酵母核酸替代血浆蛋白粉在断奶仔猪中的应用效果

试验选取健康、体重相近(7.52±0.17kg)、28日龄断奶仔猪60头,随机分为2组(各3个重复,每个重复10头猪),试验设计为2个处理组(3%血浆蛋白粉基础饲粮和3%酵母核酸基础饲粮),每组随机接受1个处理,试验共28d,试验第14d称重。结果显示:0d～28d添加酵母核酸与血浆蛋白相比,日增重和日采食量分别提高了11.40%和2.69%(P>0.05),料肉比降低了8.84%(P>0.05),明显提高生产性能。在经济效益中,试验结束后饲料成本差异不显著,但添加酵母核酸比添加血浆蛋白有提高日增重、提高日采食量、降低料肉比,经济效益显著。综合比较,高性价比的酵母核酸是血浆蛋白的理想替代物。     

Development of Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Immunoassay Detection Method for Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus

In this article, through the combination of nucleic acid probes and immune chromatography, a simple, sensitive and specific detection system——nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay (NALFIA) for amplifing foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3D RT-PCR products was established.An ultrasensitive nucleic acid biosensor (NAB) based on streptavidin-labeled gold nanoparticles dual labels and lateral flow strip biosensor (LFSB) were used in this system.The biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was marked to the NC membrane as the alleged strip and the anti-digoxin antibody was labeled to the NC membrane to capture the digoxin probe.After assemblying gold-labeled strip and detecting RT-PCR products, the detection limit of NALFIA was 0.3×10^-3 to 3×10^-3 μg/μL.The NALFIA was compared with agar gel electrophoresis analysis, the results showed that the sensitivity of NALFIA was higher than agar gel electrophoresis.There was an excellent agreement between the two methods.NALFIA was a method with high sensitive, low cost and short time.In conclusion, this method provided a good alternative to detect FMDV.     

镉对水生动物生物大分子的影响及机理

镉广泛分布于饲料、食物、山、地和水中,是重金属的典型代表,可致毒、致畸、致癌等。水中镉不易被降解,却极易被水生动物富集,并通过食物链危害其他动物及人,因而引起了特别关注。本文主要综述镉对水生动物核酸、蛋白质、脂质和糖原等生物大分子的影响及机理。为学习、理解和进一步深入研究镉对水生动物生物大分子的影响及其机制,服务于更好地控制镉污染,保护水生动物和生态环境,发展可持续的健康生态水产养殖业。     

钒钼酸铵显色定磷法检测核酸含量

核酸是生物遗传信息的贮存库，它是一类重要的生物大分子，具有调节生物体内能量代谢、促进蛋白质（酶）的合成，参与遗传信息编码、传递细胞信号等重要的生理和生化功能，从整体上讲可提高生理代谢水平，具有明显的保健功能（刘洁生等，2002）。目前一些公司生产的系列核酸产品作为一种半必需营养物质，已应用到食品、医药和饲料等多个领域，为确保产品质量符合标准要求，准确测出产品中核酸含量至关重要。     

卡介菌多糖核酸联合地氯雷他定治疗慢性荨麻疹并发过敏性鼻炎疗效观察

目的观察卡介菌多糖核酸肌肉注射联合地氯雷他定内服治疗慢性荨麻疹并发过敏性鼻炎的疗效。方法治疗组口服地氯雷他定5mg,一日一次,每早8时口服,连服6周,同时肌肉注射卡介菌多糖核酸注射液0.35mg,隔日一次,连续12周为一个疗程。对照组口服地氯雷他定5mg,一日一次,每早8时口服,连服6周。结果治疗组有效率82.5%,对照组有效率60.0%。结论卡介菌多糖核酸肌肉注射联合地氯雷他定内服治疗慢性荨麻疹并发过敏性鼻炎安全有效。     

一株乳源松鼠葡萄球菌ExhC基因的克隆及序列分析

松鼠葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus sciuri,S.sciuri)是引起奶牛乳房炎(Cow Mastitis)的病原菌之一,其主要致病因子是该菌产生的脱皮毒素C(Exfoliative Toxin C,ExhC)。为了深入了解该基因的分子特征,本试验对从乳房炎患牛牛乳中分离的一株松鼠葡萄球菌ExhC基因(Genbank登录号:MT845354)进行了克隆及序列分析。按GenBank收录的ExhC基因设计并合成引物,利用PCR对ExhC基因进行扩增,并对扩增后的ExhC基因进行测序及分析。结果表明,松鼠葡萄球菌ExhC基因的开放阅读框序列长度为837bp,共编码278个氨基酸。通过Blast模块对ExhC基因进行同源性分析,得到5株相似序列,与ExhC基因序列相比同源性均为99.04%。系统进化树图指示该基因与其余五株相似序列属于不同的分支,遗传距离较远。利用TMHMM对松鼠葡萄球菌ExhC基因837bp序列跨膜区进行预测,结果显示ExhC蛋白的第1~277位氨基酸在细胞膜外,5~25位氨基酸所在位置为跨膜区。通过ExhC氨基酸序列分析和ExhC蛋白二级结构、三级结构预测,推断第97位氨基酸插入Asn以及其他位点氨基酸的突变可能会导致松鼠葡萄球菌功能区变化和毒株毒力的相对变化,这将给松鼠葡萄球菌致病机理的研究奠定基础。     

猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、猪伪狂犬病、圆环病毒病等主要疫病的调查分析

为了解广西贺州市猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪伪狂犬病毒（PRV）以及猪圆环病毒（PCV）等病毒性传染病的流行情况,2018—2019年在该市无害化处理场进行采样监测,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法进行病毒核酸检测,分别对猪圆环病毒1型、2型、3型进行检测。结果表明,在检测的病毒核酸中,猪圆环病毒核酸阳性率最高,为58.52%。其中,又以猪圆环病毒2型病毒核酸阳性率最高,达53.98%。此外,样品中同时检出猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒和猪圆环病毒混合感染的阳性率最高达14.20%。猪圆环病毒不同基因型的混合感染中,2型、3型混合感染的感染率最高,为4.26%。说明该市存在CSFV、PRRSV、PRV、PCV 4种病毒的散发性流行及混合感染,应加以重视。     

部分地区猪细环病毒1型感染的流行情况调查

猪细环病毒1型是近年来发现的又一种环状DNA病毒,可能存在潜在致病作用。为了初步了解其流行情况,用PCR技术和ELISA技术对来自京津冀、华东与华南地区578头保育猪血清样品进行了检测。结果显示,猪细环病毒1型的核酸与抗体的猪场阳性率均为100%;核酸阳性率为73.88%,抗体阳性率为78.72%,二者之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。进一步分析发现,猪细环病毒1型的核酸阳性率和抗体阳性率都超过50%的猪场达到86.67%,都超过80%的占53.33%。调查结果表明,猪细环病毒1型感染在我国部分地区普遍流行,其在多数猪场的感染率很高。     

Establishment of a Duplex Real-time RT-PCR Assay for the Differential Detection of Nipha Virus and Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

To establish a rapid,sensitive and specific assay for the differential detection of Nipah virus (NiV) and highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV),a duplex Real-time RT-PCR was developed with specific primers and probes targeting to the special sequences of NiV M gene and HP-PRRSV nsp2 gene by optimization of reaction conditions.The performance of the assay was linear ranging from 4.6×10¹ to 4.6×10⁷ copies/μL for RNA standard control of NiV M (NiV-M-RNA) and from 4.1×10¹ to 4.1×10⁸ copies/μL for RNA standard control of HP-PRRSV nsp2 (HP-PRRSV-nsp2-RNA),and detection limits of the assay was 46 copies for the NiV-M-RNA and 4.1 copies for the HP-PRRSV-nsp2-RNA,respectively.The coefficients of variation (CVs) of both inter-assay and intra-assay repeatability were less than 2.0%,showing good repeatability.The assay was able to specifically detect NiV and HP-PRRSV simultaneously without cross-reaction with classical swine fever virus (CSFV),porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV),swine influenza virus (SIV),porcine parvovirus (PPV),pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2).Of the 236 samples from pigs for both NiV and HP-PRRSV detection by the established assay,all the samples were negative for NiV,8 samples were HP-PRRSV positive.In conclusion,this assay offers a useful approach for the differential detection of NiV and HP-PRRSV in clinical specimens from the pigs.