The use of atropine to control heart rate responses during detomidine sedation in horses

Detomidine is a sedative-analgesic which has a pharmacological profile similar to xylazine. There is evidence that the sedative effects are mediated through alpha-2 adrenoceptors.Cardiopulmonary responses were determined using detomidine as the principal agent and as a preanesthetic prior to the induction of general anesthesia. Compatibility with guaifenesin, sodium thia-mylal and halothane were determined.As in the case of xylazine, detomidine produces a slowing of heart rates. This was found to be either sinus bradycardia or heart block. There may be a corresponding increase in systolic blood pressures. The respiratory pattern is altered through the arterial blood gases and pH data supported evidence of adequate ventilation. The heart rate response to detomidine without anticholinergic treatment was transient and related to he duration of drug action.Atropine sulfate, 0.02 mg/kg i.v. was effective in preventing or treating bradycardia or heart block from detomidine. Heart rates also increased during the administration of guaifenesin and sodium thia-mylal when given 50 min poisit-detomidine.     

多不饱和脂肪酸的生物学功能及其在鸡生产中的应用研究进展简

多不饱和脂肪酸是一种具有特殊生物学功能的物质,在机体免疫调节、细胞增长、基因调控、脂质代谢及抗癌等方面都具有重要的作用,作者简述了多不饱和脂肪酸的生物学功能及其在鸡生产中的应用研究进展,包括对鸡生产性能、蛋肉品质和免疫机制等方面的调节作用。     

长链非编码RNA及其在医学、家畜方面的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, LncRNA)是一类转录本长度超过200 nt的RNA分子,没有或少有编码蛋白的能力。LncRNA参与编码基因表达调控的表观遗传机制,能够直接调控靶基因的转录与蛋白的降解等,在基因组印记、转录调控及人类疾病等方面有着广泛功能。作者着重对LncRNA的特点、分类、作用机制及其在医学和家畜方面的研究进展作一综述,最后对LncRNA在家畜方面的研究与应用进行展望。     

禽胰多肽研究进展

禽胰多肽(avian pancreatic polypeptide,APP)是由36个氨基酸残基组成,由胰脏胰多肽细胞分泌的一种多肽。研究表明,APP具有促进畜禽采食,加快生长发育,调节胃肠道运动,影响内分泌活动和保护细胞膜的完整性等多种生理作用。在近30年的研究工作中,人们对胰多肽的生理功能和临床应用有了一定的了解,但是对其生理活性及作用机制的研究尚处于探索阶段,在许多方面还有待进一步研究揭示。     

3种优势牧草在不同生育期对干旱胁迫的响应

选择松嫩草地上的3种优势牧草羊草(Leymus chinensis)、碱蒿(Artemisia anethifolia)和全叶马兰(Kalimeris integrifolia) ,通过野外干旱胁迫试验、定点实时观测和隶属函数法,研究3种优势牧草在不同生育期内对不同等级干旱胁迫的响应,探究不同等级干旱胁迫对牧草在不同生育期内形态特性的影响及其抗旱能力。结果表明：在牧草同一生育期内,随干旱胁迫程度加剧,株高、叶长、叶绿素含量和产量受到的影响越大,在特旱程度下,3种牧草生长受干旱胁迫影响最严重;同一干旱胁迫处理下,随着生育期推移,株高、叶长、叶绿素含量和产量受干旱胁迫的影响总体呈减少趋势。3种牧草在其生育期内的抗旱性呈现出一定的规律性,羊草在开花期抗旱能力最强,其次是在返青期;全叶马兰在开花期抗旱能力最强,其次是在返青期,在抽穗期最差;碱蒿在开花期抗旱能力最强,其次是在抽穗期,在返青期最差。本研究结果对松嫩草地3种优势草种在不同生育期内遭受不同程度干旱胁迫时采取不同应急方案具有指导作用,也为培育优良耐旱草种及草地生态系统可持续发展提供了一定的参考。     

马乳脂肪球膜蛋白组鉴定及潜在功能分析

试验旨在研究马乳脂肪球膜（milk fat globule membrane,MFGM）蛋白组成及潜在的生物学功能。选取12匹5岁左右、平均体重为450~500 kg的健康纯血母马作为试验动物,主要饲喂干牧草,所有马匹饲养和管理条件均相同。将12份样品以每组4份进行混合,分离提取产后第60天马乳中MFGM蛋白,进行高分辨质谱仪鉴定和生物信息学分析。结果显示,马MFGM组分中共鉴定出310种表达蛋白,这些蛋白主要参与的生物过程为生物调节、刺激应答、定位、多细胞生物过程、运输、信号、细胞通讯、发育过程、细胞分化和免疫系统过程等;细胞成分主要为胞外区域、膜、囊泡、核仁和线粒体等;分子功能主要为催化活性、蛋白质结合、碳水化合物衍生物结合和小分子结合等。KEGG通路分析表明,MFGM蛋白主要参与血小板活化通路、内吞、脂肪酸生物合成和Ras信号通路等。马乳MFGM蛋白的蛋白质互作网络分析图中共包含215种蛋白质。本研究结果揭示了马乳MFGM蛋白质组的复杂性,为解析其营养和生物学功能提供了科学数据。     

天蚕素抗菌肽对817肉杂鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究天蚕素抗菌肽对817肉杂鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响。选取1日龄817肉杂鸡900羽,随机分为5个处理组（对照组、抗生素组及Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组）,每组6个重复,每个重复30羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加150 mg/kg金霉素,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加100、200和300 mg/kg天蚕素抗菌肽,试验期42 d。结果显示,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组能显著提高1~21日龄817肉杂鸡的平均日增重（P<0.05）,显著降低料重比（P<0.05）;显著提高21、42日龄817肉杂鸡的胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏指数（P<0.05）;显著提高42日龄肉杂鸡的ND抗体水平和T淋巴细胞转化率（P<0.05）,表明在日粮中添加天蚕素抗菌肽能提高817肉杂鸡的生长性能和免疫功能,在本试验条件下,适宜的添加量为200 mg/kg。     

蜂胶高生物活性黄酮组分的研究

本文探讨了蜂胶总黄酮中最具活性的黄酮类物质的提取分离、官能结构特征与功能关系、可能的功效,进而提出了如何看待蜂胶总黄酮含量高低的问题.     

Effects of Amino Acids on Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Signaling Pathways

The intestine is the primary organ responsible for digestion and absorption of nutrients and is frequently subjected to external environmental stimulations leading to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which can cause serious harm to intestinal health in animals. Dietary amino acids play important roles in promoting intestinal development and maintaining intestinal health and exert diverse effects through multiple signaling pathways on the prevention and treatment of IBD, including affecting the physiological activities of intestinal epithelial cells, improving intestinal barrier function, reducing intestinal oxidative damage, regulating the production of inflammatory cytokines, and promoting the expression of endogenous antimicrobial peptides, and involved in main signaling pathways including AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (NOD)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). In this review, basic characteristics of IBD, effects and involved signaling pathways of the amino acids on IBD, and effects and applications of amino acids in maintaining intestinal health in livestock and poultry production were reviewed, so as to provide effective clues and strategies for dietary nutrients in the prevention and treatment of IBD.     

High Throughput Sequencing to Study the Effect of Chronic Renal Failure on the Diversity and Gene Function Prediction of Gut Microbiota in Dogs

This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic renal failure(CRF) on the gut microbiota diversity and predict the gene function of the flora. A total of 30 2-year-old dogs were selected and randomly divided into the chronic renal failure model group (CRF, established by renal artery ligation), sham operation control group (Sham) and healthy control group (HCG). All animals were fed normally during the 56 days of test period. The serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urine protein / creatinine ratio (UP/C) were detected regularly during the experiment. The effects of chronic renal failure on the structure, diversity and function of gut microbiota were analyzed according to the result of bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing from fresh feces collected without contamination. The flora markers index (FMI) was constructed based on the principal component Logistic regression analysis of different microbiota in CRF group to predict the development of chronic renal failure. The results showed that: 1) The levels of Scr, BUN and UP/C in CRF group from the start of the 28th day of the experiment were significantly higher than those of HCG group and Sham group (P<0.05), and significantly higher than that of the first day of CRF group (P<0.05). 2) Compared with those before chronic renal failure (CRF group at day 0 and 28), HCG group and Sham group, the Chao 1 diversity and Shannon diversity of gut microbiota in CRF group at day 56 were significantly lower (P<0.05), while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria significantly increased and the number of Firmicutes significantly decreased (P<0.05). 3) LEfSe analysis showed that 20 species were enriched in CRF group, mainly including Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Proteus and so on, and most of them had negative correlation with other intestinal bacteria. Functional prediction revealed that genes of those different species were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, sugar biosynthesis and metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism in CRF group. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the FMI constructed with those species enriched was 0.788, which could be used as the intestinal microbial marker for CRF in dogs. In summary, chronic renal failure can reduce the diversity of intestinal microbiota, lead to the imbalance of bacterial structure and change of bacterial function. Moreover, the enriched gut microbiota in CRF group can be used as the intestinal microbial marker of CRF in dogs, and the best prediction effect can be obtained by FMI.