牛轮状病毒TaqMan实时荧光RT-PCR 快速检测方法的建立

本研究按照牛轮状病毒(BRV)结构蛋白VP6基因序列,设计合成引物和探针,经各反应条件的优化,建立了BRV TaqMan实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术。对BRV进行了特异性、敏感性和重复性试验。结果表明,TaqMan实时荧光RT-PCR最低可检测到100个拷贝病毒RNA;与牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVD)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、牛结核杆菌(MB)和牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)不发生交叉反应;所制作的标准曲线在10²~10⁹拷贝/μL浓度范围内有极好的线性关系且线性范围宽,相关系数为0.997;与常规的RT-PCR相比,该方法具有快速、特异、敏感、重复性好、可同时检测大量样品等优点。可对样品中微量BRV进行准确检测,对BRV的诊断有重要意义。     

同时检测猪圆环病毒2型、猪细小病毒和伪狂犬病毒连接酶检测反应-PCR基因芯片检测方法的建立

为快速、灵敏、准确地同时检测和鉴别猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、猪细小病毒(PPV)和伪狂犬病毒(PRV)的方法,本研究采用连接酶检测反应(LDR)-PCR和基因芯片技术建立一种新型检测方法.首先在3种病毒的保守区内分别设计一对LDR探针,两端各连接一段通用序列,依次进行LDR、通用引物荧光标记扩增和芯片杂交,同时比较引物标记和Cy5 -dCTP标记方法的灵敏度.结果表明该方法可以特异地检测PCV2、PPV和PRV3种病毒,而对牛病毒性腹泻病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒、猪瘟病毒、乙型脑炎病毒、猪圆环病毒1型检测结果均为阴性;对3种病毒的最低检测限少于10个拷贝;Cy5-dCTP标记检测的灵敏度显著高于引物标记.利用建立的方法对41例临床样品进行检测,与普通PCR检测结果符合率为97.6％～100％.该方法的建立为基础研究和临床应用提供了技术平台.     

对虾白斑综合症病毒变性高效液相色谱检测方法的建立与应用

据对虾白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)的基因保守序列,使用Primer Explorer V3软件设计了2条引物,利用PCR的扩增产物,结合变性高效液相色谱(DHPLC)技术,建立了一种对虾白斑综合症病毒的DHPLC快速检测方法。该检测方法特异性好,与传染性皮下和造血器官坏死病毒、斑节对虾杆状病毒、肝胰腺细小病毒、对虾杆状病毒以及对虾基因组DNA无交叉反应;检测灵敏度较高,约为10-5ng/μL,高于常规PCR及荧光定量PCR的灵敏度。用建立的DHPLC方法对100尾对虾样品进行了临床检测,结果与荧光定量PCR检测结果一致。WSSV的DHPLC检测方法,特异性强、灵敏度高,是对WSSV进行有效检测的一种新方法。     

农业执法案件中未知粉末的分析研究

对农业执法案件中缴获的未知粉末进行分析研究。应用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间高分辨质谱（UPLC-TOF-HRMS）获得未知物分子离子峰的精确质量数、天然同位素信息,二级特征碎片的精确质荷比,并应用SCIEX PeakView及MasterView软件进行分析。经过靶向及非靶向筛查,同时参考文献报道,推导出未知粉末中的疑似化合物。采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器（HPLC-PDA）法及UPLC-TOF-HRMS法进行了双重确证。结果显示该未知粉末中含克仑特罗（16 g?kg-1）及其合成前体克仑特罗杂质B（455 g?kg-1）。本文详述的分析技术可为未知添加物的筛查和确证提供思路和技术参考。     

Target Group Segmentation in the Horse Buyers’ Market against the Background of Equestrian Experience

Whereas in former times horses were reserved primarily for people involved in agriculture, elite equestrians or the military, nowadays equestrian sport has become an activity for people with a wide variety of backgrounds. However, as more and more people become involved with equestrian sport today, the knowledge concerning animal husbandry in general is diminishing due to an alienation from agricultural themes in modern societies. As a consequence, this development affects both riding ability and the appraisal of horses, especially with respect to the purchase of horses. In order to analyse which factors influence purchase decisions in the horse market in conjunction with equestrian experience, 739 horse riders were surveyed on their purchase behaviour in this study. Using cluster analysis, a typology was generated that provides a differentiated picture of the preferences of the various rider groups. Three clusters were distinguished: the “amateurs”, the “experienced” and the “experts”. Taking personal horse riding proficiency into account, it could be concluded that especially the “amateur” group required objective criteria for the evaluation of a horse they are considering purchasing. Alongside “measureable” qualities, such as previous showing success or the level of training of the horse, also other attributes such as the simple handling of the horse should be taken into consideration. As particularly the “amateur” group in equestrian sport is increasing in numbers, it is therefore advisable when preparing a horse for sale to align oneself to the needs of this customer segment in order to ensure an effective and targeted marketing of horses.     

Using dogs for tiger conservation and research

This paper is a review of the history, development and efficacy of using dogs in wildlife studies and considers the use of dogs in the research and conservation of wild tigers (Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758). Using scat detection dogs, scent-matching dogs, law enforcement detection dogs and protection dogs are proven methods that can be effectively used on tigers. These methods all take advantage of the dog's extremely evolved sense of smell that allows them to detect animals or animal byproducts (often the focus of tiger studies). Dogs can be trained to communicate this information to their handlers.     

广东地区蓝舌病流行病学初步研究

为探明广东省牛羊蓝舌病(BT)的流行情况,本研究于2013年与2014年的4月~7月在广东省13个市的不同牛场和羊场随机采集716份血清样品。采用竞争性ELISA检测方法,对这些血清样品进行BT病毒(BTV)抗体检测,结果显示BTV抗体的阳性率为56.70%(406/716)。其中牛和羊BTV抗体平均阳性率分别为69.62%(362/520)和22.45%(44/196),表明广东省牛羊普遍存在BTV感染,而且牛的感染率比羊高。通过对新生犊牛的BTV抗体跟踪,分析其母源抗体的存在以及其维持时间,结果显示新生犊牛能够获得7周以上的被动免疫保护力。     

Evaluation of a Bacillus stearothermophilus tube test as a screening tool for anticoccidial residues in poultry

A Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis C953 tube test was evaluated for its ability in detecting the residue of selected anticoccidial drugs in poultry, specically sulfamethazine, furazolidone, and amprolium. Various concentrations of each drug were injected into chicken liver and kidney tissues and these tissues were tested to determine the drug detection limits for each drug. The detection limit was defined as the drug concentration at which 95% of the test results were interpreted as positive. The limits of detection in liver tissue were 0.35 µg/ml for furazolidone, 0.70 µg/ml for sulfamethazine and 7.80 µg/ml for amprolium. In kidney tissues, they were 0.30 µg/ml for furazolidone, 0.54 µg/ml for sulfamethazine, and 7.6 µg/ml for amprolium. It was concluded that this tube test could be used to screen for the residue of these three drugs in poultry.     

中国禾本科植物内生真菌研究--东营市盐碱地区的禾本科植物内生真菌的检测与分布特征

从山东省东营地区的东营市郊、孤岛和马场的盐碱地采集了644个禾本科草本植物样品,通过镜检确认,所有采样地区采集的植物样品中都含有内生真菌,内生真菌含有率和地区、植物种类等有关.和其他地区相比,盐碱地区禾本科植物的种类和分布数量明显减少,在全部样品中,盐碱程度高的地区内生真菌偏少.在Roegnaria属的各个草种中,内生真菌检出率对盐碱程度变化的反应有所不同.研究发现,在高盐碱环境中检测到的内生真菌的生物学特性将是一个有趣的课题.