苹果叶片总蛋白提取及其双向电泳分析

蛋白质提取方法和电泳条件的建立是蛋白质组学研究中双向电泳分析的关键。通过比较不同提取方法,包括酚/SDS抽提、TCA-丙酮沉淀法、甲醇/醋酸铵沉淀法以及改良HB-酚抽提方法。此外,还优化了样品上样量、等电聚焦程序设置等条件。从所得2-D图谱分离效果来看,改良HB-酚抽提方法所得蛋白点数最多,2-D图谱背景清晰、分离效果好,明显优于其他3种方法。300μg上样量可作为苹果叶片总蛋白2-DE分析的理想的上样量,同时优化了等电聚焦程序,最终得到的2-D图谱分离效果较为理想。该研究的开展也为苹果叶片蛋白质组学后续研究奠定了基础。     

苹果水心病的发病机理研究进展

苹果水心病是果实生理性内部失调现象,主要症状为果肉组织细胞间隙充满液体,呈透明状或水渍状,甜度增加,多发生在心室周围的维管束附近及梗洼处。以苹果果实中的山梨醇为关注点,通过分析果实中山梨醇的来源、运输途径、代谢路径等研究结果,总结苹果水心病产生及消失机理,讨论影响苹果水心病发生的因素,以期为苹果水心病的认知提供参考。     

自然农法条件下稻田有益微生物菌群多年施用累积效果

在自然农法条件下,对稻田连续9年施用有益微生物群（EM） 的累积栽培效果进行了研究。连续施用EM 使土壤的养分状况发生了明显的改变,使水稻抽穗期推迟,花期延长,叶色加深。 EM 的应用还能有效地改善产量结构、提高产量,而且应用年限越长,效果越明显,并且有助于改善稻米品质、减少稻米中钾和镁的含量、增加直链淀粉含量和食味评价值,口感较好。EM 的应用在一定程度上可以抑制杂草的发生和生长     

长白山枯落物碳分解动态研究

在长白山地区选取典型植物红松、蒙古栎等枯落物进行室内培养试验,对比各种枯落物冻融处理CO2排放速率和对照处理CO2排放速率,并对培养结束后残留枯落物营养元素含量进行了测定。结果表明:冻融处理下CO2排放速率低于对照处理下CO2排放速率,不同枯落物的冻融处理和对照处理CO2排放速率整体都显示出随着培养时间增加呈下降的趋势,而且冻融处理下不同枯落物种类在培养期间CO2排放速率波动趋势表现出较大差异。冻融处理下的残留枯落物有机碳含量大于对照处理下的残留枯落物有机碳含量。     

梨矮化砧木新品种‘中矮3 号’

 梨矮化砧木‘中矮3号’是从‘锦香’梨实生后代中选育出的。树体矮化紧凑,株高相当于乔化型‘早酥’梨的54%。繁殖系数高。作为梨矮化砧木与基砧和嫁接品种亲和性好,促进嫁接树矮化,早果,早期丰产,果实品质优。抗梨枝干轮纹病和枝干腐烂病,病情指数分别为15和27。适宜在白梨、砂梨、西洋梨及部分秋子梨栽培区域作中间砧应用。     

Combining the preferences of residents for neighborhood green spaces and conservation of avian diversity: Case study from Beijing

Cities in China support higher human population densities compared to those in western countries; consequently, the high pressure placed on cultural ecosystem services (CES) provision of residential green spaces might hinder overall human wellbeing and the maintenance of avian diversity. Thus, this study aimed to identify how to meet the main preferences of citizens for residential green spaces while simultaneously enhancing bird diversity in city neighborhoods, generating a win-win scenario for human needs and biodiversity. This study was implemented using 568 questionnaires for residents and GLMM for bird-environment statistical analyses. Residents in Beijing preferred higher levels of bird species richness than individual abundance in neighborhoods. Residential green space appeared to serve as the movement corridor for some rare species, indicating the importance of promoting the presence of migrant bird guilds, which is currently incidental. The cultivation of fruit-bearing shrubby plants was supported by most city residents, and would also promote the presence of migratory birds in green spaces. In contrast, while increasing the width of residential green spaces would benefit migratory birds, it had less public support. This multi-disciplinary study clearly demonstrated that both the quality of life of humans in cities and biodiversity conservation could be efficiently incorporated in green space plans, even under highly urbanized circumstances.     

番茄新品种‘辽粉2号’

番茄新品种‘辽粉2号’为无限生长类型一代杂种。生长势强,抗黄化曲叶病毒病、烟草花叶病毒病、叶霉病、根结线虫病等。果实扁圆形,粉红色,有绿肩,平均单果质量142 g。可溶性固形物含量4.7%。产量高,留3穗果平均产量可达109.1 t·hm~(-2)。果实口感好,硬度中等,耐贮运性好。     

梨新品种——早金香的选育

早金香是从矮香与三季梨的杂交后代中选育出的梨新品种.果实粗颈葫芦形,平均单果质量237.0 g,果皮黄绿色,肉质细、软,石细胞少,汁多味甜,有淡香,可溶性固形物含量13.2%,果心小,品质上等.早果,丰产,抗性强.在辽宁兴城地区8月上中旬成熟.适于露地和设施栽培.     

美国红枫SRAP反应体系优化

以美国红枫基因组DNA为模板,采取L16(45)正交实验设计,对影响扩增反应的5个主要因素进行优化。结果表明:在20μL反应体系中,各因素的最佳配比为Mg2+浓度1.5mmol/L,dNTPs浓度2.5mmol/L,引物浓度1.5μmol/L,模板DNA用量50ng,Taq DNA聚合酶用量0.5U。该体系的建立为SRAP技术在美国红枫分子辅助育种实践中提供了技术基础。     

Relative susceptibility of different male-sterile cytoplasms in sorghum to shoot fly, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Atherigona soccata</Emphasis>

Summary The shoot fly, Atherigona soccata is an important pest of sorghum, and host plant resistance is one of the most effective components for managing this pest. Most of the hybrids grown in India based on milo cytoplasm (A₁ cytoplasm) are highly susceptible to shoot fly. Therefore, the present studies were undertaken to evaluate different male-sterile cytoplasms (CMS) for their relative susceptibility to sorghum shoot fly. Oviposition and deadheart formation were significantly lower on the maintainer lines as compared to the corresponding male-sterile lines. Among the cytoplasms tested, A₄M cytoplasm showed antixenosis for oviposition and suffered lower deadheart formation than the other cytoplasms tested. The A₄G₁ and A₄M cytoplasms suffered lower deadhearts in tillers than the other cytoplasms. Recovery following shoot fly damage in A₄M, A₃, and A₂ cytoplasms was better than in the other cytoplasms tested. The larval and pupal periods were longer and male and female pupal weights lower in A₄M and A₄VzM CMS backgrounds compared to the other CMS systems. Fecundity and antibiosis indices on CMS lines were lower than on the B-lines. The A₄M cytoplasm was found to be relatively resistant to sorghum shoot fly, and can be exploited for developing shoot fly-resistant hybrids for sustainable crop production in future.