不同温度下TMV侵染枯斑三生烟的LncRNA差异表达

【目的】 筛选不同温度下烟草花叶病毒（Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV）侵染后枯斑三生烟（Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun NN）差异表达的长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA,lncRNA）,研究lncRNA在枯斑三生烟抗性反应中的作用。【方法】 N基因的温度敏感性使枯斑三生烟在25℃时具备对TMV的抗性、在31℃抗性丧失,在这两个温度条件下对枯斑三生烟接种TMV和磷酸盐缓冲盐水（phosphate buffered saline,PBS）,48 h后提取系统叶总RNA,构建链特异性文库后进行深度测序。对测序结果进行过滤后利用HTSeq将有效数据与近缘品种TN90（N. tabacum var. TN90）基因组比对,筛选得到lncRNA后利用FPKM法估计lncRNA的表达水平。通过edgeR筛选差异表达lncRNA（differentially expressed lncRNA,DElncRNA）,并利用qRT-PCR技术对这一结果进行验证。通过共定位及共表达分析预测DElncRNA的靶基因,通过参考基因组注释、GO和KEGG富集分析研究靶基因的功能。【结果】 4个处理共12个样本经lncRNA-seq各测得约8 000万条clean reads,共获得4 737条已知lncRNA、40 169条新lncRNA。其中64个lncRNA在不同温度条件下TMV侵染后存在差异表达,qRT-PCR测定结果显示这些lncRNA的测序正确率在80%左右,表明本研究所得测序数据具备较高的可信度。对DElncRNA进行靶基因预测,发现一些基因同时被25℃下调和31℃上调的DElncRNA靶向。靶基因注释功能丰富,主要参与植物抗病、激素和代谢等生理过程。部分可能与激素通路相关的lncRNA,在25℃下TMV侵染时呈现下调趋势,而在31℃下TMV侵染则呈现上调趋势。GO富集分析显示靶基因主要参与构成膜、囊泡等组分,具备钙、钾离子通道抑制剂活性等分子功能,使相应离子得以转运引发随后的反应,同时也参与发病、抗原加工和呈现、细胞分裂素代谢等生理过程。KEGG分析发现靶基因显著富集在植物激素信号转导通路,25℃下调和31℃上调的DElncRNA靶基因同时富集在激素信号传导、ABC运输蛋白、苯丙烷类生物合成等通路。【结论】 不同温度（25℃和31℃）条件下TMV侵染枯斑三生烟后,长链非编码RNA差异表达,DElncRNA通过作用于激素信号传导、物质转运等过程参与寄主系统获得性抗性反应。研究结果可为揭示植物系统获得性抗性中lncRNA的调控功能以及新型抗病毒技术开发提供依据。     

漠大原油管道SCADA通讯中断原因及应对措施

漠大原油管道SCADA控制系统通讯中断频繁,严重威胁管道的安全运行。基于漠大原油管道通讯中断数据,统计分析了通讯中断时长、通讯中断类型的比例分布特性,结果表明,时长2～12 h的通讯中断频次最高,占总中断次数的44.3%。探讨了漠大原油管道通讯中断原因,其中天气因素与设备故障是导致通讯中断的主要因素,共导致了74.4%的通讯中断时长。为了降低通讯中断频次,结合漠大原油管道的运营现状,提出了4项管理措施：加强天气监控及现场作业管理,做好应急预案;完善管道保护程序;积极开展维护修复工作;加快推进加格达奇以南光缆割接与测试工作。     

大白菜花青素含量及色差指标相关性研究

为了探寻大白菜花青素含量快速测定的方法,本文利用pH差计法和色差仪分别测定了‘城阳青’(普通大白菜)、‘秋宝黄’(黄心白菜)和‘彩凤’3个不同叶色大白菜品种花青素含量以及色差指标,并对6个色泽参数与花青素含量进行了相关和回归分析。结果表明:6个色泽参数均能反映白菜叶片间叶色的细微变化,‘城阳青’和‘秋宝黄’不含花青素,紫色白菜‘彩凤’的花青素主要分布于由外向内的第1～4层叶片。色泽参数L,b,h和C分别与花青素含量呈极显著或显著负相关关系(相关系数分别为-0.85**,-0.58**,-0.49*,-0.58**)。以色泽参数值L、a、h与花青素含量建立了多元回归方程:y=90.24-1.07x1+5.65x2-142.71x3(x1为L值,x2为a值,x3为h值,y为花青素含量),该回归方程相关系数为0.9629。通过色差计依据建立的回归方程可快速测定紫色大白菜花青素的含量。     

Structural,rheological and gelatinization properties of wheat starch granules separated from different noodle-making process

In this study, three typical wheat cultivars (ZM366, AK58, and ZM103) with high, medium, and low gluten strength, respectively, were selected as the raw material. The starch granules separated from different stages of the noodle-making process, including kneading, resting, sheeting, cutting, and drying, were used to explore the structure, dynamic rheology, and quality of the noodles. The D50 (median diameter) of the starch granules decreased during the noodle-making process, and the reduction was enhanced by an increase in the gluten strength of the flour. Between steps 4 and 5 of the noodle-making process, the solubility of ZM103 variety increased from 4.3% to 5.0% at 80 °C, while the peak viscosity decreased from 3626 to 3386 mPa s, which resulted in a decrease in the cooking loss of noodles. Similar trend was observed in the ZM366 and AK58 varieties. The gelatinization enthalpy was reduced, suggesting that the crystalline regions of the starch granules were destroyed during the kneading process. Between steps 4 and 5 of the noodle-making process, the elastic modulus of the starch granules significantly increased, while the temperature at which maximum elastic modulus was decreased, indicating an increase in the crystalline stability of starch during the drying process. Correlation analysis indicated that the changes occurred to the gelatinization property was primarily due to the change in the particle size.     

蜜腺发达Ogura晚抽薹不结球白菜雄性不育系的鉴定

本试验以Ogura晚抽薹不结球白菜薹ms等为材料,通过观察和比较熊蜂对不同白菜品种访花次数和访花滞留时间的差异,选择出能吸引熊蜂访花且访花滞留时间长的Ogura薹ms植株。对选择出植株的蜜腺大小和开花结实特性进行了进一步鉴定,结果表明选出的薹ms株蜜腺发达,开花结实正常,为选育优良晚抽薹胞质不结球白菜雄性不育系奠定了基础。     

生殖细胞早期发生与减数分裂启动调节机制的研究进展

卵巢性生殖疾病发生的主要原因之一是卵子发生过程中减数分裂发生或染色体分离异常。为了更好地进行这些生殖疾病的诊断和治疗,需要充分地了解个体发育的生物学过程中及关键时间点。鉴于此,本文主要阐述了哺乳动物生殖细胞早期发生和减数分裂启动的生理过程,介绍生殖细胞的出现、迁移、性别分化和减数分裂的整个过程。深入了解卵母细胞发生过程将为利用体外发育来源的卵母细胞治疗卵巢性生殖疾病,克服女性不孕、卵巢早衰等重大疾病提供一定的理论支持。     

Prospects of obtaining carrageenase from Polar microorganisms

The author summarized the physiological activity of carrageenan,——antioxidant,antiviral and anti coagulation.The article compared and analysed three methods of decomposing carrageenan to carrageenan oligosaccharides.And it emphatically pointed out that biological enzyme method is better than chemical method and physical method on degradation of carrageenan and its good application prospect.?In addition,the article clarified the possibility of obtaining new carrageenase from Polar microorganisms from the special biological environment,the microorganisms’special physical and chemical characteristics and so on.In order to provide reference for the search of the industrial production of carrageenan oligosaccharides by enzymatic degradation.     

茶园种植紫花苜蓿对节肢动物群落结构的影响

在崂山茶区采用网捕法和植株拍打法研究了种草和清耕茶园节肢动物数量的变化规律。结果表明,种植紫花苜蓿的第2年,节肢动物数量增加明显,种群结构趋于稳定。共调查到节肢动物12目,44科,81种,类群最大的为蜘蛛目,有27种,其次是同翅目,有12种,鞘翅目有10种,膜翅目有9种,其他23种。种草园与清耕园相比,节肢动物种类增加18.0%～19.0%,害虫数量平均减少75.6%,天敌种类增加10.3%～17.1%,个体数增加64.0%～77.1%,节肢动物数量在一年中的变化幅度平缓。茶园使用化学农药,是影响节肢动物数量的主要因素。在种植紫花苜蓿的茶园,不使用任何化学农药也不致造成害虫危害。