Evaluation of Thermal Environment of Cowshed and Correlation Analysis Between Thermal Parameter and Physiological Parameter of Dairy Cows in Central Plain of Hebei

The purpose of this study was to evaluate thermal environment of cowshed in four seasons in central plain of Hebei,and analyze the correlation between the temperature parameters and physiological indexes of dairy cows.Three dairy cow houses with different building structures were selected,the thermal parameters (ambient temperature (Ta) and relative humidity (RH)) and physiological parameters (respiratory rate,rectal temperature and body surface temperature) were detected.The results showed that the Ta,RH and index of temperature and humidity (THI) changed significantly in four seasons (P<0.05),the average daily temperature in summer was the highest (28.59 ℃),and the average daily temperature in winter was the lowest (1.55 ℃).In summer,dairy cows were suffering from mild heat stress for 15.5 h every day,and from moderate heat stress for 6.0 h.In winter,dairy cows were under mild cold stress for an average of 12.0 h per day.The Ta and THI of three cowsheds in each season had no significant differece (P>0.05),except for that in winter.Compared with the cowshed with low wall or roller blind,the average Ta in the cowshed with only roof was 0.80-1.27 ℃ higher in summer and 1.36-1.84 ℃ lower in winter.In addition,the physiological parameters of dairy cows were extremely significantly higher in summer than those in other seasons (P<0.01).The respiration frequency or rectal temperature of cows among cowsheds in summer were significantly different (P<0.05),and the seasonal difference in body surface temperature was significant (P<0.05).Correlation analysis of thermal parameters and cow physiological parameters showed that the respiratory frequency,rectal temperature and body surface temperature were positively correlated with THI and Ta (P<0.05).However,there was no significant correlation between physiological parameters and RH (P>0.05).The results provided scientific basis for environment evaluation of cows,and physiological status of dairy cows were inferred according to environmental thermal parameters,which provided data for occurrence and early warning of stress.     

猪发热的进程、分型和治疗

猪的正常体温为38～40℃,通常指的是直肠温度。当外界气温高、活动和进食后、母猪在分娩前后以及仔猪的体温稍高,或暂时发生变性,但若连续地超过40℃以上,则为发热。     

B型超声诊断技术在波尔山羊妊娠早期的应用研究

为了提高波尔山羊的繁殖效率,试验采用B型超声诊断技术在波尔山羊妊娠早期进行了声像学监测.对早期妊娠诊断以及怀胎数目诊断进行了研究.结果显示:在波尔山羊妊娠早期,即妊娠40 d之前,主要以直肠检查为主,腹壁检查为辅;妊娠40d以后腹壁检查时胎体清晰可见,主要以腹壁检查为主,妊娠诊断的准确率为100%,双胎诊断的准确率为100%,单胎诊断的准确率为81.8%.     

蒲公英中黄酮的响应面法优化提取和同步荧光法检测研究

本试验应用响应面法优化超声-微波协同萃取蒲公英中黄酮的提取工艺,并建立测定黄酮含量的同步荧光法。在单因素试验结果的基础上,以提取溶剂乙醇浓度、微波功率、萃取时间和料液比为自变量,提取液的荧光强度为响应值,设计4因素3水平响应面试验,优化蒲公英中黄酮的提取工艺;单因素试验确定同步荧光法的测定条件。结果表明：1)判定系数R²=0.964 8,说明模型与实际结果拟合程度好,所得模型能解释96.48%的响应值改变,校正判定系数(R_Adj²=0.929 5)与预测判定系数(R_Pred²=0.886 0)接近。2)响应面法优化超声-微波协同萃取技术提取蒲公英中的黄酮,其最佳提取条件为乙醇浓度50%,微波功率250 W,萃取时间30 min,料液比1∶30 (g∶mL)。3)同步荧光法的最佳测定条件为波长差值(Δλ)=55 nm, Al(NO₃)₃浓度0.2%,加入pH=6的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液1 mL,室温条件下反应50 min。在最佳测定条件下,...     

绵羊循经声信号与机体组织关系探讨

通过１１只绵羊１０１５穴次的环切试验及断肢经穴声发射检测观察，证明绵羊循经声发射信号的活动与各种组织都有不同的相关联系，其最主要的是肌肉组织（包括其中的神经、血管组织等），证明了绵羊循经声发射信号是一种伴随生命现象而存在的生物物理信号。     

茶文化——从文化现象到文化产业还有多远的距离?

茶文化,作为中华文明的一枚奇葩源远流长,从“神农尝百草,日遇七十二毒,得茶（茶）而解”到陆羽《茶经》,再到现阶段遍地开花的茶艺馆、茶旅游业,茶文化逐渐从一种附属于茶产业的存在发展成为一个独立的产业,逐渐从文人雅士“阳春白雪”式的消遣走向寻常百姓文化消费。然而,在这股茶文化消费的热潮中,我们不仅仅要看到新的消费热点带来的巨大经济效益,也要看到在这个发展过程中,茶文化成长为一个持续发展的产业所存在的缺陷与不足,思考采取怎样的方式来保障和促进茶文化产业持续健康的发展。     

犬会阴疝的诊治

会阴疝(perineal hernia)指腹腔或盆腔脏器经盆腔后直肠侧面结缔组织间隙突至会阴部皮下所形成的局限性突起。疝内容物多为直肠，也见膀胱、前列腺或腹膜后脂肪。在五年的临床实践中发现本病属临床多发生病。常发生于7-9岁公犬．10岁以上公犬虽也有发生，但发病率较低；母犬偶有发生。     

心血管造影技术在小动物临床上的应用

心血管造影术目前已经成为兽医临床上十分有效的诊断手段之一．依据检查方法的不同．可以分为超声心动图检查（Echocardiography）和X线造影检查。造影术之所以是个很好的技术，是因为它简单直观的呈现吕清晰的被检部位照片．尤其是在诊断小动物先天性或后天获得性心血管疾病上更有优势。本就心血管造影技术在小动物临床上的应用作一综述．     

蛋鸡脱肛原因及防治措施

蛋鸡在生长及生产过程中，因不合理的光照、饲养管理、疾病及应激等因素而导致直肠脱出，即脱肛。若不及时治疗便可引起其它鸡啄肛，使之出血，并因病情加重而死亡，造成极大经济损失。     

1例犬脾脏破裂的影像学诊断及治疗

<正>犬脾脏破裂常发生于各种撞击、跌落及咬斗,多数犬出现意外撞击造成脾脏破裂时,其临床症状往往会被外伤、出血、疼痛等其他临床症状所掩盖,如果不能快速及时地进行诊断,往往会失去最佳治疗时机,甚致导致死亡。临床中可以使用超声、X光等非侵入性的诊断手段进行及时确诊。1病例情况泰迪犬,2岁,雌性,未绝育。主诉:就诊前一天晚上在小区内追逐一只小猫,与一电动车发生碰撞,碰撞时狗狗大叫一声后躲进小区花园内,因为电动车