基于土壤入渗变异性的畦灌单宽流量优化

农田土壤入渗变异性给畦灌系统的设计和管理带来了困难.为进一步提高畦灌灌水质量,该研究利用已有考虑土壤变异条件下的畦灌灌水质量计算模型,采用数值模拟与理论分析相结合的方法,扩展了模型的使用范围,并结合畦灌试验资料对其进行了验证;在此基础上分析了土壤入渗变异性对畦灌灌水质量的影响,提出了考虑农田土壤入渗变异条件下入畦单宽流量的确定方法.结果表明,文中扩展后的模型可用于计算异质土壤和均质土壤情景模式下的畦灌灌水质量指标,其计算值与田间实测值和WinSRFR软件模拟值一致性较好,相对误差均值分别为10％;土壤入渗变异对畦灌灌水质量的影响显著,贡献度高达56.71％～95.68％,其对灌水均匀度的影响最为敏感,其次为灌水效率和储水效率;基于均质土壤入渗条件下优化的入畦单宽流量,可用于异质土壤畦灌灌水流量设计,两者符合1∶1的线性关系.研究结果可为考虑农田土壤变异性的畦灌系统设计和管理提供理论依据和技术支撑.     

桂西南青龙山自然保护区鸟类多样性和区系分析

2009-2010年和2013年对广西西南部青龙山自然保护区的鸟类多样性和区系进行了调查。共记录鸟类13目44科206种,包括留鸟139种,夏候鸟27种,冬候鸟33种,旅鸟7种。其中,国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生鸟类有24种,主要由隼形目猛禽构成;列入IUCN名录的有2种,分别是濒危物种黄胸鹀和易危物种弄岗穗鹛。北红尾鸲青藏亚种为广西的新亚种纪录。青龙山G-F指数为0.84,物种多样性丰富。保护区的区系特点表现为典型的华南区成分,而且北热带属性明显。丰富的鸟类多样性以及作为目前已知的特有鸟种弄岗穗鹛的3个分布区之一,保护区的自然保护和科研建设应进一步重视和加强。     

青藏高原东北边缘亚高山桦木林种群年龄结构

基于10个典型样地的调查数据,对白桦、红桦、糙皮桦3种天然分布于青藏高原东北边缘亚高山带的主要桦木种群年龄结构进行了测度分析．结果表明,3种桦树的年龄结构较复杂,白桦和糙皮桦均属于增长型(发育的前期)或稳定型(发育的中期),而红桦的不同群丛属于增长型(发育的初期)或始衰型(发育的中后期),不同群落之间差异明显; 聚类分析结果显示,青藏高原东北边缘桦木林年龄结构大致可以分为5类,中华柳—糙皮桦林单独聚为第1类,桦叶荚蓬—白桦林和辽东栎—山杨—白桦林聚为第2类,箭竹—白桦林、糙皮桦纯林、红桦纯林、山杨—白桦林聚为第3类,白桦纯林单独聚为第4类,箭竹—红桦林和青杆—白桦林聚为第5类．出现以上情况,不仅与群落本身的性质有关,而且与人为干扰和地区环境差异有关．因此,为保护该地区桦木林,不但要进行适当择伐,减少人为干扰,而且应对其进行长期的定位监测．     

试论新疆少数民族新农村建设与边疆地区社会稳定——以叶城县维稳工作为研究视角

新疆少数民族地区,由于地理位置、历史传统、人文环境等诸多原因,经济、社会、文化教育等发展一直比较落后。近年来,由于国内外形势的变化,新疆社会稳定的形势比较严峻。当前,新疆少数民族地区只有以社会主义新农村建设为契机,加快发展,推动各方面的发展与进步,才能逐步消除影响边疆地区社会稳定的各种不利因素,进而才能维护边疆地区的长久治安;另一方面,只有保持边疆地区的社会稳定,才能为推动新农村建设的历史进程。     

“一带一路”背景下陕西茶叶跨境电商发展路径研究

陕西作为丝绸之路的发源地,以其有利的自然生态条件和区域产业结构,形成了以茶叶为主导的产业发展格局。目前,陕西省茶叶出口规模不大,市场占有率较低。在“一带一路”倡议的推动下,陕西省茶叶出口至沿线国家的潜力较大,未来将逐步呈上升态势。研究了“一带一路”背景下陕西茶叶跨境电商市场发展现状和存在的问题,提出陕西茶叶跨境电商发展路径,通过借力跨境电商平台、开拓国际市场、稳固绿茶品牌、布局海外仓解决出口难的问题,以及完善跨境电商法律秩序,拓展陕西茶叶跨境电商发展路径。      

花境在福州城市特色建设中的设计应用

随着福州＂显山露水＂工程的实施,＂山在城中,城在山内＂这一福州独特的城市风貌逐渐显现出来,形成了显山、露水、透绿的山水园林城市。然而,在其城市园林美化、亮化以及自身特色建设等细节上仍存在不足。现简要阐述了花境在福州应用的现状和意义,提出了相关设计建议,并对花境在福州城市绿化特色建设方面进行了探讨。     

畦灌水流运动的一个数学模型

本文提出了推算畦灌水流推进过程的一个数学模型。田间试验表明,该模型的平均误差小于4％,最大误差小于10％。根据这个模型,文中还提出了计算改水成数和畦长的公式。     

花境在沈阳地区园林绿地中的应用

花境是一种花卉应用形式,近几年来在沈阳地区的应用日益受到重视,作者阐述了花境的特点、花境的设计要点,并对沈阳世博园中花境造景实例进行分析,提出了花境在沈阳地区应用中存在的问题。     

Dietary lipid level affects fatty acid composition and hydrolase activities of intestinal brush border membrane in seabass

Triplicate groups of juvenile seabass (initial weight of 241 g) were fed during 13 weeks three isonitrogenous experimental diets containing different lipid levels, 12% (LL group), 21% (ML group) and 30% (HL group). At the end of the experiment, fish weight gain was similar among the 3 dietary groups. Intestinal brush border membranes were purified for each dietary group; one part of the brush border fraction was dedicated to enzyme assays, the remaining fraction being used for lipid extraction followed by fatty acid analysis. The fatty acid composition of the brush border membrane differed among the 3 groups, although the 3 experimental diets had the same fatty acid composition. The increase in dietary lipid level resulted in a lowering in (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) paralleled with an increase in monounsaturated fatty acid. A significant reduction in the brush border enzyme activities, namely alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase N, -glutamyl transpeptidase and maltase, was also observed with the elevation of the dietary lipid level. The change in activity of intestinal digestive enzymes, which are membrane-bound proteins, could be attributed to the modification of fatty acid composition and fluidity of the brush border membranes (BBM). Such lowering in PUFA and increase in monounsaturated fatty acid in BBM, concomitant with a decline in membrane enzymatic activity, has been described as a malnutrition indicator in mammals. It raises the question of possible disorders of gut functions in fish fed increasing lipid levels.     

Effects of different irrigation methods on micro-environments and root distribution in winter wheat fields

The irrigation method used in winter wheat fields affects micro-environment factors, such as relative humidity(RH) within canopy, soil temperature, topsoil bulk density, soil matric potential, and soil nutrients, and these changes may affect plant root growth.An experiment was carried out to explore the effects of irrigation method on micro-environments and root distribution in a winter wheat field in the 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 growing seasons.The results showed that border irrigation(BI), sprinkler irrigation(SI), and surface drip irrigation(SDI) had no significant effects on soil temperature.Topsoil bulk density, RH within the canopy, soil available N distribution, and soil matric potential were significantly affected by the three treatments.The change in soil matric potential was the key reason for the altered root profile distribution patterns.Additionally, more fine roots were produced in the BI treatment when soil water content was low and topsoil bulk density was high.Root growth was most stimulated in the top soil layers and inhibited in the deep layers in the SDI treatment, followed by SI and BI, which was due to the different water application frequencies.As a result, the root profile distribution differed, depending on the irrigation method used.The root distribution pattern changes could be described by the power level variation in the exponential function.A good knowledge of root distribution patterns is important when attempting to model water and nutrient movements and when studying soil-plant interactions.