工业废水处理方法的选择

论述了工业废水处理的几种选择方法及确定选择废水处理方法的基本原则     

BOD_5与CODcr相关关系实验研究

根据BOD5与CODcr的机理,同步测定了大溪不同河段河水的BOD5与CODcr。通过对实验数据进行统计和回归分析,发现这2种数值之间存在着线性关系。     

工厂化养鱼供水量和供气量的确定

综合工厂化养鱼池内进水、排水、供气、生物代谢、饵料投喂和有害物质降解的关系，利用的料平衡原理、微生物降解动力学原理、生物能量学原理和养鱼池的水力特性，建立供水量、供气量与产氮率、耗氧率、产BOD率的关系式，提出工厂化养鱼场供水量和供气量的计算方程式和方法。     

天津市郊区部分水体水质BOD和COD分析

为了解天津市津静路附近池塘水与排污井的水质,对其附近的5个地上水体和5个排污井进行了水质BOD和COD分析。结果显示:地上供试水体的BOD值是校外排污河>城建后池塘>农学院荷花池和城建荷花池>农学院砚池,其中,校外排污河和城建后池塘的水体BOD值明显高于其他3个水体,城建后池塘水的BOD值是其余两个池塘的2倍以上。校外排污河与城建后池塘水的BOD值均未达到国家地表水最低水质要求,农学院荷花池水的BOD值达V类水标准,城建荷花池水达IV类水标准,农学院砚池水达II类水标准。供试水体中的COD值为城建后池塘>校外排污河>农学院砚池、城建荷花池、农学院荷花池。城建后池塘的COD值最高,甚至高于排污河,说明该水体化学污染严重,远远超过国家地表水环境质量标准。其他3个水体的COD值达到国家地表水环境质量IV类地表水标准。而排污井水的BOD值从高到低依次是校内4号公寓>校内浴池>校外公寓>校内7号公寓>主楼,BOD值为132～1 370 mg/L。排污井水的COD值从高到低依次为校内4号公寓>校内7号公寓和校内浴池>主楼和校外公寓,COD值为432～1 483 mg/L。根据国家污水排放水质标准,各测试点的污水均不能直接排放。     

Comparison of wetland and agriculture drainage as sources of biochemical oxygen demand to the San Joaquin River, California

For many years, the San Joaquin River (SJR) has had low dissolved oxygen conditions intermittently during the late summer and early fall. The low dissolved oxygen conditions are impacting critical fish habitat and the SJR is being regulated under a state of California remediation plan that includes the development of a total maximum daily load (TMDL) allocation for oxygen demanding substances. In support of the development of a scientific TMDL allocation, studies are being conducted to characterize water quality in the many tributaries of the SJR. This study identified the sources of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in two western tributaries of the SJR, Mud Slough and Salt Slough, and measured the loads of BOD, algae, and ammonia entering the SJR from wetland and agricultural sources.

Mud and Salt Sloughs drain the Grassland Watershed. The watershed contains seasonal wetlands, irrigated farmland, and other agricultural lands. This drainage is under close regulatory scrutiny, because it produces a majority of the selenium and boron entering the SJR. In this study, wetland and irrigated agricultural drainage were sampled separately and a comparison was made to determine differences in water quality. In addition, water entering the study area was compared to water exiting the study area to determine the effect of water use in the region on water quality.

This study demonstrated that BOD loads from the Grassland Watershed to the SJR were proportional to flow during June–October, the most critical time for dissolved oxygen deficits in the lower SJR. This indicates that Mud and Salt Sloughs are not producing more BOD than other tributaries in the region that are not under close regulatory scrutiny. The BOD concentration of wetland drainage is higher than that of agricultural drainage, but the higher agricultural drainage flows result in a higher mass loading of BOD. Wetland flooding and irrigation of crops both had a negative impact on water quality. Algal growth was identified as the major source of BOD in agricultural drainage and locations where BOD control could potentially be implemented were identified.     

甘薯煮食过程的排污研究

[目的]研究甘薯煮食过程形成污染物的量和各污染物浓度。[方法]模拟生活中人们煮甘薯的过程并收集该过程中产生的6种潜在污染样品,分别测定这些样品的COD、BOD5、TN、TP、NH3-N的含量,得出各项指标确定甘薯食用过程的产污系数。[结果]生甘薯的COD、BOD5、TN、TP含量稍大于煮甘薯,而NH3-H含量则小于煮甘薯。[结论]该研究为制定食品加工过程产污系数提供了理论指导。     

淀粉废水及废弃物的利用研究

玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉加工过程中的废水、废渣成分复杂,营养丰富,对其研究和利用,不仅可变废为宝,而且可以减少环境污染。探讨了玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉废水的处理方法以及废弃物的综合回收利用。     

UBF-SBR工艺在畜禽养殖场废水治理中的应用

指出了畜禽养殖场废水危害的严重性与治理的必要性,分析了常见的畜禽养殖场废水处理工艺的特点.针对畜禽养殖场废水有机物浓度高,NH3-N浓度高、恶臭严重的特点, 提出了UBF-SBR畜禽养殖场废水处理工艺.该工艺具有投资省,电耗和运行费用低,启动速度快,运行稳定可靠,占地面积小,污泥排放量少,管理方便等明显特点.试验结果证明,经上述工艺处理, 畜禽养殖场废水中的NH3-N,COD,BOD5等指标均能达到排放标准.     

近红外光谱法快速测定废水生化需氧量

采用透射法采集了污水处理厂废水120个样品的近红外光谱数据,以采用标准稀释法测得的5 d废水生化需氧量为参考值建立废水BOD近红外预测模型.研究比较了以逐步多元线性回归(SMLR)、主成分回归(PCR)、偏最小二乘法(PLS)3种校正方法建立的废水生化需氧量(BOD)预测模型,发现PLS校正模型优于其余2种,其校正相关系数(rc)达0.763,校正标准差为27.7 mg.L-1,预测标准差为29.1 mg.L-1.结果表明,近红外光谱技术可成为废水BOD快速检测的新手段.     

大辽河口及邻近海域的污染现状和特征

大辽河是辽东湾污染物主要输入河流,通过对大辽河口及其河口邻近海域的环境监测调查,分析大辽河口和河口邻近海域的主要污染物BOD5、COD、无机氮、无机磷和重金属等的污染状况及分布特征。调查结果表明,河口BOD5的含量均高于邻近海域的含量,而河口COD的含量与邻近海域的含量差别不大;重金属丰水期含量最高,营养盐无机氮、无机磷在平水期含量最高,因而秋季辽东湾更易发生赤潮。