中国超细毛羊（甘肃型）胎儿皮肤毛囊发育及其形态结构

【目的】探究中国超细毛羊（甘肃型）毛囊的组织结构与毛囊形态发生过程,为超细毛羊毛囊发育的分子调控机制研究奠定组织学基础。【方法】采用冰冻组织切片技术制作横切、纵切切片,在显微镜下观测照相。【结果】中国超细毛羊（甘肃型）毛囊结构包括连接组织鞘、外根鞘、内根鞘、毛干和毛球部。在胎龄87 d时初级毛囊发生形成毛芽,在初级毛囊基底部可见次级毛囊的囊泡结构。胎龄102 d时次级毛囊开始再分化。到胎龄138 d时,初级毛囊基本发育成熟。胎龄87—147 d,初级毛囊密度随胎龄增长逐渐降低,次级毛囊密度随胎龄增长逐渐升高,在胎龄102—117 d时次级毛囊增长迅速,在胎龄117 d时达到最大值（232.8±12.44）个/mm2,胎龄126 d时次级毛囊/初级毛囊比值达到最大值9.96。【结论】在胎龄84 d时初级毛囊开始发生,胎龄87 d时次级毛囊开始发生,胎龄102 d时在原始次级毛囊颈部隆突部开始再分化出再分化次级毛囊,胎龄108 d时原始次级毛囊大量再分化,胎龄 138 d时大部分初级毛囊和部分次级毛囊发育成熟;次级毛囊再分化是影响毛囊密度的最主要因素,它能有效地增加毛囊密度,提高羊毛细度。     

大麦叶片表皮蜡质含量的动态变化

为了了解水分胁迫对植物表皮蜡质含量的影响及叶片表皮蜡质含量与植株抗旱性的关系,采用裂区设计研究抗旱能力不同的4个大麦品种从植株挑旗期到成熟期的旗叶及旗叶鞘表皮蜡质含量的变化趋势,探讨大麦叶片的表皮蜡质含量与抗旱能力的关系及机理。结果表明,干旱胁迫下大麦叶片表皮蜡质含量增加,随着植株生长发育及干旱胁迫程度的增加,其变化趋势表现为先上升后下降。抗旱能力不同的大麦品种表皮蜡质含量变化趋势相似,然而,抗旱品种的叶片表皮蜡质含量的变化强度较弱抗旱性品种的大。干旱胁迫初期,抗旱品种表皮蜡质变化明显,推测叶片表皮蜡质含量迅速增加可能是植物响应外界不良环境自我调节的表现之一。     

罗非鱼不同组织脂肪酸含量的分析

分别取罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)的肉、脂肪、肝、眼和皮等组织,用氯仿-甲醇(2∶1,v/v)提取,以C17∶0为内标物,利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC/MS)分析了各组织脂肪酸种类及含量。结果显示:罗非鱼各种组织中含有16种脂肪酸,富含多不饱和脂肪酸。脂肪组织中的脂肪酸含量最高,其次是眼睛、肝脏、鱼肉和鱼皮;各组织中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量为202~8869 mg/kg,主要为棕榈酸(C16∶0)和硬脂酸(C18∶0);单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量为293~11219 mg/kg,主要为棕榈油酸(C16∶1)和油酸(C18∶1);多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量为362~8293 mg/kg,主要是亚油酸(C18∶2)、亚麻酸(C18∶3)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,C22∶6);n-6/n-3为1.20~2.46。     

四个家鸡群体血液蛋白质多态性分析

本实验采用醋酸纤维薄膜电泳和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法测定了新兴黄鸡，矮脚鸡，竹丝鸡，粤黄鸡麻羽系血液蛋白质多态性，观察了以上群体多态性血液蛋白质基因频率的区别，根据基因频率计算出４个群体的平均杂合度，用主分量分析方法对它们之间的区别与联系进行了研究。主要分析表明竹丝鸡与新兴黄鸡的关系相对新兴鸡与矮脚鸡，竹丝鸡与矮脚鸡之间的关系更为疏远：矮脚鸡则与粤黄鸡麻羽系关系密切。     

New method using quantitative PCR to follow the tick blood meal and to assess the anti-feeding effect of topical acaricide against Rhipicephalus sanguineus on dogs

A 28-day study was conducted to assess the dynamic of blood feeding by Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks on dogs treated or not with a novel topical combination of fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene. Dogs were infested weekly through exposure to ticks in crates for 4 h. Ticks were then counted in the crates at 2 h and 4 h post dog exposure. Ticks were also counted and removed from the dogs at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h post tick exposure. The inhibition of blood feeding was assessed by both tick quantification and designing and performing a quantitative PCR (qPCR) to detect the canine hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) gene in ticks. The percentage of repellency sensu lato based on the ticks collected in crates at 2 h varied from 4.7% at day 28 to 48.3% at day 7. The immediate mortality rate of the ticks expelled at 2 h varied from 1.5% at day 21 to 31.7% at day 7. The efficacy calculation showed that the acaricidal combination started to kill ticks in as little as 2 h. The average efficacy reached 90.0% at 12 h post crate challenges and 100% at 24 h post exposure in crates. The inclusion of an internal amplification control was used to ensure that no significant template-derived PCR inhibition (≤6.2%) affected the overall results. The reduction of blood feeding was significant at 4 h (>80.0%) and >99.0% at 24 h post tick exposure in the crate. The high repellency rate and the lethal efficacy of CERTIFECT^® resulted in significantly fewer live attached ticks, consequently reducing blood intake and fluid exchanges.     

黄瓜幼果cDNA文库构建与EST测序分析

将黄瓜授粉前后多个发育阶段的幼果组织等量混合后提取总RNA和mRNA,以λTriplEx2为栽体、XL1-Blue为宿主茵,构建了1个黄瓜幼果cDNA文库;其滴度为1.165×106pfu/mL,重组率在94.4％左右.测序获得116条EST,92.2％的长度在400 bp以上,19％为重叠序列.在GenBank中进行BLAST分析后确认与已知功能基因相似的EST序列有71条,有相似序列而功能未知的基因和没有相似序列的EST序列各占19.83％和18.97％.从对文库的检验结果看,构建的cDNA文库重组率较高,库容达到预期要求.     

莲花对铅吸收特性及分布规律的研究

以莲花(Nelumbo mucifera)的建德红莲品种为试验材料,在不同浓度硝酸铅[Pb(NO3)2]溶液环境下,对铅(Pb)在其体内的分布和吸收规律进行了研究.结果表明, Pb在建德红莲各部分器官中的分布为:须根＞叶柄＞顶芽＞叶＞藕,且须根部Pb含量要远远高于其他部分;一般情况下,在Pb(NO3)2浓度低于100 mg/L时,莲花各部分Pb含量随着浓度的增加而增加,对建德红莲生长抑制作用增强,当高于100 mg/L时,Pb含量随着浓度的增加达到峰值后出现降低趋势,对建德红莲生长的促进作用增强.     

不同遮光处理对菜用大豆产量的影响

设置遮双层网、遮单层网和不遮网3种处理,对32个菜用大豆品种(系)各小区的标准荚数、标准荚重、百粒重、产量等指标进行比较。结果表明:筛选出了3种处理条件下平均小区产量均超过1 300 g的上海红皮、灵川吕竹豆等菜用大豆品种(系)6个;各处理小区平均产量与标准荚数、标准荚重呈极显著的正相关;耐阴性较强的菜用大豆品种(系)在遮光和正常条件下平均产量均较高。     

南伊沟景区旅游环境承载力测算

文章阐述了旅游环境承栽力的内涵、类型,以及国内外对于承载力的研究进展,通过南伊沟景区实例介绍旅游环境承栽力的计算方法和模型。     

Testate amoebae as predators of nematodes

Testacea were observed ingesting nematodes in the litter horizons of native forests in New Zealand. Nematodes were most commonly attacked from the tail end but some specimens were attacked at mid-body. Nematodes with damaged tails were recovered in greatest numbers from the highest, wettest site sampled. Nebela (Apodera) vas (Certes, 1989) and Difflugia sp. (possibly lanceolata Penard, 1890) were the predators; both species were redescribed using light and scanning electron microscopy and morphometry. Most damaged nematodes were Ironus sp. but Clarkus, Tobrilus, Iotonchus, Cobbonchus, Dorylaimus and Plectus were also attacked. Literature on testacean feeding strategies was reviewed briefly.