尿素氮形态转化对腐殖酸的响应

通过模拟试验研究了不同用量腐殖酸对土壤中尿素氮形态转化的影响。结果表明,腐殖酸对尿素态氮形态转化的影响受其施用量的制约。与对照相比,低浓度腐殖酸(<15gkg-1)对尿素水解及以后的氮转化过程抑制作用较小,有时甚至促进了尿素水解;高浓度腐殖酸(15gkg-1和20gkg-1)则能明显的抑制尿素水解,延长尿素态氮在土壤中的停留时间,增加铵态氮含量,减少硝态氮的生成及氮素损失量,大大提高尿素利用效率。由此可见,腐殖酸不仅是一种脲酶抑制剂,还是一种硝化抑制剂。     

玉米大斑病菌St3HNR基因真核表达载体构建及表达分析

本研究在克隆获得玉米大斑病菌1,3,8-三羟基萘还原酶基因(St3HNR)的基础上,拟对该基因编码产物进行异源表达分析,明确基因功能.试验利用毕赤酵母真核表达系统,构建了玉米大斑病菌St3HNR基因的真核表达载体pPIC9K-St3HNR,采用电击转化法将重组质粒转入表达宿主菌GS115中得到了重组酵母菌株,经甲醇诱导...     

不同秸秆还田方式对北方超级稻氮素吸收利用的影响

以北方超级稻沈农265为试验材料,研究了秸秆直接还田和秸秆热解成生物炭施入对水稻氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:与常规生产相比,秸秆直接还田主要提高了水稻生育中期的叶、茎含氮量,但同时降低了后期穗氮素累积量,氮素回收率、生理利用率和氮肥农学利用率分别下降5.28%、11.65%和16.19%,使产量有降低趋势;少量秸秆生物炭施入有助于提高生育中后期叶、茎含氮量并促进穗氮素累积量增加,氮素回收率和氮肥农学利用率分别增加6.02%和7.71%,有增加产量的潜力;大量秸秆生物炭施入降低了叶、茎和穗含氮量,氮素回收率负向效应强度高达34.31%,但氮素生理利用率增加45.62%,不利于产量的提高。秸秆直接还田和大量秸秆生物炭施入对水稻氮素吸收有一定抑制作用且不利于产量的提升,少量秸秆生物炭施入则能提高水稻氮素利用率并增加产量。     

外源施加多胺对提高玉米种子耐冷性的研究

以玉米耐冷自交系辽2386和冷敏感自交系辽6082为材料,研究了以外源施加精胺(Spm)和亚精胺(Spd)作为引发剂,对玉米种子吸胀中的耐冷性、发芽能力和苗期生物量的影响,探讨利用外源多胺缓解玉米低温胁迫的相关机制。结果表明,种子经Spd和Spm引发低温(5℃)吸胀后,辽6082发芽率为93%,和引发前相比显著提高了12%,且苗高显著提高了44.62%,苗鲜重显著增加了26.76%。同时,Spd和Spm引发提高了低温胁迫期间两自交系胚中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,降低了丙二醛(MDA)的含量。自交系辽2386在种子吸胀期间的耐冷性强于辽6082,而不同自交系、不同器官对多胺敏感性不同。总之,Spd和Spm处理能提高玉米种子吸胀期间的耐冷性,提高低温胁迫下种子的抗氧化能力和发芽能力。     

不同磷水平对“锦丰”梨光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以"锦丰"梨为试材,采用水培试验方法,研究了不同磷浓度(0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 mmol·L^-1)对其叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响,以期为梨树的合理施肥提供参考依据。结果表明:光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)、初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)、叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)和类胡萝卜素(Car)均随磷浓度的升高呈先增加后降低的趋势,至1.5 mmol·L^-1处达到最大值,比缺磷处理(0 mmol·L^-1)分别提高78.0%、31.3%、37.2%、9.04%、9.49%、9.57%、42.7%、60.9%和37.8%,表明此供磷水平下,"锦丰"梨叶片光合性能最强。由此可见,在该试验条件下,栽培梨树的最佳磷浓度为1.5 mmo·L^-1。     

人工补光对设施园艺作物生长发育影响的研究进展

人工补光对调节园艺作物的生长发育、提高产量和改善产品品质等具有重要的实践意义。该研究从人工补光光源的类型及特点,以及光照强度、光质、补光时长、补光时期、补光方式、光源位置等方面对设施园艺作物生长发育的影响进行了详细阐述,并指出了人工补光未来研究的重点方向,以期为今后设施园艺植物的人工补光研究提供参考依据。     

葡萄叶片衰老过程中不同光质对其光合和叶绿体超微结构的影响

以栽植于日光温室中适宜延迟栽培的‘贝达’砧‘意大利’葡萄为试材,自2013年8月1日始至落叶(2014年1月31日)止每天分别进行红光和蓝光不同光质延长光照至24:00补光处理,以不补光作为对照,研究不同光质补光处理对葡萄叶片衰老过程中叶片的外观形态特征、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、F_v/F_m、可溶性蛋白质含量和叶绿体超微结构的影响,为叶片抗衰老技术的研发提供理论依据。研究结果表明:补充红光显著提高了叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、F_v/F_m值和可溶性蛋白质含量,叶绿体基粒片层排列整齐有序,明显减缓了叶绿体超微结构的解体,显著延缓叶片衰老;补充蓝光处理前期显著降低了叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、F_v/F_m值和可溶性蛋白质含量,破坏了叶绿体的超微结构,加速了植株的衰老进程;但在叶片衰老后期,叶绿素含量、净光合速率、F_v/F_m值和可溶性蛋白质含量逐渐高于对照,并且叶绿体的基粒片层比对照排列整齐有序,在一定程度上延缓了叶片衰老。补充蓝光处理的叶片可溶性蛋白质含量一直显著高于补充红光和对照。综上,补充红光处理有效延缓了叶片衰老进程,延长了叶片的生理功能期。     

Micro-scale heterogeneity in urban forest soils affects fine root foraging by ornamental seedlings of Buddhist pine and Northeast yew

Urban soils are frequently characterized by a strong heterogeneity caused by intense anthropogenic activity and land use changes. Soil heterogeneity is commonly known to affect tree root development, but little has been detected concerning root foraging by ornamental trees in heterogeneous urban soils at micro-scale. In this study, Buddhist pine [Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) D. Don] and Northeast yew (Taxus cuspidata S. et Z.) were selected as ornamental tree species for a two-year study. In the first-year, seedlings were cultured under contrasting photoperiods to generate different morphologies. In the second year, seedlings were transplanted to pots filled with soils collected from an urban forest. Controlled-release fertilizers (N-P₂O₅-K₂O, 14-13-13) were evenly broadcasted to a half patch of the pot (heterogeneity) or to both halves (homogeneity) on the surface 5 cm beneath the pot-top at the rate of 0.135 g N seedling⁻¹. In the fertilized heterogeneous patch, larger Buddhist pine seedlings had greater dry weight, length, surface area, volume, number of tips, and morphological foraging-precision in fine roots. Compared to Northeast yew seedlings under natural photoperiod in the first year, those under the extended photoperiod had larger size, greater fine root biomass, and length but lower foraging-precision in the second year. N and P concentrations in second-year fine roots mainly increased with the availability of patches generated by fertilization for both species. In conclusion, the ability to forage for nutrients by ornamental tree seedlings in heterogeneous urban forest soils was species-specific. Buddhist pine seedlings had higher foraging precision in heterogeneous urban soils than Northeast yew seedlings due to their response to the extended photoperiod during culture.     

番茄新品种‘辽粉2号’

番茄新品种‘辽粉2号’为无限生长类型一代杂种。生长势强,抗黄化曲叶病毒病、烟草花叶病毒病、叶霉病、根结线虫病等。果实扁圆形,粉红色,有绿肩,平均单果质量142 g。可溶性固形物含量4.7%。产量高,留3穗果平均产量可达109.1 t·hm~(-2)。果实口感好,硬度中等,耐贮运性好。     

Agronomic traits of soybean cultivars released in different decades after grafting record‐yield cultivar as rootstock

Breeders have seldom considered the selection for root traits during the genetic improvement in soybean. It is hypothesized that grain yield would be increased by the root function improvement, especially for the current cultivars. The objective of this grafting experiment was to determine the effect of record‐yield cultivars L14 or Z35 as rootstocks on agronomic traits of cultivars released in different decades. A total of 11 cultivars, released in different decades, were used to graft onto L14 or Z35 rootstocks. The agronomic traits were measured in the pot‐culture experiments. Grafting cultivars released in different decades onto L14 or Z35 rootstocks resulted in higher yield, 100‐seed mass and apparent harvest index as compared with those of non‐grafted or self‐grafted plants. Grain yield gain of cultivars grafted onto record‐yield cultivar rootstocks was 0.40 g/plant/year from 1966 to 2006, which was larger than that of non‐grafts and self‐grafts (0.27 g/plant/year). The yield of current cultivars should increase more if their root functions were improved.