对我国21世纪森林病虫鼠害防治体系的展望

根据中国森林病虫鼠害防治现状及国际科学研究进展,研究了２１世纪森林病虫鼠害的研究方向和科学管理战略,提出了研究重点、目标及管理机构的建制。     

Variation in quality and decomposability of red oak leaf litter along an urban-rural gradient

 This study tested whether urban land use can affect the chemistry and decomposability of Quercus rubra L. (red oak) leaf litter in forests within and near a large metropolitan area. Cities may affect the quality of leaf litter directly through foliar uptake of atmospheric pollutants, and indirectly through alterations in local climate and changes in soil fertility caused by pollutant loads and altered nutrient cycling regimes. Using a microbial bioassay, we tested whether red oak leaf litter collected from urban and suburban forests in and near New York City differed in decomposability from litter of the same species collected from rural forests 130 km from the city. We found that oak litter from the urban forests decayed 25% more slowly and supported 50% less cumulative microbial biomass in a laboratory bioassay than rural litter. Rural litter contained less lignin and more labile material than urban litter, and the amounts of these chemical constituents were highly correlated with the decay rate coefficients and integrated microbial growth achieved on the litter. The specific causes of the variation in litter chemistry are not known. The results of this study suggest that decomposer activity and nutrient cycling in forests near large cities may be affected both by altered litter quality and by altered biotic, chemical and physical environments. The sensitivity of the microbial bioassay makes it useful for distinguishing differences in within-species litter quality that result from natural or anthropogenic variation in the environment. Received: 7 January 1999     

都市农业及其环境保护

阐述了都市农业的概念与范畴,北京市都市农业发展特点及其发展过程中废弃物类型、主要环境问题、废弃物处理与资源化的途径以及发展资源综合利用型都市农业的重要性,并提出了都市农业发展方向与对策和北京市都市农业的分区发展规划。     

实施农业持续发展之我见

科学技术是第一生产力。作为农业大国、大省,农业生产的持续发展必须依靠科学技术。农业应用基础理论的研究,新品种,新方法的突破和更新;农民科技意识的培养和文化素质的提高;农业产业结构的合理布局和各种资源的有效充分的利用,都将极大地促进农业生产发展,并达到持续发展的目的。     

Environmental values and forest patch conservation in a rural Costa Rican community

Although conservation attention has generally focused on large forest tracts, there is increasing evidence that smaller forest patches are important for both conservation and rural development. A study of forest patch conservation in a rural Costa Rican community found that, although forest patch conservation was influenced by landholding size, material factors did not account for all the variation in forest patches conservation behavior or conservation orientations of farmers. A qualitative interpretive approach, using semi-structured interviews, found that environmental values were influenced by at least three factors. First, colonist farmers with direct experience with environmental degradation in other regions of Costa Rica were more likely to be concerned about environmental degradation. Second, childhood exposure to conservation played an important role in influencing conservation orientations. Third, the environment was frequently discussed in relation to the moral and social values present in religious doctrines. The study also found general support for forest conservation laws, and a clear indication that interest in forest conservation has grown in recent years. The study highlights the importance of environmental values, in conjunction with material factors, in influencing forest conservation in rural communities.     

利用地面活动的节肢动物进行农田生态环境监测的研究

1993年10月至1995年3月在湖北省潜江市郊,用陷井法进行了地面活动的节肢动物作为农田生态环境监测指标的研究.结果表明:①用陷井法监测地面活动的节肢动物,全年的调查频率以4～9月每月1次为好.②该地区用于监测的关键节肢肢动物可以通过因子分析的方法来选择.③在一个地区,多样化农田景观元素的合理镶嵌是保护有益节肢动物,充分发挥农业生态系统自控功能的有效途径.     

知识经济与新的农业科技革命

科技创新是知识经济发展的动力源,推进新的农业科技革命,把握农业科技革命的内容,确定天津农业科技发展的方向与重点,对发展农业知识经济,实现农业现代化具有重要作用。本文提出了迎接知识经济时代到来,推进天津新的农业科技革命应采取的对策建议。     

森林分类经营的理论及其在黑龙江省林区的应用

指出森林分类经营的依据是：林地分工论和林木定向培育论：森工产业结构的合理化：商品林,公益林,多功能兼融林三种经营区的划分,提出分类经营的五项原则是持续发展,生态,经济,多种经济成分相连应发展和加大科教投入的原则。描述了三种经营区的性质,区划条件及在黑龙江省林区区划的结果,并对实践中存在的问题提出了建议。     

祁连山自然保护区啮齿类动物初步研究

１９９１－１９９７年,经线路踏查,访问,捕捉和查阅已往资料,对祁连山自然保护区分布的啮齿动物进行了调查,初步查明该类动物有２目８科３６种,动物区系属古北界青成长我和蒙新区的交汇地带。分布着高地森林草原－草甸草原啮齿动物和温带荒漠,半荒漠啮齿动物两大类群。依据气候,植被及啮齿动物的分布情况,划分为５个水平地理小区。当前,主要的森林鼠害为中华鼢鼠。     

GIS在森林资源管理中的应用

以东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场为例,利用GIS软件Arcview3．3、数据库软件Foxpro、图像处理软件Photoshop等工具,建立了帽儿山林场森林资源信息管理系统：并详细介绍了该系统的相关功能。