increase in grain yield over the control was observed from application of Zn on some low organic matter, high pH Brown Chernozem soils whereas a decrease in grain yield over control was observed in other soils such as a Black Chernozem of high organic matter content and low (<7) pH. Lack of positive yield response to addition of Zn were related to measured high diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable and plant root simulator (PRS) resin membrane probe Zn, and large amounts of native Zn in exchangeable and iron/manganese (Fe/Mn) oxide bound fractions. Application of Zn fertilizer generally increased the grain concentration of Zn. For example, an increase of ～20% in Zn concentration over control was observed when 5 kg Zn ha^?1 was added to a loamy textured low organic matter Brown Chernozem soil. Overall, small green lentil was more consistent in producing a positive response to Zn fertilizer application on soils with low plant available Zn compared to large green lentil and small red lentil.     

Influence of green manuring with Sesbania rostrata and Aeschynomene afraspera or urea on dynamics and uptake of nutrients by wetland rice

Nutrient concentrations in the soil and crop uptake from incorporated green manure and urea in flooded rice was studied in field experiments. Release of plant-available nitrogen (NH₄ ⁺-N) from green manure was slightly delayed compared with that from prilled urea (PU) because Sesbania rostrata L. and Aeschynomene afraspera L. released the N gradually after their decomposition, whereas N became available immediately after PU application. Exchangeable NH₄ ⁺-N concentration in soil peaked at 163 mg kg^–1 in the transplanted rice (TPR) and 198 mg kg^—1 in broadcast-seeded rice (BSR) at 0 and 1 week after PU application. Broadcast-seeded rice depleted NH₄ ⁺-N faster than did TPR because of the crop‘s vigorous growth in the former during the early stage. Soil solution NH₄ ⁺-N followed a similar trend to that of soil NH₄ ⁺-N. Incorporation of S. rostrata and A. afraspera increased the concentration of P, K⁺, Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺ in soil solution more than did the application of PU. However, zinc concentration decreased in all treatments. Both PU and green manure increased the N status of the rice plants and enhanced the uptake of P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn by the rice crop. This suggests that application of green manures improves the uptake of these nutrients by the crop. The highest apparent N recovery was obtained with PU followed by green manure. Received: 11 November 1996     

Zn2+ 对海滨木槿种子萌发及根伸长抑制效应的研究

探讨Zn2+对海滨木槿种子萌发及根伸长抑制效应对在污染严重的海滨栽种海滨木槿及海滨重金属污染植物修复具有重要意义。测定了不同Zn2+浓度梯度下的海滨木槿种子发芽率、发芽势及根的伸长量和生物量变化,结果表明,较低浓度的Zn2+能够促进海滨木槿种子萌发,但是海滨木槿种子萌发对高浓度Zn2+不敏感,只有Zn2+的浓度为400 mg/g时才对种子萌发表现出抑制作用。Zn2+对海滨木槿种子发芽的抑制效应远小于对根伸长和生物量的抑制效应。随着Zn2+胁迫浓度的升高,海滨木槿根的伸长量及生物量明显降低,海滨木槿根伸长抑制率与Zn2+的浓度有极好的正相关性。     

应用~(109)Cd~(2+) ~(65)Zn~(2+)示踪技术研究玉米P Cd Zn间的交互作用

模拟土壤环境,采用109Cd2 和65Zn2 核素双标记示踪技术,以玉米为指示植物研究了P、Cd、Zn间的交互作用,P的浓度设计为0.25(CK)、0.6、3.0mmol·L-1,Cd的浓度为6.5×10-3mmol·L-1;Zn的浓度为0.1mmol·L-1。研究结果表明,在P浓度为0.25和0.6mmol·L-1时,植物根系和地上部对109Cd和65Zn的吸收活度都呈增加趋势,当P浓度为3.0mmol·L-1时,植物根系和地上部对109Cd和65Zn的吸收活度下降,说明P的浓度达到一定水平时,会使重金属Cd和Zn的有效态降低,从而降低了植物对重金属的吸收量。通过对植物根系和地上部吸收的Cd和Zn的比较,发现大多数的Cd和Zn积累在根系,从根部输送到地上部的很少。一是因为植物根系从溶液中吸收重金属后,P与Cd或Zn形成难溶物沉淀下来,使从根系输送到地上部的有效态Cd和Zn显著减少(P≤0.01);二是因为根细胞壁表面带有较多的羧酸基团及少量带正电荷的氨基,Zn2 和Cd2 通过静电吸引而吸附在细胞壁上,减少了Cd和Zn向地上部的输送。从研究结果还可看出,根系吸附的Cd的量大于Zn的量,而茎叶与此相反,这是因为Cd为植物非必需元素,Zn为植物必需的微量元素,植物会把其所需要的元素优先输送到地上部,供其生长发育,所以大多数Zn通过木质部被输送到地上部,大多数Cd被滞留在根系中。利用统计方法分析了相同P水平条件下玉米不同部位吸收的Cd和Zn之间的相关性,结果表明根系吸收的Cd和Zn之间及茎叶吸收的Cd和Zn之间的相关性显著(P≤0.01),Cd与Zn之间存在着协同效应。     

苹果叶片缺锌对有关生理生化指标的影响

本文以２０年生‘红星／海棠’、１０年生‘金帅／平邑甜茶’、‘富士／平邑甜茶’苹果树为试材，研究了叶片缺Ｚｎ对叶绿素、可溶性糖、氨基酸、蛋白质含量及碳酸酐酶、ＲＮＡ酶活性的影响。结果表明，缺Ｚｎ叶片碳酸酐酶的活性下降，而ＲＮＡ酶的活性提高。另外，苹果叶片缺Ｚｎ后降低了叶绿素及可溶性糖的含量，抑制了蛋白质的合成，导致了氨基酸的积累，从而影响了器官的正常建造。