徐州山地森林生态质量评价研究

利用徐州山地森林标准地调查数据,从森林结构与功能和森林健康状况2个方面来构建森林生态质量评价指标体系,采用层次分析法、等级评分法、加权综合指数法来评价徐州山地森林生态质量状况。结果表明：无论是森林结构与功能还是健康状况,森林生态质量都是天然林好于混交林,混交林好于人工林;徐州山地森林生态质量等级好、中、差所占的比重大小悬殊,其中质量等级为差的所占比重最大,说明了徐州山地提高森林生态质量还有很大的潜力。     

对森林公安情报信息技术远程培训教育的探讨

情报信息处理能力越来越成为森林公安干警必须掌握的警务技能,对森林公安进行情报信息技术培训是提高森林公安队伍情报信息能力的重要途径。远程教育具有节省资金,影响日常工作低,便于迅速开展进修及培训的优势,这对提高森林公安队伍情报素质,加强公安队伍战斗力具有重要意义。该文通过调查研究,探索了森林公安情报开展远程教育的必要性、可行性及实施森林公安情报远程教育的措施,为更好地提升森林公安情报信息能力提出参考性的建议。     

林火巡护与扑救车辆操纵稳定性研究

采用车辆系统动力学分析理论及MSC．ADAMS软件,建立了林火巡护与扑救车辆系统动力学仿真模型,并对其进行了操纵稳定性的仿真分析,模拟了车辆角阶跃输入试验和双移线试验,结果表明,该车辆的操纵稳定性能可靠,输出参数满足车辆性能要求。     

吉林省主要林型森林火灾释放碳量的月变化

根据吉林省1969—2004年的森林火灾统计数据,计算出了吉林省主要林型森林火灾碳释放量的月变化。为了充分减少由于森林火灾排放的碳量,应重点防范白桦林9、10和2月,阔叶林9、5、10、4、3和11月,针阔混交林9、11、4和10月,落叶松林4、3、10和5月,柞树林5、4、9、10和3月,杨树林和红松林9月的森林火灾。     

流溪河林场森林资源调查与分析

通过二类资源清查数据,分别从林地面积、林种、树种、龄组等方面对流溪河林场森林资源动态变化进行了分析和评价,并对林杨林业的发展提出建议。     

Forest fire in India: a review of the knowledge base

Forest fire has profound impacts on atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem structure. This feedback interaction may be hastened in climate change scenarios. In view of this, the present day knowledge about the forest fire condition in India has been reviewed. Operational monitoring, geospatial modelling and climate change uncertainties are discussed. Indicators for forest fire assessment and the role of geoinformatics tools in developing those parameters are identified. The need for developing an adaptive management strategy from the existing experience is emphasized, and specific points are recommended sector-wise with short- and long-term visions.     

Demand for non-timber forest products: Surveys of urban consumers and sellers in Switzerland

In recent years, worldwide socioeconomic, ecological, and cultural changes have led to a paradigm shift in forestry and forest management. Some years ago, most forest enterprises exclusively focused on wood production, whereas today, forest management is expected to be multifunctional and economically as well as socially and ecologically sustainable [Harrison, S., Herbohn, J., Niskanen, A., 2002. Non-industrial, smallholder, small-scale and family forestry: what's in a name? Small-scale Forest Economics. Management and Policy 1 (1), 1–11; Schmithuesen, F., 2004. Forest policy developments in changing societies — political trends and challenges to research. Towards the sustainable use of Europe's forests: Forest ecosystems and landscape research: Joensuu: European Forest Institute, Proc., vol. 49, pp. 87–99]. In this context, non-timber forest products (NTFPs) such as forest honey, mushrooms, or berries could gain importance as an additional source of income for the forestry sector. To assess the market potential of NTFPs in Switzerland, two corresponding surveys were conducted. A consumer survey (N = 897) conducted in six cities in Switzerland investigated the purchase of Swiss NTFPs, consumer preferences, and demand potentials. An additional survey of sellers of NTFPs (N = 105) looked at these aspects from a complementary perspective. The results showed that there is a high esteem and considerable demand potential for such products among urban consumers. Food products were mentioned most frequently. Both consumers and sellers considered quality and environmental friendliness the most important attributes of NTFPs. Structural and organizational innovations and considerable marketing efforts and sales promotion would be required to expand the market for Swiss NTFP, however. Our results indicate that certification of the products' origin, environmental performance, and quality could support such efforts and that recreational and ecological forest services have a synergetic potential for the marketing of NTFPs.     

Performance and nutrient dynamics of holm oak (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus ilex</Emphasis> L.) seedlings in relation to nursery nutrient loading and post-transplant fertility

Holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) seedlings were exponentially (E) nutrient loaded using incremental increases in fertilizer addition or conventionally (C) fertilized using a constant fertilizer rate during nursery culture. The fertility treatments (mg N plant⁻¹) were control (0), 25E, 100E, and 100C. Subsequently, 1-year-old plants were transplanted under simulated soil fertility gradients in a greenhouse to evaluate effects of nutrient loading and post-transplant fertility on seedling performance. Post-transplant fertility consisted of fertilizing plants at two rates (0 vs. 200 mg N plant⁻¹). A water-soluble fertilizer 20-20-20 was supplied in both nursery and post-transplant experiments. Nutrient loading increased plant N content by 73% in 100E and by 75% in 100C relative to controls, although no significant differences were detected between constant and exponential fertilization regimes at the 100 mg N plant⁻¹ rate. When transplanted, nutrient loading promoted post-transplant root growth relative to shoot, implicating potential to confer competitive advantage to loaded holm oak seedlings after trans-planting. In contrast, post-transplant fertility increased new shoot dry mass by 140% as well as N, P and K content relative to controls. Results suggest that holm oak seedlings can be successfully nutrient loaded in the nursery at higher fertility rates, improving its potential to extend new roots, but alternative fertilization regimes and schedules that better fit nutrient availability to the growth rhythm and conservative strategy of this species must be tested.     

对粮食安全下继续推进退耕还林工程的再思考

对于退耕还林工程对我国粮食安全会产生正向的外部效应还是负面的影响,不同学者提出了迥然不同的观点.文章从退耕还林后对土地利用结构和农村产业结构的优势调整、工程区生态环境的有效改善、农业生产条件得到提高、农业生产要素得到优化配置等方面论述了退耕还林工程不但不会对我国粮食安全造成影响,反而为提高农业综合生产能力提供了外部保障.     

Future orientation and planning in forestry: a comparison of forest managers’ planning horizons in Germany and the Netherlands

Long range (or strategic) planning is an important tool for forest management to deal with the complex and unpredictable future. However, it is the ability to make meaningful predictions about the rapidly changing future that is questioned. What appears to be particularly neglected is the question of the length of time horizons and the limits (if any) to these horizons, despite being considered one of the most critical factors in strategic planning. As the future creation of values lies within individual responsibility, this research empirically explored the limits (if any) of individual foresters’ time horizons. To draw comparisons between countries with different traditions in forest management planning, data were collected through telephone surveys of forest managers in the state/national forest services of the Netherlands and Germany. In order to minimize other cultural differences, the research in Germany concentrated on the federal state of Nordrhein-Westfalen, which has considerable similarities with the Netherlands, e.g. in topography, forest types and forest functions. The results show that, in practice, 15 years appears to be the most distant horizon that foresters can identify with. This is in sharp contrast to the time horizons spanning decades and even generations that are always said to exist in forestry. The “doctrine of the long run”—the faith in the capacity of foresters to overcome the barriers of the uncertain future and look ahead and plan for long-range goals—which in many countries still underlies traditional forest management, can therefore be rejected.