Survey of small-enterprise chicken operations in the United States

The National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) Small-Enterprise Chicken study was conducted to better understand bird movement and biosecurity practices of commercial poultry operations having fewer than 20,000 chickens. A stratified random sample of 2511 operations having 1000–19,999 chickens was selected from a list maintained by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), based primarily upon data from the 2002 Census of Agriculture; 1789 (72.1%) operations participated in the study. Over one-half of operations were contract operations with breeding birds, and one-fourth were contract operations without breeding birds. Only 17% of operations were independent (noncontract) operations. Independent operations were primarily table-egg producers and to a lesser extent, growers. Independent operations were more likely to have birds other than chickens, to allow outdoor access to birds, and had less stringent biosecurity requirements compared to contract operations.     

Survey of Feeding Practices, Supplement Use, and Knowledge of Equine Nutrition among a Subpopulation of Horse Owners in New England

Nutrition is a critical component of equine health. Horse owners' knowledge of nutrition is likely to affect their feeding practices. The aim of this study was to survey feeding practices, dietary supplement use, and knowledge about equine nutrition in New England by surveying a subpopulation of horse owners (67/337 or 19.8%) who brought their horses to the Large Animal Hospital at the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University between July and September 2008. All owners reported feeding hay, with the majority feeding grass or timothy hay. Most owners (96%) reported feeding a concentrate in addition to hay. Approximately 84% of owners reported including at least one dietary supplement in their horse's daily feeding. The most commonly used supplements were chondroprotectives, electrolytes, and multivitamins. Survey questions designed to assess the owner's knowledge of nutrition suggested that many owners may not have a basic understanding of principles of equine nutrition; less than 50% knew the daily water and hay requirements for a horse, and 69% lacked knowledge about the proper use of concentrates in a diet. Most of the surveyed owners consulted multiple sources of information concerning equine nutrition, including veterinarians (n = 36), trainers (n = 27), feed stores (n = 10), and the internet (n = 7). Although the major source of information was the veterinarian, it appears that the communication between horse owners and their veterinarian about optimal feeding practices could be enhanced. This survey demonstrated areas in the veterinarian–client dialog that need to be addressed when evaluating the health and well-being of the horse.     

A survey of gastro-intestinal parasitic infection in domestic and wild birds in Chittagong and Greater Sylhet,Bangladesh

A survey of gastrointestinal parasitic infection as determined by faecal examination was conducted among domestic and wild birds in Bangladesh. Birds were sampled from households, wet markets and wetlands in Chittagong and Greater Sylhet districts during April 2012 to February 2013. Mist nets were used to catch resident wild and migratory birds. The overall prevalence of parasitic infection ranged among locations from 25 to 55% in indigenous domestic ducks (live bird samples = 304), 20% in resident wild birds (environmental faecal samples = 40) and 40% in migratory birds (live bird samples = 35). The prevalence of parasitic infection was significantly higher in indigenous domestic ducks collected during summer (39%) than winter (22%) (p = 0.04). In domestic indigenous ducks and Muscovy ducks, both single and multiple types of parasitic infections were found. However, other domestic birds and wild birds often had a single type of parasitic infection. Ascaridia spp. with an average egg load of 50–900, was commonly detected in faecal samples of domestic and wild birds in this study. Other identified parasites were Capillaria spp. and Heterakis spp. both in domestic and wild birds. Improvement of biosecurity measures for household duck farms through educating and motivating household farmers could help mitigate the effects of parasitic infection on production.     

广州起义烈士陵园使用状况研究

本文通过对广州起义烈士陵园使用状况的调查。统计了园内各区域的景观使用现状、使用者、使用时间、频率、场地利用率等,分析了广州起义烈士陵园景观系统设计的特点及其对相同类型景观设计的启示,并对其提出改进建议以促进公园更为高效的使用。     

第三次全国国土调查农用地分析与耕地保护对策

第3次全国国土调查以来，虽农用地面积有增加，但耕地数量比第2次全国国土调查期间有所减少，国家提出要落实“长牙齿”的耕地保护硬措施，严守1.2亿hm2（18亿亩）耕地红线，防止耕地非农化、非粮化。选择2个县级数据库，从调查的角度分析三调数据库种植属性和恢复属性，得出因区位原因出现平原区与山区耕地种植情况差异大、耕地流转方向不同的结论，最后提出了耕地保护的3点对策。      

中国对虾血细胞吞噬功能的研究↑（*）

本研究建立了检测中国对虾血细胞吞噬功能的橙检测法。该检测法可同时直观地观察中国对虾血细胞对金黄色葡萄球菌的吞噬和杀伤情况：一项试验可同时获得吞噬和杀伤百分率，吞噬和杀伤指数四个指标。用本法研究四种免疫增强剂对时虾血细胞吞噬功能的作用，结果表明，他们均可提高血细胞对金葡菌的吞噬活力以及血淋巴中的溶菌活力和酚氧化酶活力，但经统计学分析，结合攻毒试验的结果，浙农Ⅰ号和湖州Ⅰ号的免疫效果优于湖州Ⅱ号和湖州Ⅲ号。     

吉林省中部地区玉米田杂草种类及其优势种群调查报告

掌握不同生态条件下的玉米田杂草发生种类及优势种群情况,对于制定杂草综合治理方案,科学选用化学除草剂及其配套技术具有十分重要的指导意义.本文选用倒"W"型9点取样法,对吉林省主要玉米产区的玉米田杂草发生情况进行了普查.结果表明,我省中部地区玉米田杂草种类有16个科,35种.相对多度较大的有稗草、苣荬菜等十余种。     

乡村振兴视域下陕西省蓝田县休闲农业发展的实证调查研究

新时代乡村振兴是发展西部农村经济的根本路径,发展县城休闲农业对新时代西部大开发和增加西部农民收入具有重要意义,本文笔者通过解读休闲农业的概念、特征,并结合西部陕西省蓝田县休闲农业发展状况的实际调查研究,因地制宜地提出了进一步推动蓝田县休闲农业健康发展的对策。