不同种(品种)金鸡菊的染色体数目鉴定及核型分析

为了区分不同金鸡菊的种质,明确目前广为栽培的金鸡菊的染色体数目及核型特征,采用常规压片法,以60个不同的金鸡菊种质为材料,鉴定其根尖细胞的染色体数目,并选取其中18个籽播系材料进行染色体核型分析。结果表明：60个金鸡菊的染色体数目包括12个类型,染色体数目24~52不等,18个核型分析的材料全部为二倍体,染色体基数存在x=10,12,13,14四种。在6个材料中发现了随体,未发现B染色体,染色体类型包括s,sm,st三种。核型全部为2A,核型整体上较为对称,核型不对称系数为58.56%~64.93%,一年生类型的金鸡菊普遍进化程度更高。亲本复杂的染色体基数及染色体倍性是造成栽培金鸡菊染色体数目多变且产生大量非整倍体的主要原因。本研究从细胞学方面为金鸡菊的分类鉴定和杂交育种提供了理论参考。     

学术期刊被引频次与下载次数的关系

对《植物生态学报》、《应用生态学报》、《生态学报》、《生物多样性》、《植物学报》5种生物类学术期刊被引频次和下载次数进行分析。结果表明:5种生物类期刊被引频次和下载次数的变化趋势基本相同,前者呈持续升高趋势,后者先升高后降低;5种期刊的被引频次与下载次数均呈正相关。     

Divergent effects of defoliation intensity and frequency on tiller growth and production dynamics of Pascopyrum smithii and Hesperostipa comata

Rotational stocking theoretically enables regrazing of regrowth, but regrowth may be limited in xerophytic vegetation. We tested the hypothesis that regrowth would be slow and fixed in Hesperostipa comata (a caespitose, drought‐tolerant grass), while growth would be flexible in Pascopyrum smithii (a rhizomatous, less drought‐tolerant grass) under increasing defoliation and moisture, by assessing tiller growth rates, population dynamics and plant yield on marked plants in a Dry Mixed Grass prairie. Plots were clipped in late summer to simulate a deferred control, or intermittently during the growing season (May–August) at high intensity–low frequency (HILF), low intensity–high frequency (LIHF) or high intensity–high frequency and crossed with two water treatments (ambient and addition) in both a xeric upland and a mesic lowland. Growing season defoliation increased tiller growth rates of P. smithii in the upland, whereas HILF and LIHF reduced growth in the lowland. All defoliation regimes increased tiller growth for H. comata. Tiller populations of H. comata increased with frequent defoliation, while tiller populations of P. smithii decreased regardless of defoliation regime. Frequent defoliation, regardless of intensity, reduced yield relative to the deferred control for both grasses. While water addition consistently increased growth rates and reduced differences in tiller number among defoliation treatments, the regrowth of both grasses remained similar under varied defoliation with ambient moisture. High moisture conditions also promoted regrowth more in P. smithii compared to H. comata. In summary, neither grass species displayed an inherently fixed or flexible tiller or plant yield response in response to defoliation or moisture.     

基于随机回归模型的如皋黄鸡产蛋数遗传参数分析

【目的】应用随机回归模型分析如皋黄鸡产蛋数的方差组分和遗传参数。【方法】收集2009-2012年如皋黄鸡的生产记录,包括9 298只蛋鸡的46 327条月产蛋记录。应用随机回归模型分析时将Legendre多项式嵌入加性遗传效应、永久环境效应以及固定效应,各产蛋月以不同的残差效应处理。加性遗传与永久环境效应分别以1~4阶Legendre多项式评估,以AIC、BIC以及残差值选择最优模型。利用WOMBAT软件以平均信息约束最大似然法(AIREML)分析表型方差组分。【结果】如皋黄鸡月产蛋数遗传力为0.05~0.32;开产第2月产蛋数遗传力最低,第1~2月的产蛋数遗传力在0.1以下,第3~7月产蛋数遗传力为0.20~0.32;如皋黄鸡第1个月产蛋数与其他月份产蛋数遗传相关系数较低,相邻产蛋月遗传相关系数较高。【结论】如皋黄鸡产蛋数遗传力较低;随机回归模型适用于地方鸡产蛋数遗传参数估算。     

不同播期处理对玉米品种屯玉6号生长的影响

为了了解影响玉米高产的因素,研究了不同播期对屯玉6号生长的影响,将屯玉6号在6个不同播期下进行种植,分别测定其在各个不同生育时期的生长指标,并对这些指标进行分析比较。结果表明：适期早播能够增加株高和总叶数,有利于叶片干物质的积累,初步得出屯玉6号在当地的最适播期为4月17～22日。     

The distributions of tuber sizes in droughted and irrigated crops of potato. II. Relation between size and weight of tubers and the variability of tuber-size distributions

Summary Tubers from six cultivars of potato grown in irrigated and droughted conditions were examined to show whether observed differences in grade distributions were simple consequences of differences in yield or were the results of changes in tuber shape or in the relative variability (Rv=σ/μ) of the distributions. Differences in tuber shape, indicated by the relations between tuber size (mm) and weight, were statistically significant but were insufficient to cause measurable changes in the grade distributions. There was a range of values of Rv but drought had no statistically significant effect on Rv and may only affect it by influencing the numbers of tubers set. The main effect of drought on the distribution of tuber sizes was through its effect on total yield and hence on mean tuber size. Yield and number of tubers define a unique tuber-size distribution regardless of the soil moisture stress experienced by the crop.     

基于定量PCR方法初步分析西藏开菲尔粒中细菌与酵母菌数量变化

运用实时荧光定量PCR方法分析西藏开菲尔粒中细菌与酵母菌的数量变化规律,需要有效提取其微生物总基因组DNA。本文通过同时添加溶菌酶与溶壁酶优化实验方案,成功获得西藏开菲尔粒中微生物的总基因组DNA。荧光定量PCR分析提取自培养1、4、8和12周的西藏开菲尔粒的微生物总基因组DNA,结果显示:4个时间点细菌16S rRNA与酵母菌26S rRNA基因拷贝数均分别约为每微升107拷贝与105拷贝,表明细菌与酵母菌的数量相对稳定。该结果为进一步研究西藏开菲尔粒中细菌与酵母菌间的共生关系奠定了一定的基础。     

太谷2n=4毛足雕翅摇蚊Glyptotendipes barbipes(Staeger)描述

作者于1983年7月在山西省太谷县发现一毛足雕翅摇蚊Glytotenbipes barbipes(Staeger)种群。由于其染色体数目特异(2n=4),本文对其成虫、蛹及幼虫的分类学特征做了较详细的描述。该物种的雄性成虫的特征与Townes(1945)所描述的以及Pinder(1978)的捡索表中所描述的G. barbipes的雄性成虫特征完全符合,故定名为G. barbipes,但是太谷的G. barbipes与欧洲、北美及苏联的G. barbipes相比,染色体数目不同,必然存在某种生殖隔离。因此,太谷的G. barbipes很可能是G. barbipes的一个亲缘种。     

Observations on the bulking and development of tuber size distribution in maincrop potatoes at Rothamsted in 1964–75

Summary Tuber samples taken at 2-week intervals from plots of cvs King Edward, Majestic and Pentland Crown in 1964–75 showed that the maximum bulking rates ranged from 1 to 5 tonnes/hectare/week. Maximum tuber numbers were usually produced by 11 weeks after planting and thereafter numbers declined. In September, about 70% of the tubers initiated were recovered, and between 24 and 52% of the tubers had reached marketable size (>4 cm). Tuber size distributions developed similarly in all years with all cultivars. During tuber initiation the distributions appeared as one population, and usually between 9 and 11 weeks after planting a second population of larger tubers developed. The population of small tubers later declined although in most years it was still present in September. This development fitted a model based on a mixture of two normal distributions and was determined by five parameters; the proportion of tubers in the small population and the means and standard errors of both populations.     

新疆8种十字花科植物的染色体数目

采用常规根尖压片法对十字花科8种植物的染色体数目进行了研究,试验结果表明,绒毛假蒜芥2n=14;无茎光籽芥2n=14;扭果花旗杆2n=14;厚壁荠2n=14;对枝菜2n=12;甘新念珠芥2n=14;爪花芥2n=4x=28;涩芥2n=4x=28.其中前6种为二倍体,后2种为四倍体;染色体基数除对枝菜n=6外,其余均为n=7,属较进化类型,8种染色体数目均为首次报道.