株洲市生活污水污染特征研究

在一年中，分4个季度(每季度3天，每天4次)对株洲市区具有代表性的4个不同地点的生活污水水质进行了监测.结果表明生活污水中的主要污染物是BOD5和Inorg-P；污染物浓度有明显的时空变化规律，中午和傍晚前后的浓度较高，早晨和半夜则较低，冬、春季节的污水污染物浓度皆高于夏、秋两季，居民、餐饮业密集区的污水中污染物浓度显著高于商业区和混合区；污水中氮、磷主要以无机盐形式存在；目前株洲市生活污水排放量与主要工业污染源废水年排放量相当，CODcr、BOD     

Comparison of the composting process using ear corn residue and three other conventional bulking agents during cow manure composting under high‐moisture conditions

To elucidate the characteristics of ear corn residue as a bulking agent, the composting process using this residue was compared with processes using three other conventional materials such as sawdust, wheat straw and rice husk, employing a bench‐scale composting reactor. As evaluated via biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), ear corn residue contains 3.3 and 2.0 times more easily digestible materials than sawdust and rice husk, respectively. In addition, mixing ear corn residue with manure resulted in reduced bulk density, which was the same as that of wheat straw and was 0.58 and 0.67 times lower than that of sawdust and a rice husk mixture, respectively. To evaluate temperature generation during the composting process, the maximum temperature and area under the temperature curve (AUC_TEMP) were compared among the mixed composts of four bulking agents. Maximum temperature (54.3°C) as well as AUC_TEMP (7310°C●h) of ear corn residue were significantly higher than those of sawdust and rice husk (P < 0.05), and they are similar to that of wheat straw mixed compost. Along with the value of AUC_TEMP, the highest organic matter losses of 31.1% were observed in ear corn residue mixed compost, followed by wheat straw, saw dust and rice husk.     

BOD测量方法及仪器进展

生化需氧量(BOD)是一项水质监测的重要指标,本文分析介绍了现有的BOD测量方法,同时分析介绍了适用于淡水、海水的BOD分析仪器。     

土地集约利用时空变化对土地财政的响应

为探讨土地集约利用与土地财政之间的关系,并分析其时空分布规律.基于我国地级市2005年、2010年、2015年、2018年等4个时段的数据,运用BOD模型和探索性空间分析方法,测算土地集约利用绩效指数.结果表明:1)土地集约利用绩效指数等级大体呈现出"北高南低"的分布格局,2005-2015年土地集约利用绩效指数等级高...     

新型复合功能菌群的构建及其在近海养殖水体BOD微生物传感器中的应用

生化需氧量(BOD)是监测水体中可生物降解的有机物含量的一个重要参数,是目前最常用的水体有机污染综合评价指标之一。随着环境污染问题日益严重,建立和发展快速测定生化需氧量的体系尤其重要。适用于淡水的BOD测定仪已经成型,海水盐度高,BOD浓度低,测定仪样品传输及测量的精度和微生物传感器菌种的耐盐性给构建海水BOD自动测定体系带来困难。从三亚近海养殖水体污染严重的三亚海宝近海养殖专业合作社养殖场水样中分离得到3株能高效降解蛋白质、淀粉和油脂的菌株Bacillus HXY-10、As-pergillus sp.HXY-3和Methylobacterium sp.HXY-7,通过共培养构建能高效去除养殖水体中氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的固定化复合功能菌群,采用夹膜法制作BOD生物传感器微生物膜。传感器响应电流与水样的BOD含量在2～60 mg/L之间呈线性关系,相关系数为0.992 3。对含有已知BOD含量的水样8次测量,RSD为3.34%,表明BOD传感器检测体系重现性良好,为该复合功能菌群进一步应用于近海养殖水体BOD传感器奠定基础。     

Alum residuals as a low technology for phosphorus removal from aquaculture processing water

Aquaculture process waters are often scrutinized for loading phosphorus discharges into surface water. With the growing regulatory control of discharge from aquaculture process industries, it has become very important to address low cost and effective technological solution for aquaculture facilities. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of alum residuals, which were generated during drinking water treatment for adsorption of phosphorus from aquaculture process water. Alum residuals were dried using an oven at 105 °C for 24 h. Particle size (d₆₀) was similar to conventional adsorbent, granular activated carbon. Bench scale experiments (batch and fixed bed column tests) were conducted using oven dried alum residuals. Fixed bed column tests also looked at the effect of influent pH on the effectiveness of oven dried alum residuals. Experimental results observed phosphorus removal of 94–99% using an alum residuals concentration of 4–16 g/L. Freundlich adsorption isotherm was effective in explaining partitioning among solid and liquid phases. Oven dried alum residuals were a better adsorbent for orthophosphate phosphorus than total phosphorus. Effluent pH levels for both batch and fixed bed column tests were within range of 6–9 for most of the samples tested and therefore, suitable for surface water disposal. There were no effects of pH observed on the breakthrough pore volume processed during fixed bed column test. There was aluminum leaching from oven dried alum residuals, however, not high enough to cause toxicity for aquatic species if disposed in surface water. Oven dried alum residuals were also able to adsorb organic matter from aquaculture process water. The effluent BOD₅ was below 30 mg/L for most of the samples with an exception of a few samples where BOD₅ was beyond the limit for surface water disposal guidelines. The results indicated that oven dried alum residuals have potential to provide a technological solution for small aquaculture facilities.     

水库网箱养鱼与水环境保护关系的研究

通过连续2年进行不投铒网箱养鱼试验，并每2个月对网箱养殖区及上、下游进行水体理化监测，结果表明，网箱养鱼能改善水体透明度，降低BOD5、CODMn含量，并对降低TP也有一定作用。     

碱性含油污水生化处理的实验室研究

介绍采用厌氧酸化－好氧活性污泥法处理碱性含油污水的实验室研究情况。研究结果表明，采用生物酸化可以调整污水ｐＨ值，并可提高可生化性，使整个系统的ＣＯＤ去除率提高，从而可以认为生物（水解）酸化－二级暴气沉淀是炼油含碱污水合适的生化处理流程。