新型快速秸秆还田促腐菌剂对小麦秸秆还田在水稻田的施用剂量评价

为了探讨新型快速秸秆还田促腐菌剂对小麦秸秆还田在水稻田的施用剂量和促生效果,进行了相关的大田试验。本试验在常规施肥和小麦秸秆粉碎还田的基础上设置了M1(CK),M2 (30 kg/hm²),M3 (75 kg/hm²)和M4 (120 kg/hm²)4个梯度的促腐菌剂施用剂量,研究了不同施用剂量对水稻成产因素以及水稻产量的影响。研究表明,施用新型快速秸秆还田促腐菌剂不仅可以促进秸秆降解,且对每公顷水稻的穗数、穗粒数及产量影响显著。与对照组M1相比,M3 (75 kg/hm²)组促产效果最好,其中每公顷穗数为466.35万穗,比对照提高了16.09%;穗粒数为86.03比对照提高了12.12%。在实际产量方面M3组为7510.35 kg/hm²,比对照提高了12.94%。土壤理化性质表明,促腐菌剂显著提高了土壤中碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量,与对照组相比分别提高了93.33%、18.13%和46.93%。该试验评价了施用不同剂量新型快速秸秆还田促腐菌剂对小麦秸秆在水稻田降解及水稻产量的影响,为新型快速秸秆还田促腐菌剂的研发奠定了理论基础。     

人工栽培条件下八月瓜的性状表现与培管

八月瓜又称八月炸,其风味新颖,营养丰富,纯天然,无污染,在湖南湘西野生资源极其丰富.2003-2006年笔者通过广泛调查,收集,利用移栽母株,剪枝扦插,采种育苗等方式进行八月瓜野生资源的引种驯化,已初步探索出人工栽培条件下八月瓜的性状表现与田间管理技术。     

上农香糯千斤栽培技术初报(Ⅰ)

两年来我们对上农香糯进行的观察、调查使我们对其生物学特性和栽培技术都有了一定的认识,并在本院试验农场获得529.6千克/亩之单产。主要栽培技术措施是:根据它对有效积温的需要确定适宜播期;稀播足肥培育适令壮秧;充分发挥分蘖作用,改善群体光照条件;合理使用肥料;重视开沟搁田;抓紧对病虫害的综合防治。     

Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of S-ketamine for intravenous general anaesthesia in horses undergoing field castration

Background

Intravenous anaesthetic drugs are the primary means for producing general anaesthesia in equine practice. The ideal drug for intravenous anaesthesia has high reliability and pharmacokinetic properties indicating short elimination and lack of accumulation when administered for prolonged periods. Induction of general anaesthesia with racemic ketamine preceded by profound sedation has already an established place in the equine field anaesthesia. Due to potential advantages over racemic ketamine, S-ketamine has been employed in horses to induce general anaesthesia, but its optimal dose remains under investigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether 2.5 mg/kg S-ketamine could be used as a single intravenous bolus to provide short-term surgical anaesthesia in colts undergoing surgical castration, and to report its pharmacokinetic profile.

Results

After premedication with romifidine and L-methadone, the combination of S-ketamine and diazepam allowed reaching surgical anaesthesia in the 28 colts. Induction of anaesthesia as well as recovery were good to excellent in the majority (n = 22 and 24, respectively) of the colts. Seven horses required additional administration of S-ketamine to prolong the duration of surgical anaesthesia. Redosing did not compromise recovery quality. Plasma concentration of S-ketamine decreased rapidly after administration, following a two-compartmental model, leading to the hypothesis of a consistent unchanged elimination of the parent compound into the urine beside its conversion to S-norketamine. The observed plasma concentrations of S-ketamine at the time of first movement were various and did not support the definition of a clear cut-off value to predict the termination of the drug effect.

Conclusions

The administration of 2.5 mg/kg IV S-ketamine after adequate premedication provided good quality of induction and recovery and a duration of action similar to what has been reported for racemic ketamine at the dose of 2.2 mg/kg. Until further investigations will be provided, close monitoring to adapt drug delivery is mandatory, particularly once the first 10 minutes after injection are elapsed. Taking into account rapid elimination of S-ketamine, significant inter-individual variability and rapid loss of effect over a narrow range of concentrations a sudden return of consciousness has to be foreseen.     

黄斑卷蛾性诱剂的合成与田间诱蛾活性试验

黄斑卷蛾（Acleris fimbriana Meyrick)性诱剂的主要成分为（反）－11，13－十四碳双烯醛（简式E11，13－14：Ald)。从易得的原料出发，通过Wittig反应合成了这种性诱剂及其类似物。田间诱蛾试验结果表明，E11，13－14：Ald对黄斑卷蛾具有强烈的引诱作用，最佳剂量为1．0mg。单一的（反）－11，13－十四碳双烯－1－基醋酸酯对黄斑卷蛾没有引诱作用，但对E11，13－14：Ald的诱蛾活性有明显的增效作用。而（反）－11，13－十四碳双烯－1－醇和（反）－11－十四碳烯－1－醇，（反）－11－十四碳烯醛对E11，13－14：Ald的诱蛾活性有抑制作用。     

Development and evaluation of a support system for forest education

Field education programs have been conducted throughout the world because learning through experience is an important process in environmental and forest education. We developed a support system for forest education that consists mainly of a Global Positioning System (GPS) and personal digital assistant (PDA). Moreover, field experiments were conducted to evaluate educational efficacy as well as usability of the developed system. Through a post-questionnaire the developed system was highly evaluated in terms of educational efficacy and enjoyment. On the other hand, the questionnaire revealed the need for technical improvements. For example, the drawing function, which involves the use of a stylus pen, was the most poorly evaluated because a drawing could not be partially erased as with an eraser and representation was not sufficiently accurate. In addition, positions where information on nature appeared were sometimes inaccurate due to positional errors caused by using the autonomous GPS. Some participants answered that walking with the developed system was also troublesome due to its shape and size. In fact, they did not feel comfortable about the cables connecting the GPS to the PDA and GPS to its antenna. Although there were some problems with the system, we believe that the field education program was successful because 95% of the participants answered that they would join a similar program again.     

Predicting plant species richness in a managed forest

This paper describes an attempt to predict ground flora species richness under various forest management scenarios. The approach is based on a geographic information system (GIS) and uses three standard map layers of topography, soils and stands to derive environmental gradients of light, nutrients, water and disturbance. A simple floristic survey provides the data necessary to relate plant distribution with environmental variables. The potential distribution of 60 understorey plant species is modelled based on the four derived gradients. The sum of these maps, i.e., the total potential diversity, is used as a proxy for the prediction of actual species richness. The model predicts high species diversity along roads and in relatively disturbed areas and low species diversity in stands with coniferous species and in stands of old, deciduous trees (mainly beech). The overall predicted pattern of species diversity corresponds well with observations made in the forests. However, the model explained only a fraction of the variation in the data set on the plot level. Dispersal effects, demographic stochasticity and biological factors are the probable causes of this. The combination of GIS-based spatial operations and fuzzy cognitive mapping proved to be an efficient way of producing gradient maps based on standard forestry maps and expert knowledge.     

种用玉米发芽率衰退因素的分析

本研究测定了7个玉米品种的种子发芽率、含水量、贮藏真菌、田间真菌、内部损伤、机械损伤和千粒重,对资料进行了通径分析。结果表明,贮藏真菌及种子含水量是影响种子发芽力衰退的最重要因素,二者对发芽力都有很大的、直接和间接的负作用。种子含水量通过贮藏真菌对发芽力的间接负作用大于其直接作用。田间真菌、机械损伤、内     

玉米种子活力与田间苗期性状相关性研究

应用标准发芽试验、低温试验、老化试验、电导率、四唑处理等方法对不同劣变水平的玉米杂交种子进行了活力测定，分析了种子活力与实际出苗表现的相关关系。结果表明：低温试验、老化试验、简易活力指数与田间出苗率、成苗率和幼苗整齐度呈极显著或显著的正相关关系，是玉米种子活力测定的较好方法。     

印度北方养蚕试验简报

在印度北方的养蚕小区试验结果表明:在该地饲养条件下,供试品种体质强健好养,产茧量高,平均盒种产茧量是印度对照种的1.8￣2.03倍,茧丝质优,张种产值收入是印度蚕种的2.1￣2.3倍,农村饲养经济效益好。供试品种综合经济性状优良,能够适应印度实施地的饲养环境,适宜于该地秋季饲养。