30年来辽宁省玉米增产因素贡献分析

对30年来辽宁省玉米生产状况资料进行收集和整理,从品种改良、栽培管理和科学技术等角度深入解析辽宁省玉米产量提高的主要原因、技术特征和增产机理,明确了辽宁省玉米产量提高的主要推动力(增加动力是什么)及限制因素(增加限制因素),为今后辽宁省玉米产量提高和产业化生产提供科学合理的参考。     

辽宁常用玉米品种对大斑病的抗性鉴定

2012~2013年,应用田间人工接种的方法对目前辽宁省玉米生产中应用的55份玉米品种进行抗大斑病[Exserohilum turcicum(Pass.)Leonard et Suggs]鉴定与评价,筛选出对大斑病表现1级高抗(HR)的品种4份、3级抗病(R)的品种9份和5级中抗的品种16份。试验结果表明:辽宁省玉米生产上应用的玉米品种中,表现为中等抗病或感病品种占大多数,表现高抗的玉米品种较少。     

基于无线传感网络的海参苗养殖环境监测系统的研究

本文通过分析海参苗养殖现状,设计了一种基于无线传感网络的海参苗养殖环境监测系统。通过在监测区域部署传感器节点,监测养殖池中的的温度、盐度、溶解氧及水位等环境参数。将检测到的数据无线发射到远程监测软件,监测软件将分析结果反馈给末端执行机构,实现对养殖池环境的实时监控。本文从系统结构和数据传输等方面进行了阐述,对海参苗养殖的自动化生产提供了一种有效可行、成本较低的解决方案。     

果树对低温的响应及抗寒评价体系研究进展

低温冷害是果树生产中常见的一种自然灾害,严重影响了果树生产的可持续发展。综述了果树抗寒性的评价、抗寒机制研究和抗寒基因工程研究,提出了该研究领域的前景展望,以期为果树抗寒性研究和抗寒育种提供科学依据。     

草莓组织培养

本实验讲诉了草莓组织培养的整个过程,诱导培养基MS+6-BA1.0mg/ml,继代培养基MS+6-BA0.5mg/ml,生根培养基1/2MS+NAA0.1mg/ml。     

美国红枫SRAP反应体系优化

以美国红枫基因组DNA为模板,采取L16(45)正交实验设计,对影响扩增反应的5个主要因素进行优化。结果表明:在20μL反应体系中,各因素的最佳配比为Mg2+浓度1.5mmol/L,dNTPs浓度2.5mmol/L,引物浓度1.5μmol/L,模板DNA用量50ng,Taq DNA聚合酶用量0.5U。该体系的建立为SRAP技术在美国红枫分子辅助育种实践中提供了技术基础。     

盐胁迫条件下甜高梁幼苗的光合特性及光系统Ⅱ功能调节

通过气体交换和叶绿素荧光猝灭动力学研究了盐胁迫对甜高粱幼苗碳同化能力和光系统Ⅱ光化学效率的影响。结果表明，50和100mmol L^-1的盐（NaO）处理对叶绿素含量、相对含水量和膜质过氧化程度影响很小；200mmol L^-1 NaCl处理导致叶绿素含量和相对含水量明显下降、膜质过氧化程度增加。50mmol L^-1 NaCl处理未影响甜高粱幼苗的净光合速率；NaCl浓度大于50mmol L^-1时，净光合速率开始迅速降低；同时，气孔限制值（Ls）也减小；而且，光合能力的下降未能通过增加CO2浓度得以恢复。甜高粱幼苗的初始荧光（Fo）、最大荧光产量（Fm）和最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）只在200mmol L^-1 NaCl处理时有较大程度的下降。此外，50mmol L^-1 NaCl胁迫也没有影响甜高粱幼苗的荧光猝灭动力学参数；当NaCl浓度大于50mmol L^-1时，光系统Ⅱ开放反应中心转化效率（Fv，F’m），光化学猝灭系数（qp）和光系统Ⅱ实际光化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）开始下降，而非光化学猝灭（NPQ）提高。因此认为，盐胁迫导致的碳同化能力的降低属于非气孔限制；碳同化能力的降低改变了甜高粱光系统Ⅱ的激发能利用和分配。100mmol L^-1盐胁迫条件下，甜高粱幼苗主要通过增加热耗散来消耗过多的激发能，而200mmol L^-1盐胁迫条件下通过减少光能吸收和增加热耗散来维持光能捕获和利用的平衡。     

盐胁迫条件下甜高粱幼苗的光合特性及光系统Ⅱ功能调节

通过气体交换和叶绿素荧光猝灭动力学研究了盐胁迫对甜高粱幼苗碳同化能力和光系统Ⅱ光化学效率的影响。结果表明,50和100mmolL-1的盐(NaCl)处理对叶绿素含量、相对含水量和膜质过氧化程度影响很小;200mmolL-1NaCl处理导致叶绿素含量和相对含水量明显下降、膜质过氧化程度增加。50mmolL-1NaCl处理未影响甜高粱幼苗的净光合速率;NaCl浓度大于50mmolL-1时,净光合速率开始迅速降低;同时,气孔限制值(Ls)也减小;而且,光合能力的下降未能通过增加CO2浓度得以恢复。甜高粱幼苗的初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光产量(Fm)和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)只在200mmolL-1NaCl处理时有较大程度的下降。此外,50mmolL-1NaCl胁迫也没有影响甜高粱幼苗的荧光猝灭动力学参数;当NaCl浓度大于50mmolL-1时,光系统Ⅱ开放反应中心转化效率(F′v/F′m),光化学猝灭系数(qP)和光系统Ⅱ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)开始下降,而非光化学猝灭(NPQ)提高。因此认为,盐胁迫导致的碳同化能力的降低属于非气孔限制;碳同化能力的降低改变了甜高粱光系统Ⅱ的激发能利用和分配。100mmolL-1盐胁迫条件下,甜高粱幼苗主要通过增加热耗散来消耗过多的激发能,而200mmolL-1盐胁迫条件下通过减少光能吸收和增加热耗散来维持光能捕获和利用的平衡。     

Relative susceptibility of different male-sterile cytoplasms in sorghum to shoot fly, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Atherigona soccata</Emphasis>

Summary The shoot fly, Atherigona soccata is an important pest of sorghum, and host plant resistance is one of the most effective components for managing this pest. Most of the hybrids grown in India based on milo cytoplasm (A₁ cytoplasm) are highly susceptible to shoot fly. Therefore, the present studies were undertaken to evaluate different male-sterile cytoplasms (CMS) for their relative susceptibility to sorghum shoot fly. Oviposition and deadheart formation were significantly lower on the maintainer lines as compared to the corresponding male-sterile lines. Among the cytoplasms tested, A₄M cytoplasm showed antixenosis for oviposition and suffered lower deadheart formation than the other cytoplasms tested. The A₄G₁ and A₄M cytoplasms suffered lower deadhearts in tillers than the other cytoplasms. Recovery following shoot fly damage in A₄M, A₃, and A₂ cytoplasms was better than in the other cytoplasms tested. The larval and pupal periods were longer and male and female pupal weights lower in A₄M and A₄VzM CMS backgrounds compared to the other CMS systems. Fecundity and antibiosis indices on CMS lines were lower than on the B-lines. The A₄M cytoplasm was found to be relatively resistant to sorghum shoot fly, and can be exploited for developing shoot fly-resistant hybrids for sustainable crop production in future.     

Effect of atmospheric modification, 1-MCP and chemicals on quality of fresh-cut banana

Fresh-cut banana slices have a short shelf-life due to fast browning and softening after processing. The effects of atmospheric modification, exposure to 1-MCP, and chemical dips on the quality of fresh-cut bananas were determined. Low levels of O₂ (2 and 4 kPa) and high levels of CO₂ (5 and 10 kPa), alone or in combination, did not prevent browning and softening of fresh-cut banana slices. Softening and respiration rates were decreased in response to 1-MCP treatment (1 μL L⁻¹ for 6 h at 14 °C) of fresh-cut banana slices (after processing), but their ethylene production and browning rates were not influenced. A 2-min dip in a mixture of 1% (w/v) CaCl₂ + 1% (w/v) ascorbic acid + 0.5% (w/v) cysteine effectively prevented browning and softening of the slices for 6 days at 5 °C. Dips in less than 0.5% cysteine promoted pinking of fresh-cut banana slices, while concentrations between 0.5 and 1.0% cysteine delayed browning and softening and extended the post-cutting life to 7 days at 5 °C.