君子兰未成熟胚四倍体诱导及染色体数鉴定

 以君子兰（Clivia miniata Regel.）品种‘胜利’为试材,采用一种新型外植体未成熟胚,利用秋水仙素与组织培养相结合的方法,研究秋水仙素浓度、处理时间和不同胚龄对未成熟胚诱导加倍的影响。结果表明：在MS + NAA 2.0 mg · L-1 + BA 1.5 mg · L-1培养基上,0.01%秋水仙素处理180 d胚龄的未成熟胚20 d诱变效果最佳,四倍体诱变率最高,达30.8%,形态变化率达36.5%,死亡率为34.1%。经0.03%秋水仙素处理120 d胚龄的未成熟胚30 d诱变效果也较好,四倍体诱变率较高,达24.0%,形态变化率达21.1%,死亡率为46.7%。经染色体数观察,加倍处理后代中存在2x、4x和混倍体植株。随机调查了267株加倍处理植株,得到30株四倍体（2n = 4x = 44）、194株二倍体（2n = 2x = 22）和43株混倍体,平均四倍体诱变率为11.2%。秋水仙素处理出现的植株生长缓慢,生根明显较晚,叶片变宽变短等形态变化可以作为加倍的初期有效判断指标。     

大葱部分种质资源数量性状的聚类分析

用系统聚类法,对34份大葱种质资源的12个农艺性状进行聚类分析,研究其遗传亲缘关系,合理利用品种资源。结果表明:34份材料遗传距离变异范围在0.504～7.903之间,以遗传距离5.817来划分,可将34份材料分为3类。     

非洲菊组织培养研究进展

从基因型、外植体类型、基本培养基类型、Thidiazuron(TDZ)的高效利用、附加物的添加等方面对非洲菊组织培养的最新进展进行了综述.     

The effects of trees on air pollutant levels in peri-urban near-road environments

It is often stated that plants remove air pollutants from the urban atmosphere with their large leaf area, thus providing benefits − i.e. ecosystem services − for citizens. However, empirical evidence showing that local-scale air quality is uniformly improved by urban forests is scarce. We studied the influence of conifer-dominated peri-urban forests on the springtime levels of NO₂ and particle pollution at different distances from roads, using passive samplers and high time resolution particle counters in a northern climate in Finland. Passive samplers provided average values over a one month period, while active particle counters provided real time measurements of air pollution to mimic human inhalation frequency. NO₂ concentrations were slightly higher in forests than in adjacent open areas, while passive particle measurements showed the opposite trend. Active particle monitoring campaigns showed no systematic forest effect for PM2.5, but larger particles were reduced in the forest, corroborating the passive sampling result.Attenuation rates of the mean values of the studied pollutants did not differ between the forest and open habitats. However, high time resolution particle data revealed a distance effect that was apparent only in the forest transect: peak events at the forest edge were higher, while peaks furthest from the road were lower compared to the open transect. Furthermore, the magnitude of PM2.5 peak events was distinctly higher at forest edge than equivalent distance in the open area.Vegetation characteristics, such as canopy cover and tree density, did not explain differences in pollutant levels in majority of cases. Our results imply that evergreen-dominated forests near roads can slightly worsen local air quality regarding NO₂ and PM2.5 in northern climates, but that coarser particle pollution can be reduced by such forest vegetation. It seems that the potential of roadside vegetation to mitigate air pollution is largely determined by the vegetation effects on airflow.     

早熟辣椒新品种丹椒2号的选育

丹椒 2号系以华椒 1号与世界冠军的杂交后代经多代单株自交筛选出的高代自交系CP1为母本 ,以引进试材 72 81经多代自交定向选择的优良自交系CP2 为父本配制而成的一代杂种。该品种熟性早 ,生育期 10 0d(天 )左右 ;产量高 ,每 6 6 7m2 前期产量 12 0 0kg左右 ,总产量 4 10 0kg左右 ;抗TMV ,中抗CMV ,抗疫病 ,适宜春季保护地早熟等多种栽培形式 ;果实灯笼形 ,色深绿 ,肉厚 ,微辣 ,口感佳 ,商品性好。已在辽宁、吉林、赤峰、新疆等地种植 ,面积达 14 0 0hm2 。     

肉桂酸和香草醛对嫁接茄子生理指标的影响研究

以茄子嫁接苗和自根苗为试材,研究肉桂酸和草酸对嫁接茄子生理指标的影响。结果表明:经0~0.1 mmol/L或0~0.5 mmol/L的肉桂酸和香草醛处理的盆栽茄子植株中叶绿素、丙二醛含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性升高,电导率降低;0.5~4 mmol/L浓度处理的结果相反。嫁接茄子植株各指标都优于自根茄。     

60Co-γ射线与ARTP复合诱变选育蛹虫草高产菌株

以实验室保存的蛹虫草菌株("BY2")为出发菌株,采用^60Co-γ射线与ARTP复合诱变方法对其进行处理,经过初筛、复筛及稳定性试验,研究了诱变菌株的菌落特征及子实体产量,以期获得蛹虫草高产菌种。结果表明:经复合诱变处理,筛选出3株高产突变株,其子实体产量与出发菌株相比提高率分别为32.27%、36.00%和33.87%。通过突变菌株的遗传稳定性及工厂化生产测试,BY2-1122菌株是传代稳定性较好的菌株,其子实体产量明显高于现行生产菌株,增幅达17.3%。研究表明,利用^60Co-γ射线与ARTP复合诱变选育蛹虫草,可以获得高产子实体菌株。     

番茄抗病基因Ty-1的CAPS标记及检测

为了获得番茄抗病基因Ty-1的分子标记,利用特异引物对3份抗病纯合材料（基因型Ty-1/Ty-1）和3份感病纯合材料（基因型ty-1/ty-1）进行PCR扩增,抗病、感病材料均产生400 bp的PCR扩增片段,感病和杂合抗病材料的酶切产物存在RsaⅠ酶切位点,酶切后分别产生了350、50 bp以及400、350、50 bp的片段,而抗病纯合材料的扩增产物无此酶切位点,酶切后仍为400 bp的片段。该标记能够区分抗病材料、感病材料及杂合抗病材料,是与番茄黄化曲叶病毒病抗病基因Ty-1紧密连锁的共显性标记。利用该标记对33份番茄F1进行检测,有20份材料含有抗病基因Ty-1,13份材料不含抗病基因Ty-1。利用该标记对国内的24份番茄自交系进行检测,24份材料均不含抗病基因Ty-1。经反复验证,结果准确可靠,该标记可以用于对番茄抗病基因Ty-1的筛选鉴定。     

乙烯利诱导雄全同株甜瓜形成雌花

以2份性型为雄花两性花同株(雄全同株)的薄皮甜瓜116和厚皮甜瓜A-2-3为试材,采取苗期喷施不同浓度乙烯利方法,研究其对性型的影响。结果表明,甜瓜幼苗4叶期喷施乙烯利100～200μL.L-12次能够稳定诱导开花初期两性花转化为雌花,果实成熟后单果种子数和种子发芽率与对照相差不大。     

分蘖洋葱新品种珠葱1号的选育

分蘖洋葱新品种珠葱1号是以雄性不育系MB01-79A为母本,自交系WMF01-06C为父本杂交育成的一代杂种。较耐低温,适于中、短日照条件下生长,生育期130～140d(天),与当地农家品种相比,其褪绿期延后达10d(天)左右;田间烂葱率低;皮紫红色,质地较硬,收口性好;单株分蘖数2～4个、单个鳞茎平均直径3.5cm、高3.8cm、质量15g;平均每667m2产量为2400kg左右,适宜在黑龙江、吉林和内蒙古等地栽培。