从可持续发展浅谈森林保护与利用对策——以森林生物多样性保护与病虫害控制为例

通过分析森林生物多样性与森林病虫害的现状及其对森林可持续发展的意义,提出了提高意识、加强管理,依靠科技手段保护生物多样性和防治病虫害等措施建议,以期可持续发展森林保护与利用。     

Contributions of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria to nitrification in Oregon forest soils

Ammonia oxidation, the first step of nitrification, is mediated by both ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB); however, the relative contributions of AOA and AOB to soil nitrification are not well understood. In this study we used 1-octyne to discriminate between AOA- and AOB-supported nitrification determined both in soil-water slurries and in unsaturated whole soil at field moisture. Soils were collected from stands of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco) at three sites (Cascade Head, the H.J. Andrews, and McDonald Forest) on acidic soils (pH 3.9–5.7) in Oregon, USA. The abundances of AOA and AOB were measured using quantitative PCR by targeting the amoA gene, which encodes subunit A of ammonia monooxygenase. Total and AOA-specific (octyne-resistant) nitrification activities in soil slurries were significantly higher at Cascade Head (the most acidic soils, pH < 5) than at either the H.J. Andrews or McDonald Forest, and greater in red alder compared with Douglas-fir soils. The fraction of octyne-resistant nitrification varied among sites (21–74%) and was highest at Cascade Head than at the other two locations. Net nitrification rates of whole soil without NH₄⁺ amendment ranged from 0.4 to 3.3 mg N kg⁻¹ soil d⁻¹. Overall, net nitrification rates of whole soil were stimulated 2- to 8-fold by addition of 140 mg NH₄⁺-N kg⁻¹ soil; this was significant for red alder at Cascade Head and the H.J. Andrews. Red alder at Cascade Head was unique in that the majority of NH₄⁺-stimulated nitrifying activity was octyne-resistant (73%). At all other sites, NH₄⁺-stimulated nitrification was octyne-sensitive (68–90%). The octyne-sensitive activity—presumably AOB—was affected more by soil pH whereas the octyne-resistant (AOA) activity was more strongly related to N availability.     

农林类高校学风问题及建设对策探讨

从学习目的、学习态度、学习纪律、学习方法、学习兴趣、学习氛围等方面提出并分析了农林类高校的学风问题,从提高认识、抓实专业思想教育、深化教学改革、坚持导管结合、加强校园文化建设等方面提出了加强学风建设的思路与对策。     

基于生态经济学理论的林下套种模式研究

在分析生态经济学理论基础上论述了林下经济的生态经济学理论基础,并介绍了几种主要的林下经济模式,对几种模式的相关试验研究结果表明:合适的林下经济模式不仅可以有效地带来可观的经济效益,而且可以提高林下土壤肥力以及改良土壤物理性质,从而实现生态经济学的核心内涵—生态效益与经济效益双丰收。     

农业院校图书馆印刷型外文期刊利用状况的统计分析

在电子期刊蓬勃发展并日益得到读者青睐的新时代,馆藏印刷型外文期刊的利用率降低;更由于各高校图书馆的经费与存储空间有限,导致外文印刷型期刊在采购和收藏上存在很大的困难。通过对东北农业大学图书馆五年来读者阅览和复印外刊的变化统计,显示出印刷型外刊在广大的农业院校读者群中还有其存在的意义和作用,为各高校图书馆采购和收藏外刊提供可靠的数据依据。     

乐都县森林防火之我见

森林火灾是森林最危险的敌人,也是林业最可怕的灾害,它会给森林带来最有害,具有毁灭性的后果,本文针对提出实质性的意见。     

农业生产基地项目环境影响评价要点分析及探讨

农业生产基地项目具有影响范围大、产品服务多元化等特点，涉及行业类别较多，其环境影响评价文件也相对复杂。环境影响评价报告编制单位应充分与建设方进行沟通，熟悉项目建设内容，挖掘项目可能的产生污染的环节和设施，明确环境影响范围和环境敏感点，并对项目损益进行两方面的分析。     

伊春森林生态旅游产业对本地经济发展的贡献分析

结合伊春2001~2012年的旅游收入和国民生产总值,从直接经济贡献和间接经济贡献两个角度并利用一元线性回归模型分析了伊春森林生态旅游产业对经济发展的贡献。从显性角度分析得出森林生态旅游产业已经成为伊春的战略性支柱产业;从隐性角度分析表明伊春每l元的旅游收入能够导致伊春GDP增长约为4.273元人民币,而且发展呈上升的趋势。     

广西东门林场森林资源现状和可持续发展策略

根据广西东门林场2009年森林资源二类调查的结果,分析东门林场森林资源现状、特点及存在的问题,并提出东门林场森林资源可持续发展的策略。     

黑龙江省汤原县团结林场森林资源调查情况分析

从3个方面分别介绍了黑龙江省汤原县林业局所属的团结林场的自然、资源及经济情况。