Interactive effects of coffee bean supplementation and waterborne zinc toxicity on growth performance,biochemical variables,antioxidant activity and zinc bioaccumulation in whole body of common carp,Cyprinus carpio L.

Roasted coffee powder (RCP; Coffea arabica) is usually used as a beverage for human but there are few attempts to use it as a natural feed supplement in fish diets. In this study, common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., (11.8 ± 0.09 g) were reared in zinc (Zn)‐containing water at concentrations of 0.0 or 5.0 mg/L and cosupplemented with 0.0 or 1.0 g RCP/kg diet for 6 weeks to investigate effects of RCP supplementation, Zn exposure and their interaction on fish performance, biochemical variables, antioxidant activity and Zn bioaccumulation in whole fish body. Fish growth and feed intake were significantly affected by RCP supplementation, Zn toxicity and their interaction. However, fish fed a RCP‐supplemented diet did not exhibit better performance than those fed the RCP‐free diet and both diets produced higher fish performance than the Zn‐toxicated fish. It is noticed that RCP supplementation to Zn‐toxicated fish enhanced their growth, and feed utilization as compared to Zn‐toxicated fish alone. Fish fed control and RCP‐enriched diets showed no significant differences in biochemical variables, which were significantly altered due to waterborne Zn toxicity. Moreover, Zn reduced significantly; meanwhile, RCP supplementation increased significantly superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. Notably, Zn exposure could reduce fish growth and antioxidant activity and increase Zn deposition in whole fish body. And RCP intake could enhance the antioxidant activity exerting a protective effect against Zn toxicity, thereby reducing Zn bioaccumulation in whole fish body.     

氮磷钾锌对玉米茎基腐病及产量的影响

在小麦-玉米轮作制下,通过2 a的定位施肥后,研究了氮、磷、钾、锌对玉米茎基腐病及产量的影响。结果表明:氮是影响玉米茎基腐病的首要营养因子、钾次之,连续高量施氮处理发病最重、连续不施钾处理次之,施钾可显著减轻茎基腐病的发生;氮是影响玉米产量的首要营养因子、磷次之,在氮磷配施的基础上施用钾肥可以显著提高产量、减缓发病;连续高量施磷处理的土壤有效锌含量最低,连续高量施氮处理次之;在氮磷钾配施的基础上施用锌肥,可以显著提高产量,改善玉米后期穗位叶部性状,减轻病害发生。     

四种微量元素在鲇鱼组织中积累分布规律研究

采用静态染毒法,研究了安全浓度混合的微量元素铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)和锰(Mn)在鲇鱼(Silnrus asotus)组织中短期的积累分布规律。结果表明,不同的微量元素在鲇鱼体内不同组织的积累分布不同,Fe和Mn在鲇鱼的肝脏中有极显著积累(P0.01),在肌肉和鳃中的积累并不显著。Cu和Zn的含量暴露期间在鱼体各组织中无明显的积累。不同微量元素在鲇鱼体内的积累分布与不同组织的生理功能密切相关。     

微波消解原子分光光度法测定土壤中锌含量消解液的筛选

[目的]筛选微波消解原子分光光度法测定土壤中锌含量的最优消解液。[方法]采用微波消解原子分光光度法测定土壤中锌含量,分别用盐酸+硝酸+氢氟酸、盐酸+硝酸+双氧水作为消解液,对土壤样品进行微波消解,通过对比分析试验,优化合适的消解液。[结果]微波消解原子分光光度法测定土壤锌含量过程中,采用盐酸+硝酸+氢氟酸消解液,消解较为完全,但是吸光度异常、无规律偏高,导致试验失败;盐酸+硝酸+双氧水消解液,能溶解土壤中大部分锌元素,满足分析要求。[结论]采用盐酸+硝酸+双氧水作为消解液测定土壤锌含量满足分析精度要求。     

A Robertsonian translocation from Thinopyrum bessarabicum into bread wheat confers high iron and zinc contents

Development of wheat–alien translocation lines has facilitated practical utilization of alien species in wheat improvement. The production of a compensating Triticum aestivum–Thinopyrum bessarabicum whole‐arm Robertsonian translocation (RobT) involving chromosomes 6D of wheat and 6E^b of Th. bessarabicum (2n = 2x = 14, E^bE^b) through the mechanism of centric breakage–fusion is reported here. An F₂ population was derived from plants double‐monosomic for chromosome 6D and 6E^b from crosses between a DS6E^b(6D) substitution line and bread wheat cultivar ‘Roushan’ (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) as female parent. Eighty F₂ genotypes (L1–L80) were screened for chromosome composition. Three PCR‐based Landmark Unique Gene (PLUG) markers specific to chromosomes 6D and 6E^b were used for screening the F₂ plants. One plant with a T6E^bS.6DL centric fusion (RobT) was identified. A homozygous translocation line with full fertility was recovered among F₃ families and verified with genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Grain micronutrient analysis showed that the DS6E^b(6D) substitution line and T6E^bS.6DL stock have higher Fe and Zn contents than the recipient wheat cultivar ‘Roushan’.     

Effect of arsenic on concentrations and translocations of mineral elements in the xylem of rice

By using Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique, the effect of arsenic (As) on the mineral contents and translocation in the xylem of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. ‘Akihikari’) was studied. The results suggest that exogenous As increased the concentrations of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), and manganese (Mn) in xylem, while the concentrations of potassium (K) remained unchanged. The highest concentration of As to the rice roots did not have any clear effect on the translocation of P, Ca, S, and chlorine (Cl) in the xylem, indicating that the increasing concentrations of the minerals may be due to a condensation effect, resulting from the repression of water movement in xylem by As-toxicity. Among the metal micronutrients, As decreased the concentrations and translocations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu).     

不同时期施锌对旱稻籽粒锌积累的影响

为了探明不同时期施锌肥对旱稻籽粒锌积累的影响,在田间条件下对两个旱稻供试品种(巴西陆稻和旱稻502)进行不同时期施锌肥(100 kg/hm~2 ZnSO_4·7H_2O)处理(基施或花前7 d土壤追施),收获期对旱稻各器官锌含量进行测定和分析.结果表明,与对照(未施锌)和基施锌肥相比,花前7 d追施锌肥能显著增加地上部生物量和籽粒产量.施锌肥两处理均显著提高了旱稻地上部锌积累量.与基施锌肥相比,花前7 d施锌肥更能增加旱稻糙米中锌的含量,但在巴西陆稻上两种施锌方法对籽粒产量的增加均不显著.     

土施和喷施锌肥对冬小麦子粒锌含量及生物有效性的影响

为揭示潜在性缺锌土壤上不同施锌方式对小麦子粒锌含量及其生物有效性的影响,选用5个冬小麦品种进行了土施和喷施锌肥的田间裂区试验。结果表明,供试土壤条件下,不同施锌方式对小麦产量均无明显影响,但是在一定施锌方式下小麦子粒锌含量大幅度提高。与对照相比,土施、喷施及土施+喷施锌肥提高小麦子粒锌含量幅度分别为-6.1%、64%和83%,提高小麦子粒锌携出量幅度分别为-3.6%、69%和83%。3个施锌处理降低子粒中植酸含量的幅度分别为-2.4%、7.2%和1.5%,降低植酸与锌摩尔比的幅度分别为-25%、41%和44%,且不同品种之间也存在一定差异;虽然植酸与锌的摩尔比有所下降,但仍高于20。此外,单独土施锌肥虽可大幅度提高耕层土壤有效锌含量,但对子粒锌含量及生物有效性的影响很小。总之,在小麦生长后期喷施锌肥是提高潜在性缺锌土壤上小麦子粒锌含量和生物有效性较为经济的方式,对改善小麦锌营养品质有较好作用。     

松嫩平原耕作黑土Cu、Pb、Zn的污染现状分析

黑土区是中国重要的商品粮生产基地之一,对于中国的粮食安全和国民经济的稳定起着举足轻重的作用。此文以松嫩耕作黑土土壤为研究对象,对呼兰、绥化、海伦、依安与嫩江5个调查区的土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn的污染现状进行研究,揭示耕作黑土的健康状况,为黑土生态系统的科学管理提供理论依据。采用内梅罗综合污染指数法及TOPSIS法进行环境质量综合评价。结果表明：土壤Cu、Pb、Zn的污染程度,由东南至西北未表现出明显的分布规律。呼兰、依安土壤Cu、Pb、Zn的污染程度低于绥化、海伦和嫩江;大部分样地土壤Cu、Pb、Zn污染程度具有随剖面深度的增加而增加的特点,仅有绥化土壤10~20 cm土层污染程度小于0~10 cm土层。Cu、Pb、Zn各元素之间没有呈现显著的相关性,表明3种元素来源是不同的。两种方法的评价结果基本一致,研究区域黑土环境质量良好。     

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on zinc uptake, translocation and accumulation in winter wheat during whole plant growth stages

Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could play important roles in zinc (Zn) uptake in host plants, the effects of AMF on Zn uptake and transport in winter wheat during the whole growth stages remain unclear. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Funneliformis mosseae (Fm) and Claroideoglomus etunicatum (Ce) on Zn absorption, transport, and accumulation in winter wheat growing in soils spiked with different Zn levels (0, 2.5, and 25 mg kg^-1). The results showed that there was a significant correlation between mycorrhizal colonization rate and Zn absorption efficiency in winter wheat roots during the post-anthesis period, but there was no significant correlation during the pre-anthesis period. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly increased Zn concentrations (0.56-1.58 times) in wheat grains under 0 mg kg^-1 Zn level, but decreased Zn concentrations in wheat grains under 25 mg kg^-1 Zn level. Additionally, at the filling and maturity stages, AMF increased Zn absorption rate and the contribution of root Zn uptake to grain Zn by 3-14 and 0.36-0.64 times, respectively, under 0 mg kg^-1 Zn level and 0.21-1.02 and 0.27-0.37 times, respectively, under 2.5 mg kg^-1 Zn level. However, AMF decreased root Zn absorption rate (0.32-0.61 times) and increased the contribution of Zn remobilization in vegetative tissues to grain Zn (1.69-2.01 times) under 25 mg kg^-1 Zn level. This study would complement the mechanisms and effects of AMF on Zn absorption and transport in winter wheat and provide a potential method for the application of AMF to enrich wheat grain Zn.