北部湾鱼类群落格局及其与环境因子的关系

依据2016年北部湾防城港—钦州近岸海域的底拖网调查数据,分析了鱼类群落组成和资源的时空分布;同时结合温度、盐度、溶解氧、pH、深度5种水环境要素,探讨了该海域鱼类群落与环境因子间的关系。结果表明,该海域共捕获鱼类152种,隶属于15目55科96属,二长棘鲷 (Parargyrops edita)、鹿斑鲾 (Secutor ruconius)、多齿蛇鲻 (Saurida tumbil)、褐菖鲉 (Sebastiscus marmoratus) 等为优势种。资源量以春季最丰富,多样性指标春、夏季较高,冬季最低。聚类和NMDS分析得出,该海域可划分为4个鱼类组群,组内平均相似度介于18.27% (组群I) 至32.49% (组群II)。ANOSIM分析表明各组群间鱼类组成差异极显著 (R=0.703~0.982, P<0.01),组群I与IV间存在最大相异性 (98.02%)。冗余分析 (RDA) 表明,底层温度、溶解氧、深度和底层盐度是影响北部湾防城港—钦州近岸海域鱼类分布的主要环境因子。     

泉州湾湿地景观生态规划研究

借助于景观生态规划的概念、原理、方法、程序,分析泉州湾湿地资源、环境与景观生态特征,探讨泉州湾湿地可持续发展的景观生态模式,提出建立景观生态保护区,开展生态旅游,发展绿色生态农业,开发渔业资源,发展港口经济等景观生态规划方案。     

First report of signs of infection by Coccomyxa-like algae in wild blue mussels,Mytilus spp., in the Gulf of Maine (USA,Maine)

In August 2019, visual inspection of intertidal zones of the Gulf of Maine (ME, USA) revealed young and adult wild blue mussels, Mytilus spp., in Alley Bay (Jonesport area) with the distinctive L-shaped shell deformity (LSSD) and green spots (GS) in the mantle and adductor muscle. LSSD is a characteristic sign of current or previous mussel infection by photosynthetic unicellular alga from the group Coccomyxa, while GS are algal colonies. Based on these findings, this study represents the first report of infection signs by pathogenic Coccomyxa-like algae in mussels from the coastal waters of the Northeastern United States, providing a base for future large scale monitoring of the alga in the region.     

辽西海域日本对虾生产性移植放流试验

１９９８年５月 ２４～２９日,在辽宁省葫芦岛市连山湾近岸水域放流体长１０．６±１．１ｍｍ的日本对虾２ ７９８．８万尾。 ８月中旬～１０月中旬期间,沿岸作业的 ５３４只渔船兼捕到本种商品虾 ２４．５ ｔ,平均体长 １４７．３ｍｍ,平均体重 ４０．７ ｇ,相当于 ６０．３万尾,回捕率为 ２． １５％,放流投资与增殖虾产值的比例为 １：５．４,效果良好。     

It’s about time: A synthesis of changing phenology in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem

The timing of recurring biological and seasonal environmental events is changing on a global scale relative to temperature and other climate drivers. This study considers the Gulf of Maine ecosystem, a region of high social and ecological importance in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean and synthesizes current knowledge of (a) key seasonal processes, patterns, and events; (b) direct evidence for shifts in timing; (c) implications of phenological responses for linked ecological‐human systems; and (d) potential phenology‐focused adaptation strategies and actions. Twenty studies demonstrated shifts in timing of regional marine organisms and seasonal environmental events. The most common response was earlier timing, observed in spring onset, spring and winter hydrology, zooplankton abundance, occurrence of several larval fishes, and diadromous fish migrations. Later timing was documented for fall onset, reproduction and fledging in Atlantic puffins, spring and fall phytoplankton blooms, and occurrence of additional larval fishes. Changes in event duration generally increased and were detected in zooplankton peak abundance, early life history periods of macro‐invertebrates, and lobster fishery landings. Reduced duration was observed in winter–spring ice‐affected stream flows. Two studies projected phenological changes, both finding diapause duration would decrease in zooplankton under future climate scenarios. Phenological responses were species‐specific and varied depending on the environmental driver, spatial, and temporal scales evaluated. Overall, a wide range of baseline phenology and relevant modeling studies exist, yet surprisingly few document long‐term shifts. Results reveal a need for increased emphasis on phenological shifts in the Gulf of Maine and identify opportunities for future research and consideration of phenological changes in adaptation efforts.     

Movement of adult male snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio, in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence and eastern Nova Scotia, Canada

A total of 12,755 adult male snow crabs (Chionoecetes opilio) were tagged with spaghetti–Carlin tags in 33 sites throughout the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (sGSL) and eastern Nova Scotia (eNS) between 1993 and 2003. Of the 1971 tag returns obtained between 1994 and 2004, 1703 had accurate geographical recapture positions. The average distance travelled was 16.7 km for sGSL (maximum 165 km) and 61.5 km for eNS (maximum 368 km). The release site and the number of days at liberty before recapture were significant factors affecting the distance travelled by the crabs. Size had no significant effect on the distance travelled or the direction of movement. The present observations support the sedentary nature previously reported for the sGSL snow crab stock, but not the eNS stock, where the movement of snow crab was more dynamic. In both regions, there were movements between management areas, which indicates that managing the fisheries in discrete units is not warranted.     

Modeling environmental influence on Atlantic bluefin tuna bycatch by Mexican longliners in the Gulf of Mexico

Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT) stocks have been considered overfished over the last decades, especially the western stock, whose main spawning grounds are in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Despite the current measures implemented, spawner bycatch by the longline fleet targeting yellowfin tuna (YFT) may explain the lack of recovery of local stocks. This situation demands the implementation of appropriate spatiotemporal management strategies to minimize bluefin bycatch in the GoM, which involves knowledge in depth of its distribution and environmental forcing. Using catch and effort data from the Mexican commercial longline fleet with 100% scientific observer coverage from 1999 to 2012 and satellite derived environmental data, this study investigated the influence of environmental conditions on catch per unit effort (CPUE) of ABFT and YFT. General additive models (GAMs) were fitted using a negative binomial distribution and applying Akaike information criterion (AIC) to select the best model. Bluefin CPUE exhibited a marked seasonality, reaching higher values in February and March while YFT catches occurred throughout the year. Two main locations were identified with higher ABFT bycatch rates, Campeche Bay and the western‐central area of the GoM. Higher ABFT CPUE was significantly associated with areas with negative sea level anomalies and low sea surface temperatures, characteristic of cyclonic eddies. Instead, YFT CPUE showed a lesser environmental influence in its distribution. To our knowledge, the patterns shown in this study provide the first in‐depth approach to understand ABFT bycatch in Mexican waters, which will help in further development of adequate management strategies.     

渤海湾天津海域贝体调查与评价

对2012年10月至2013年10月期间,在渤海湾天津海域采集的毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)、缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)、脉红螺(Rapana venosa)、文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)、牡蛎(Ostrea cucullata)、四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)和扁玉螺(Neverita didyma)等常见贝类样品生物类、石油类、重金属污染状况进行调查及初步评价。结果表明,化学污染因子石油烃、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、无机As均有残存,生物污染因子粪大肠菌群、腹泻性贝类毒素也均有检出,但含量值较低。总体来看渤海湾天津海域常见贝体没有受到明显污染。     

广西北部湾经济区农业非均衡发展比较研究

在广西自治区北部湾经济区基本情况的基础上,对农业经济、农业生产、农民生活等农业发展总体情况进行了分析;利用广西自治区、南宁市、防城港市、钦州市、北海市面板数据,借鉴国内学者的研究成果和经济非均衡增长理论,从该区域第一产业人均增加值、粮经比、农产品产出、人均农产品占有量4个方面对该区域存在的非均衡发展现象进行比较分析。基于经济、产业、条件等基础层面分析非均衡发展现象的成因,并提出了强化北部湾农业产业分工与协同、强化北部湾农村改革试验的集成研究、强化北部湾农业产业升级与转型发展的对策建议。