几种新型木本切花在昆明的引种试种试验初报

定期观测所引进的银叶树（Leucadendron）、风轮花(Leucospermum)和风蜡花(Chamelaucium)各个品种的株高并记录物候、病虫害发生情况及越冬表现。结果表明：银叶树7月份生长量最大,11月停止,“旅途落日”比“纯金”早开始生长,且年生长量大于后者;风轮花的生长量在7—8月是高峰,平均每月长高5cm,但年生长量较小;风蜡花全年都在生长,7—8月是“粉色骄傲”的生长高峰,平均每月增高约20cm,“紫色骄傲”没有显著的生长高峰期。银叶树的抗病虫害能力和抗寒性较强,几个风轮花品种在抗病性及抗寒性方面的表现各不相同,风蜡花的抗寒性较强,“粉色骄傲”抗根茎部病害的能力强于“紫色骄傲”。     

基于UML的冬小麦灌溉集成控制研究

针对冬小麦自动灌溉系统的信息化程度较低的问题,基于UML对冬小麦灌溉集成控制系统进行了设计.该系统的硬件主要组成为实时监测系统、集中控制系统、水泵控制系统、可视系统、通信系统和报警系统,系统采用UML作为建模语言,配套Rational Rose作为分析工具,通过对系统进行需求分析并建模,以保证系统软件的设计人员、开发人...     

气力式水稻穴盘成型机气流分配室流场仿真与优化设计

合理的气流分配室结构是气力式水稻穴盘成型机正常工作的前提条件。为了保证气流分配室具有均匀的流场结构,生产出合格的穴盘,以气体控制方程为理论依据,利用FLUENT软件对气流分配室内气流场进行了仿真分析。结合正交试验设计和数值模拟技术,以腔体厚度、通气孔直径和底角为影响因素,速度不均匀系数为评价指标,对气流场进行了单因素和正交模拟仿真试验,结果表明各因素对试验结果影响的主次顺序为配气腔体厚度、通气孔直径、底角;当腔体厚度、通气孔直径和底角分别为110 mm、15 mm和0°时,气流分配室流场均匀性较理想,此时速度不均匀系数为11.37%。试验结果表明,仿真结果与实测结果的平均相对误差为1.59%,双侧相关系数为0.028,存在显著相关关系;穴盘生产成型率为92.3%,穴孔质量和底面厚度的变异系数分别为10.2%和9.81%,满足穴盘生产要求。     

内导叶滚筒式收鱼机设计与实验

针对深海域网箱养殖人工收鱼效率低、且劳动强度大,吸鱼泵等传统收鱼装置鱼损率高、需要装备大功率发电系统、不适合中小型收鱼船作业等问题设计了内导叶滚筒式收鱼机。对该装置的主体结构进行仿真,确定了主体结构发生最大等效应力和应力集中的位置,根据仿真结果进一步优化结构,并试制了实验装置。通过实验得出最优控制方案,即在倾角10°、转速15.3r/min情况下,有效输送量与功耗比最优,且滚筒在不同倾角下最优转速为15r/min,实验鱼损率为0.1%,满足用户要求。该装置能在保证一定收鱼效率的同时降低鱼损率,适合中小型渔船收鱼作业。     

挖拔式木薯收获机挖深液压控制装置的设计与试验

针对挖拔式木薯收获机在收获过程中带有一定倾角的挖掘铲有朝着深度方向行进的趋势,增加了挖土量及挖掘负荷等问题,提出了基于液压控制系统调整挖深的设计思路。为此,研制了一种挖深液压控制装置,主要由地表仿形机构、挖掘铲液压调节机构、液压系统及PLC控制系统4部分组成;同时,对液压系统的负载特性进行系统分析计算,选取了合适的执行元器件,并在此基础上进行土槽实验。结果表明:地表仿形机构,最大误差8.9%,平均误差3.5%;掘铲液压控制系统的响应时间为1.7s,1s内完成对挖出铲的角度与深度自动调节,测试效果能够满足精准挖深控制要求。     

乡土植物在乌鲁木齐园林绿化中的应用

对乌鲁木齐园林绿化中所应用的部分乡土植物进行实地调查,根据其适应性、生长状况、观赏价值等分析乡土树种的应用效果和特色表现,探讨乡土植物种类和数量与地带性特色的关系,并对存在问题提出建议。     

Nitrate leaching in a silage maize field under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer rates

Quantification of the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) and water on nitrate (NO₃) loss provides an important insight for more effective N and water management. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) leaching in a silage maize field. The experiment included four irrigation levels (0.7, 0.85, 1.0, and 1.13 of soil moisture depletion, SMD) and three N fertilization levels (0, 142, and 189 kg N ha⁻¹), with three replications. Ceramic suction cups were used to extract soil solution at 30 and 60 cm soil depths for all 36 experimental plots. Soil NO₃-N content of 0-30 and 30-60-cm layers were evaluated at planting and harvest maturity. Total N uptake (NU) by the crop was also determined. Maximum NO₃-N leaching out of the 60-cm soil layer was 8.43 kg N ha⁻¹, for the 142 kg N ha⁻¹ and over irrigation (1.13 SMD) treatment. The minimum and maximum seasonal average NO₃ concentration at the 60 cm depth was 46 and 138 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Based on our findings, it is possible to control NO₃ leaching out of the root zone during the growing season with a proper combination of irrigation and fertilizer management.     

Determination of growth-stage-specific crop coefficients (Kc) of cotton and wheat

Development of crop coefficient (Kc), the ratio of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) to reference evapotranspiration (ETo), can enhance ETc estimates in relation to specific crop phenological development. This research was conducted to determine growth-stage-specific Kc and crop water use for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) at the Texas AgriLife Research field at Uvalde, TX, USA from 2005 to 2008. Weighing lysimeters were used to measure crop water use and local weather data were used to determine the reference evapotranspiration (ETo). Seven lysimeters, weighing about 14 Mg, consisted of undisturbed 1.5 m × 2.0 m × 2.2 m deep soil monoliths. Six lysimeters were located in the center of a 1-ha field beneath a linear-move sprinkler system equipped with low energy precision application (LEPA) and a seventh lysimeter was established to measure reference grass ETo. Crop water requirements, Kc determination, and comparison to existing FAO Kc values were determined over a 2-year period on cotton and a 3-year period on wheat. Seasonal total amounts of crop water use ranged from 689 to 830 mm for cotton and from 483 to 505 mm for wheat. The Kc values determined over the growing seasons varied from 0.2 to 1.5 for cotton and 0.1 to 1.7 for wheat. Some of the values corresponded and some did not correspond to those from FAO-56 and from the Texas High Plains and elsewhere in other states. We assume that the development of regionally based and growth-stage-specific Kc helps in irrigation management and provides precise water applications for this region.     

农业装备物流体系的数学建模

在分析了农业装备物流体系特点的基础上,指出了目前存在的数学模型不能完全体现和描述农业装备物流体系的特点;建立了基于面向环境时延着色Petri网(EOCTPN)的农业装备物流体系数学模型;研究了不同类型农业装备物流体系对库存总成本和长鞭效应的影响程度;解决了目前存在的无法将正向物流和逆向物流有机结合在一起的问题;有效克服了基础Petri网描述此类问题出现的"节点爆炸"现象.在仿真实验的基础上,提出了应如何构建农业装备物流体系的方法.     

覆膜穴播施肥联合作业机械的研制

设计了一种适合膜上播种的双环带分种分肥穴播器,并采用该播种器研制了覆膜穴播施肥联合作业机械;同时发明了切膜机构、整平机构和覆土机构.通过大量的实验表明,覆膜穴播施肥联合作业机组工作稳定可靠,性能优良,是一款与新农艺相适应的机械化联合作业的机型.